Introduction: Vaccination of children has experienced delays due to paucity of information regarding safety, effectiveness, immunogenicity, and reactogenicity. Age wise approval prioritized 12 - 17 years and later 5 -...Introduction: Vaccination of children has experienced delays due to paucity of information regarding safety, effectiveness, immunogenicity, and reactogenicity. Age wise approval prioritized 12 - 17 years and later 5 - 11 years. Those below 5 years possess na?ve immunity and not considered. In Lake Region Economic Bloc children aged 12 - 17 variably received 1, 2, and 3 doses of vaccine. This analysis looks into effectiveness of the doses administered. Method: Data providers from 84 LREB facilities submitted patients’ vaccination data to Power BI supported dashboard between June 24, 2021 and July 30, 2022. Data of 12 - 17 years old was mined, analyzed and visualized. Sample sizes considered for analysis were 0 dose, n = 8132;1 dose, n = 271;2 doses, n = 402, and 3 doses, n = 90. Data used in the analysis was facility operational and not from experimental design. Relative risk analysis of children who received 0, 1, 2, and 3 doses was done using Odds Ratio run on R software. Results: The relative risk of infection to a child with one dose against unvaccinated counterpart is 0.92 (95% CI, 0.61 - 1.43). Likewise the relative risk of infection to a child aged 12 - 17 years with 2 doses against another who received no dose is 0.87 (95% CI, 0.63 - 1.24). A child with 3 doses is 46% (95% CI, 27% - 84%) less likely to get infected compared to another not vaccinated. Also, the relative risk between having 2 doses and 1 dose for a child aged 12 - 17 years is 0.95 (95% CI, 0.55 - 1.6). For the same age group the relative risk of having 3 doses of vaccines against 1 dose is 51% (95% CI, 26% - 100%). In addition, a child who receives 3 doses of vaccine is 53% (95% CI, 28% - 100%) less likely to experience breakthrough infection compared to another with 2 doses. Whereas 1<sup>st</sup> dose offers (5%) marginal protection advantage over the 2<sup>nd</sup> dose, the 3r dose offers 49% and 47% more protection over 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> doses, respectively, because of incremental reduced risk of infection gained from previous doses. During the period, 15 children at risk were admitted with COVID-19 infections in various regional hospitals, one had 3 doses but confounded with severe comorbidity. Conclusion: We found that 2<sup>nd</sup> dose had marginal protection over the 1<sup>st</sup> dose. However, the 3<sup>rd</sup> dose offers extensive protection compared to 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> doses, and protects more against hospitalization. Children at risk should receive 3 doses of vaccines.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, affecting approximately one third of the Western world. It consists of a wide spectrum of liver disorders, ranging from fatty liver t...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, affecting approximately one third of the Western world. It consists of a wide spectrum of liver disorders, ranging from fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), which consists of steatosis, ballooning injury and inflammation. Despite an alarming growth in the statistics surrounding NAFLD, there are as yet no effective therapies for its treatment. Innate immune signaling has been thought to play a significant role in initiating and augmenting hepatic inflammation, contributing to the transition from nonalcoholic fatty liver to NASH. An immune response is triggered by countless signals called damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs) elicited by lipid-laden and damaged hepatocytes, which are recognized by pattern recognition receptors(PRRs) on hepatic immune cells to initiate inflammatory signaling. In this editorial, in addition to summarizing innate immune signaling in NAFLD and discussing potential therapies that target innate immune pathways, we have described a recent study that demonstrated that mitochondrial DNA serves as a DAMP activating a hepatic PRR, TLR9, in mice and in the plasma of NASH patients. In addition to identifying a new ligand for TLR9 during NASH progression, the study shows that blocking TLR9 reverses NASH, paving the way for the development of future NASH therapy.展开更多
In the present scenario,computational modeling has gained much importance for the prediction of the properties of concrete.This paper depicts that how computational intelligence can be applied for the prediction of co...In the present scenario,computational modeling has gained much importance for the prediction of the properties of concrete.This paper depicts that how computational intelligence can be applied for the prediction of compressive strength of Self Compacting Concrete(SCC).Three models,namely,Extreme Learning Machine(ELM),Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)and Multi Adaptive Regression Spline(MARS)have been employed in the present study for the prediction of compressive strength of self compacting concrete.The contents of cement(c),sand(s),coarse aggregate(a),fly ash(f),water/powder(w/p)ratio and superplasticizer(sp)dosage have been taken as inputs and 28 days compressive strength(fck)as output for ELM,ANFIS and MARS models.A relatively large set of data including 80 normalized data available in the literature has been taken for the study.A comparison is made between the results obtained from all the above-mentioned models and the model which provides best fit is established.The experimental results demonstrate that proposed models are robust for determination of compressive strength of self-compacting concrete.展开更多
