关于Del Chiaro及同事应用磁共振做胰腺癌筛查的报道

胰腺癌是一种致命的疾病，其发病率和病死率几乎一样。在西方国家5年存活率为4%，是所有癌症类型中最低的[1]。在中国胰腺癌为恶性肿瘤死亡原因的第六位，总累积5年存活率为1%~3%[2-3]。中国胰腺癌患病危险因素类似于西方国家[2-3]。通过影像学偶然发现的胰腺癌生存期似乎有所增加[4-6]。最近基因测序证据[7-8]表明，胰腺癌从基因癌变开始到转移期胰腺癌需要15年时间。20世纪90年代之前，胰腺癌可以是一种遗传性疾病这点没有被广泛认识，而现在知道在某些基因异常的个体，如BRCA2、p16、遗传性非息肉性大肠癌、家族性胰腺炎和Peutz-Jeghers综合征的个人都较易患胰腺癌[9-14]。然而胰腺癌只有10%的患者有已知的危险因素，其他90%的癌症目前未有已知的风险因素[4-12]。

On pancreatic cancer screening by magnetic resonance imaging with the recent evidence by Del Chiaro and colleagues

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease because incidence and mortality rates are nearly identical.The 5-year survival rate in Western countries is 4%,the lowest among all types of cancer（1）.In China,pancreatic cancer is the sixth leading cause of death from malignant disease,with an overall cumulative 5-year survival rate of 1%to 3%（2,3）.

GNL-Scorer: a generalized model for predicting CRISPR on-target activity by machine learning and featurization

CRISPR/Cas9 is an adaptive immunity system in bacteria and most archaea(Koonin and Makarova,2009;Horvath and Barrangou,2010).The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system is comprised of two key components,a small guide RNA(gRNA)and a Cas9 endonuclease(Deltcheva etal.,2011;Jineketal.,2012).