Aphid is one of the most destructive insect pests on cultivated plants in temperate regions.Their piercing-sucking mouthparts and phloem feeding behavior directly damage crops and deplete plant nutrients.Potato(Solanu...Aphid is one of the most destructive insect pests on cultivated plants in temperate regions.Their piercing-sucking mouthparts and phloem feeding behavior directly damage crops and deplete plant nutrients.Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)is one of the most important food sources on the planet,and several aphid species,e.g.,Myzus persicae(Sulzer)(green peach aphid)and Macrosiphum euphorbiae(Thomas)(potato aphid)(Hemiptera:Aphididae)colonize potato and transmit several economically important viruses.Aphid-transmitted potato viruses have been emerging all over the world as a very serious problem in potato production,inducing a wide variety of foliar and tuber symptoms,leading to severe yield reduction and loss of tuber quality.In this review,recent advances in understanding the interactions of potato viruses with their hosts,aphid vectors and the environment are described.展开更多
Remorins are plant-specific membrane-associated proteins and were proposed to play crucial roles in plant-pathogen interactions. However, little is known about how pathogens counter remorin-mediated host responses. In...Remorins are plant-specific membrane-associated proteins and were proposed to play crucial roles in plant-pathogen interactions. However, little is known about how pathogens counter remorin-mediated host responses. In this study, by quantitative whole-proteome analysis we found that the remorin protein （NbREM1） is downregulated early in Rice stripe virus （RSV） infection. We further discovered that the turn- over of NbREM1 is regulated by S-acylation modification and its degradation is mediated mainly through the autophagy pathway. Interestingly, RSV can interfere with the S-acylation of NbREM1, which is required to negatively regulate RSV infection by restricting virus cell-to-cell trafficking. The disruption of NbREM1 S-acylation affects its targeting to the plasma membrane microdomain, and the resulting accumulation of non-targeted NbREM1 is subjected to autophagic degradation, causing downregulation of NbREMI. Moreover, we found that RSV-encoded movement protein, NSvc4, alone can interfere with NbREM1 S-acylation through binding with the C-terminal domain of NbREM1 the S-acylation of OsREM1.4, the homologous remorin of NbREM1, and thus remorin-mediated defense against RSV in rice, the original host of RSV, indicating that downregulation of the remorin protein level by interfering with its S-acylation is a common strategy adopted by RSV to overcome remorin-mediated inhibition of virus movement.展开更多
Dear Editor,Virus-induced gene silencing （VIGS） is a fast and powerful method to study gene function in plants （Burch-Smith et al., 2004）. It is based on plant defense mechanisms against viral gene replication and...Dear Editor,Virus-induced gene silencing （VIGS） is a fast and powerful method to study gene function in plants （Burch-Smith et al., 2004）. It is based on plant defense mechanisms against viral gene replication and allows high-throughput silencing of genes of inter- est （SenthiI-Kumar and Mysore, 2014）. The molecular mechanisms involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing （PTGS） have been studied intensively, and its steps are well known. The silencing pro- cess begins with the recognition through Dicer-like ribonucleases （DCL） of double-stranded RNA （dsRNA） that is generated during viral replication. Upon recognition, the dsRNA is processed into 21-24 nucleotide fragments, termed small interfering RNA （siRNA）. Based on sequence homology, both viral siRNA and plant mRNA associate with an RNA-induced silencing complex （RISC） and are targeted for degradation （Llave, 2010）.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the Startup Fund for Distinguished Scholars, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
文摘Aphid is one of the most destructive insect pests on cultivated plants in temperate regions.Their piercing-sucking mouthparts and phloem feeding behavior directly damage crops and deplete plant nutrients.Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)is one of the most important food sources on the planet,and several aphid species,e.g.,Myzus persicae(Sulzer)(green peach aphid)and Macrosiphum euphorbiae(Thomas)(potato aphid)(Hemiptera:Aphididae)colonize potato and transmit several economically important viruses.Aphid-transmitted potato viruses have been emerging all over the world as a very serious problem in potato production,inducing a wide variety of foliar and tuber symptoms,leading to severe yield reduction and loss of tuber quality.In this review,recent advances in understanding the interactions of potato viruses with their hosts,aphid vectors and the environment are described.
文摘Remorins are plant-specific membrane-associated proteins and were proposed to play crucial roles in plant-pathogen interactions. However, little is known about how pathogens counter remorin-mediated host responses. In this study, by quantitative whole-proteome analysis we found that the remorin protein （NbREM1） is downregulated early in Rice stripe virus （RSV） infection. We further discovered that the turn- over of NbREM1 is regulated by S-acylation modification and its degradation is mediated mainly through the autophagy pathway. Interestingly, RSV can interfere with the S-acylation of NbREM1, which is required to negatively regulate RSV infection by restricting virus cell-to-cell trafficking. The disruption of NbREM1 S-acylation affects its targeting to the plasma membrane microdomain, and the resulting accumulation of non-targeted NbREM1 is subjected to autophagic degradation, causing downregulation of NbREMI. Moreover, we found that RSV-encoded movement protein, NSvc4, alone can interfere with NbREM1 S-acylation through binding with the C-terminal domain of NbREM1 the S-acylation of OsREM1.4, the homologous remorin of NbREM1, and thus remorin-mediated defense against RSV in rice, the original host of RSV, indicating that downregulation of the remorin protein level by interfering with its S-acylation is a common strategy adopted by RSV to overcome remorin-mediated inhibition of virus movement.
文摘Dear Editor,Virus-induced gene silencing （VIGS） is a fast and powerful method to study gene function in plants （Burch-Smith et al., 2004）. It is based on plant defense mechanisms against viral gene replication and allows high-throughput silencing of genes of inter- est （SenthiI-Kumar and Mysore, 2014）. The molecular mechanisms involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing （PTGS） have been studied intensively, and its steps are well known. The silencing pro- cess begins with the recognition through Dicer-like ribonucleases （DCL） of double-stranded RNA （dsRNA） that is generated during viral replication. Upon recognition, the dsRNA is processed into 21-24 nucleotide fragments, termed small interfering RNA （siRNA）. Based on sequence homology, both viral siRNA and plant mRNA associate with an RNA-induced silencing complex （RISC） and are targeted for degradation （Llave, 2010）.