This paper studies the dynamic responses of SDOF system under pulse-dominant excitations.The purpose of the study is to prepare for scrutiny of some near-field pulse-dominantground motions and their potential to cause...This paper studies the dynamic responses of SDOF system under pulse-dominant excitations.The purpose of the study is to prepare for scrutiny of some near-field pulse-dominantground motions and their potential to cause structural damage.Extending the single pulse dynamics,we consider the effect of pulse sequences.This kind of excitation was particularly obvious in some of previous earthquakes such as Northridge (1994) and Chi-Chi (1995).Based on the duration, peak and rise and decay era of the main pulse as well as its relationship with the predecessor and successor pulses,we propose a classification for the pulse sequences.Consequent studies have been canied out for acceleration,velocity and displacement response spectra of the main pulse with either a predecessor or a successor pulse.The analysis also includes general response behaviors in different fundamental period segments and special aspects of response at certain points (e.g.,the corresponding peak points).展开更多
The NHS is right now confronting huge pressures relating to demand and capacity in radiology. The purpose of this research has been to provide information about MRI usage, details of operational aspects of MRI service...The NHS is right now confronting huge pressures relating to demand and capacity in radiology. The purpose of this research has been to provide information about MRI usage, details of operational aspects of MRI services, and to ascertain the planning intentions of NHS radiology services to keep up and create MRI capacity. The report expands on using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) to inspect and plan the utilisation of NHS hospital resources for the radiology department to help a 24 hr service that is available to outpatients which will help with diminishing patient waiting time, better resource usage, understanding the capacity and demand. Consequently, this research examines to adjust staff and resources with the demand of the MRI. The research was investigated using DES in various scenarios to find which resources are inactive;patients are treated slowly. DES helped in discovering resource utilisation and outpatient throughout the system. It additionally helped in distinguishing the bottlenecks in patient flow. The DES simulation results demonstrated that time for the outpatient in the system is less and more outpatients have been treated too. There is a higher level of outpatient patients leaving the system under 120 minutes. The report uncovered an MRI report interpretation time. Reception room time and MRI waiting room time are decreased significantly. It additionally exhibited with an expanded outflow of outpatients, resources, for example, MRI capacity and radiographer utilisation expanded.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Vaccination of children has experienced delays due to paucity of information regarding safety, effectiveness, immunogenicity, and reactogenicity. Age wise approval prioritized 12 - 17 years and later 5 - 11 years. Those below 5 years possess na?ve immunity and not considered. In Lake Region Economic Bloc children aged 12 - 17 variably received 1, 2, and 3 doses of vaccine. This analysis looks into effectiveness of the doses administered. Method: Data providers from 84 LREB facilities submitted patients’ vaccination data to Power BI supported dashboard between June 24, 2021 and July 30, 2022. Data of 12 - 17 years old was mined, analyzed and visualized. Sample sizes considered for analysis were 0 dose, n = 8132;1 dose, n = 271;2 doses, n = 402, and 3 doses, n = 90. Data used in the analysis was facility operational and not from experimental design. Relative risk analysis of children who received 0, 1, 2, and 3 doses was done using Odds Ratio run on R software. Results: The relative risk of infection to a child with one dose against unvaccinated counterpart is 0.92 (95% CI, 0.61 - 1.43). Likewise the relative risk of infection to a child aged 12 - 17 years with 2 doses against another who received no dose is 0.87 (95% CI, 0.63 - 1.24). A child with 3 doses is 46% (95% CI, 27% - 84%) less likely to get infected compared to another not vaccinated. Also, the relative risk between having 2 doses and 1 dose for a child aged 12 - 17 years is 0.95 (95% CI, 0.55 - 1.6). For the same age group the relative risk of having 3 doses of vaccines against 1 dose is 51% (95% CI, 26% - 100%). In addition, a child who receives 3 doses of vaccine is 53% (95% CI, 28% - 100%) less likely to experience breakthrough infection compared to another with 2 doses. Whereas 1<sup>st</sup> dose offers (5%) marginal protection advantage over the 2<sup>nd</sup> dose, the 3r dose offers 49% and 47% more protection over 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> doses, respectively, because of incremental reduced risk of infection gained from previous doses. During the period, 15 children at risk were admitted with COVID-19 infections in various regional hospitals, one had 3 doses but confounded with severe comorbidity. Conclusion: We found that 2<sup>nd</sup> dose had marginal protection over the 1<sup>st</sup> dose. However, the 3<sup>rd</sup> dose offers extensive protection compared to 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> doses, and protects more against hospitalization. Children at risk should receive 3 doses of vaccines.
