T. solium cysticercosis is a tropical neglected disease with a high impact on public health and agriculture. To better understand the socio-economical drivers of this disease, this study was carried out with the goal ...T. solium cysticercosis is a tropical neglected disease with a high impact on public health and agriculture. To better understand the socio-economical drivers of this disease, this study was carried out with the goal to analyze knowledge, attitudes and practices of populations of the Boucle du Mouhoun region in connection with the life cycle of T. solium. We carried out a knowledge-attitudes-practices (KAP) survey with 320 people in four villages. More than half of the interviewees (60.3%) have already seen pig’s carcasses with the parasite cysts. Only two people know that the infestation is associated with the consumption of human faeces. In addition, 32.2% think that they can get sick by ingesting infested meat. Wells water is consumed by 62.8% of people and 75.1% of wells do not carry curbs. Moreover, 84.1% of concessions had latrines but 52.2% of the people practice open defecation. Pig meat is consumed by 80.6% of people and 30.9% have already consumed meat with cysts. This study shows that the transmission routes of porcine cysticercosis are not known and that the populations adopt attitudes and practices which allow the perpetuation of teniasis/cysticercosis in these villages.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the outcome of graft central thickness after penetrating keratoplasty. Design: Retrospective observational cohort study. Participants: E ight hundred fifty-six consecutive penetrating keratoplast...Objective: To analyze the outcome of graft central thickness after penetrating keratoplasty. Design: Retrospective observational cohort study. Participants: E ight hundred fifty-six consecutive penetrating keratoplasties (772 patients) pe rformed between 1992 and 2001 were analyzed and 772 were included (1 graft per p atient was included). Methods: Slit-lamp examination and ultrasound pachymetry. Main Outcome Measures: Slit-lamp findings, intraocular pressure, and graft cen tral thickness were recorded. Results: Patients were observed for an average of 55 months. The 36-and 60-month graft survival estimates were, respectively, 77 .2%and 71.0%. The average graft central thickness in successful transplants wa s 655 μm at 1 week, 558 μm at 1 month, 533 μm at 6 months, 538 μm at 12 mont hs, 558 μm at 24 months, 561 μm at 36 months, and 568 μm at 5 years. At each postoperative time point, the percentage of eyes with decreased, normal, and inc reased graft central thickness was significantly different according to slit-la mp findings. Of the patients with increased graft thickness, 46.2%had a simple outcome (normal intraocular pressure and normal slit-lamp findings), 28.6%expe rienced rejection, 15.8%experienced a graft nonimmunological event, and 9.4%ex perienced increased intraocular pressure. At each postoperative follow-up, subs equent graft survival was significantly lower in patients with increased graft t hickness as compared with patients with normal or decreased graft thickness. Whe n analyzing only patients with simple outcome, the relative risk of graft failur e was 3.3 if graft thickness was increased at 1 month (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: In conclusion, graft central thickness assessed by ultrasound pachymetry is a u seful method for observing patients who have undergone penetrating keratoplasty. Evenwhen slit-lamp examination reveals no complications, patients with an incr ease in graft thickness above the upper limit of normal for the postoperative ti me point under consideration are at greater risk of failure.展开更多
文摘T. solium cysticercosis is a tropical neglected disease with a high impact on public health and agriculture. To better understand the socio-economical drivers of this disease, this study was carried out with the goal to analyze knowledge, attitudes and practices of populations of the Boucle du Mouhoun region in connection with the life cycle of T. solium. We carried out a knowledge-attitudes-practices (KAP) survey with 320 people in four villages. More than half of the interviewees (60.3%) have already seen pig’s carcasses with the parasite cysts. Only two people know that the infestation is associated with the consumption of human faeces. In addition, 32.2% think that they can get sick by ingesting infested meat. Wells water is consumed by 62.8% of people and 75.1% of wells do not carry curbs. Moreover, 84.1% of concessions had latrines but 52.2% of the people practice open defecation. Pig meat is consumed by 80.6% of people and 30.9% have already consumed meat with cysts. This study shows that the transmission routes of porcine cysticercosis are not known and that the populations adopt attitudes and practices which allow the perpetuation of teniasis/cysticercosis in these villages.
文摘Objective: To analyze the outcome of graft central thickness after penetrating keratoplasty. Design: Retrospective observational cohort study. Participants: E ight hundred fifty-six consecutive penetrating keratoplasties (772 patients) pe rformed between 1992 and 2001 were analyzed and 772 were included (1 graft per p atient was included). Methods: Slit-lamp examination and ultrasound pachymetry. Main Outcome Measures: Slit-lamp findings, intraocular pressure, and graft cen tral thickness were recorded. Results: Patients were observed for an average of 55 months. The 36-and 60-month graft survival estimates were, respectively, 77 .2%and 71.0%. The average graft central thickness in successful transplants wa s 655 μm at 1 week, 558 μm at 1 month, 533 μm at 6 months, 538 μm at 12 mont hs, 558 μm at 24 months, 561 μm at 36 months, and 568 μm at 5 years. At each postoperative time point, the percentage of eyes with decreased, normal, and inc reased graft central thickness was significantly different according to slit-la mp findings. Of the patients with increased graft thickness, 46.2%had a simple outcome (normal intraocular pressure and normal slit-lamp findings), 28.6%expe rienced rejection, 15.8%experienced a graft nonimmunological event, and 9.4%ex perienced increased intraocular pressure. At each postoperative follow-up, subs equent graft survival was significantly lower in patients with increased graft t hickness as compared with patients with normal or decreased graft thickness. Whe n analyzing only patients with simple outcome, the relative risk of graft failur e was 3.3 if graft thickness was increased at 1 month (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: In conclusion, graft central thickness assessed by ultrasound pachymetry is a u seful method for observing patients who have undergone penetrating keratoplasty. Evenwhen slit-lamp examination reveals no complications, patients with an incr ease in graft thickness above the upper limit of normal for the postoperative ti me point under consideration are at greater risk of failure.
