有髓视网膜神经纤维相关性弱视的视力预后

Purpose: To investigate the visual prognosis of amblyopia associated with anisomyopia and myelinated nerve fibers. Design: Retrospective noncomparative case series. Methods: Twelve children with amblyopia associated with anisomyopia and myelinated nerve fibers were treated with spectacle correction after cycloplegic refraction and occlusion therapy for amblyopia. Their visual acuity was measured at each visit to the clinic. The patients were divided into three groups according to their final visual acuity, and statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the differences among these groups in terms of the initial age, spherical equivalent, anisometropia, the area of myelination, final age, and follow- up period. Results: The mean refractive error of the 12 children in spherical equivalents was- 8.16 diopters (range- 1.50 to approximately- 13.00 diopters). The mean age at the initiation of therapy was4.2 years (range 2.1 to 8.6) and the mean follow- up period was 2.6 years (range 0.5 to5.1). After the occlusion treatment, visual acuity improved to 20/30 in four patients, and to 20/60 in one patient. In the remaining six patients, visual acuity remained at 20/200 or worse. The amount of anisometropia and the area of myelination were significantly different between the group with a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better and the group with a final visual acuity of worse than 20/200. Conclusion: The visual acuity of about one third of the amblyopes with myelinated nerve fibers improved to 20/30. The prognostic factors for the visual improvement were the amount of anisometropia and the area of myelination.

9例肢端雀斑样痣原位黑色素瘤的研究

An acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is the most common type of cutaneous melanoma in Asians. However, it is unusual to encounter a patient showing only the histologic features of an ALM in situ. Here we describe clinical and histologic features of nine cases of ALM in situ including immunohistochemical staining with anti-S 100 protein and HMB-45. All the patients had a long clinical history. Clinically, the lesions were characterized by a longitudinal pigmented streak in the nail plates, black pigmentation on the proximal or lateral nail fold, and an irregular border and variegated pigmentation on the sole or thumb. Total resections of the lesions were performed in all patients. All lesions, in both biopsy and excisional specimens demonstrated more melanocytes generally located in the basal layer of the epidermis. There was no dermal invasion. No recurrence of the disease had occurred in any patient after a follow-up period of between 6 months to 12 years after surgery. These results suggest that ALM can evolve slowly over many years.

大脑前动脉发育不良或发育不全的经颅多普勒超声评估

Background and purpose: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonographyis useful to eval uate intracranial arteries, however,interpretation of the TCD results in anterio r cerebral artery(ACA) is difficult because of hypoplasia or aplasia. We try to define useful TCD indices and cut-off values to determine the variations of ACA . Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent TCD and magnetic resonance angiogr aphy (MRA)-were included. Patients with cerebrovascular abnormality or inadequa te temporal windows were excluded. ACA status was classified as normal (NL), hypoplasia (HP), and aplasia (AP)-according to MRA. TCD indices of mean flow velocity (MFV),pulsatil ity index (PI), ACA/middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow velocity ratio (ACA/MCA FV R), and asymmetry index (AI) of ACA were blindly compared with MRA between three groups.Results: Two hundred and forty-one patients were included,and 193 patie nts (80%) were classified as NL, 34 (14%) as HP and 14 (6%) as AP. MFV was si gnificantly lower in HP and AP (p < 0.001), however, PI and ACA/MCA FVR were not different. AI was significantly different between NL and HP(21.5%vs. 50.4%),N L and AP (21.5%vs. 105.2%) (p < 0.001).Conclusions: MFV of ACA should be inter preted with caution for its frequent anatomical variations. AI is useful to diff erentiate hypoplasia and aplasia from normal ACA with optimal criteria.

磁共振成像技术研究先天性纤维化综合征和协同肌分离患者的先天动眼神经发育不全及外展神经缺失

Objective: There is only one neuropathologic report of congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM), and none of synergistic divergence. The aim of this report was to study the oculomotor nerve and the abducens nerve in 2 such p atients with magnetic resonance imaging. Design: Observational case reports. Met hods: Ophthalmologic examination and thin-sectioned magnetic resonance imaging across the brainstem level were performed in 2 patients with CFEOM and synergist ic divergence. To confirm the accuracy of the procedure, we compared the results obtained with those of a control group of 40 individuals using the same techniq ue. Main Outcome Measures: The oculomotor nerve and the abducens nerve on magnet ic resonance imaging. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed bilateral hy poplasia of the oculomotor nerve in both patients, and absence of the abducens n erve on the affected side of synergistic divergence. The oculomotor and abducens nerves were observed in 80 of 80 eyes (100%) screened as controls. C onclusions: In both patients with CFEOM and synergistic divergence, the oculomot or nerve was hypoplastic bilaterally, and the abducens nerve was absent on the s ide exhibiting synergistic divergence.

视网膜母细胞瘤眼球摘除术后多孔性聚乙烯移植物暴露的处理

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report the features and the management of porous polyethylene implant exposure in patients with retinoblastoma following enucleation. PA- TIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of 33 patients (33 sockets) following enucleation and porous polyethylene implantation for retinoblastoma were reviewed. RESULTS: The mean age at enucleation was 24 months (range, 2 to 85 months). The exposure rate was 33% (11 cases), and the mean time from enucleation to exposure was 15 months (range, 7 to 29 months). One case was resolved only by supportive management, and the remaining 10 were successfully treated with a scleral patch graft and maintained well during a mean follow- up of 15 months after surgical repair. There was no statistical evidence that age, gender, implant size, or chemotherapy had an effect on implant exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Porous polyethylene implant exposure does not seem to be resolved by conservative management. We recommend early surgical management, such as scleral patch graft, as opposed to supportive management.

Joint Applied Optics and Chinese Optics Letters Feature Introduction: Digital Holography and 3D Imaging

This feature issue is the fifth installment on digital holography since its inception four years ago. The last four issues have been published after the conclusion of each Topical Meeting ＂Digital Holography and 3D imaging （DH）.＂ However, this feature issue includes a new key feature-Joint Applied Optics and Chinese Optics Letters Feature Issue.