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, affecting approximately one third of the Western world. It consists of a wide spectrum of liver disorders, ranging from fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), which consists of steatosis, ballooning injury and inflammation. Despite an alarming growth in the statistics surrounding NAFLD, there are as yet no effective therapies for its treatment. Innate immune signaling has been thought to play a significant role in initiating and augmenting hepatic inflammation, contributing to the transition from nonalcoholic fatty liver to NASH. An immune response is triggered by countless signals called damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs) elicited by lipid-laden and damaged hepatocytes, which are recognized by pattern recognition receptors(PRRs) on hepatic immune cells to initiate inflammatory signaling. In this editorial, in addition to summarizing innate immune signaling in NAFLD and discussing potential therapies that target innate immune pathways, we have described a recent study that demonstrated that mitochondrial DNA serves as a DAMP activating a hepatic PRR, TLR9, in mice and in the plasma of NASH patients. In addition to identifying a new ligand for TLR9 during NASH progression, the study shows that blocking TLR9 reverses NASH, paving the way for the development of future NASH therapy.
文摘In the present scenario,computational modeling has gained much importance for the prediction of the properties of concrete.This paper depicts that how computational intelligence can be applied for the prediction of compressive strength of Self Compacting Concrete(SCC).Three models,namely,Extreme Learning Machine(ELM),Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)and Multi Adaptive Regression Spline(MARS)have been employed in the present study for the prediction of compressive strength of self compacting concrete.The contents of cement(c),sand(s),coarse aggregate(a),fly ash(f),water/powder(w/p)ratio and superplasticizer(sp)dosage have been taken as inputs and 28 days compressive strength(fck)as output for ELM,ANFIS and MARS models.A relatively large set of data including 80 normalized data available in the literature has been taken for the study.A comparison is made between the results obtained from all the above-mentioned models and the model which provides best fit is established.The experimental results demonstrate that proposed models are robust for determination of compressive strength of self-compacting concrete.
基金US NSF Under Grant No.CMS-0202846National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.50278092
文摘This paper studies the dynamic responses of SDOF system under pulse-dominant excitations.The purpose of the study is to prepare for scrutiny of some near-field pulse-dominantground motions and their potential to cause structural damage.Extending the single pulse dynamics,we consider the effect of pulse sequences.This kind of excitation was particularly obvious in some of previous earthquakes such as Northridge (1994) and Chi-Chi (1995).Based on the duration, peak and rise and decay era of the main pulse as well as its relationship with the predecessor and successor pulses,we propose a classification for the pulse sequences.Consequent studies have been canied out for acceleration,velocity and displacement response spectra of the main pulse with either a predecessor or a successor pulse.The analysis also includes general response behaviors in different fundamental period segments and special aspects of response at certain points (e.g.,the corresponding peak points).
文摘The NHS is right now confronting huge pressures relating to demand and capacity in radiology. The purpose of this research has been to provide information about MRI usage, details of operational aspects of MRI services, and to ascertain the planning intentions of NHS radiology services to keep up and create MRI capacity. The report expands on using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) to inspect and plan the utilisation of NHS hospital resources for the radiology department to help a 24 hr service that is available to outpatients which will help with diminishing patient waiting time, better resource usage, understanding the capacity and demand. Consequently, this research examines to adjust staff and resources with the demand of the MRI. The research was investigated using DES in various scenarios to find which resources are inactive;patients are treated slowly. DES helped in discovering resource utilisation and outpatient throughout the system. It additionally helped in distinguishing the bottlenecks in patient flow. The DES simulation results demonstrated that time for the outpatient in the system is less and more outpatients have been treated too. There is a higher level of outpatient patients leaving the system under 120 minutes. The report uncovered an MRI report interpretation time. Reception room time and MRI waiting room time are decreased significantly. It additionally exhibited with an expanded outflow of outpatients, resources, for example, MRI capacity and radiographer utilisation expanded.
