Surface Patterning of Metal Zinc Electrode with an In‑Region Zincophilic Interface for High‑Rate and Long‑Cycle‑Life Zinc Metal Anode

The undesirable dendrite growth induced by non-planar zinc(Zn)deposition and low Coulombic efficiency resulting from severe side reactions have been long-standing challenges for metallic Zn anodes and substantially impede the practical application of rechargeable aqueous Zn metal batteries(ZMBs).Herein,we present a strategy for achieving a high-rate and long-cycle-life Zn metal anode by patterning Zn foil surfaces and endowing a Zn-Indium(Zn-In)interface in the microchannels.The accumulation of electrons in the microchannel and the zincophilicity of the Zn-In interface promote preferential heteroepitaxial Zn deposition in the microchannel region and enhance the tolerance of the electrode at high current densities.Meanwhile,electron aggregation accelerates the dissolution of non-(002)plane Zn atoms on the array surface,thereby directing the subsequent homoepitaxial Zn deposition on the array surface.Consequently,the planar dendrite-free Zn deposition and long-term cycling stability are achieved(5,050 h at 10.0 mA cm^(−2) and 27,000 cycles at 20.0 mA cm^(−2)).Furthermore,a Zn/I_(2) full cell assembled by pairing with such an anode can maintain good stability for 3,500 cycles at 5.0 C,demonstrating the application potential of the as-prepared ZnIn anode for high-performance aqueous ZMBs.

Correction: Surface Patterning of Metal ZincElectrode with an In-Region Zincophilic Interfacefor High-Rate and Long-Cycle-Life Zinc MetalAnode

Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2024)16:112 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01327-2 In the supplementary information the following corrections have been carried out:1.Institute of Energy and Climate Research,Materials Synthesis and Processing,Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH,52425 Jülich,Germany.Corrected:Institute of Energy and Climate Research:Materials Synthesis and Processing(IEK-1),Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH,52425 Jülich,Germany.

Review of micromachined optical accelerometers:from mg to sub-μg

Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems(MOEMS)accelerometer is a new type of accelerometer which combines the merits of optical measurement and Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems(MEMS)to enable high precision,small volume and anti-electromagnetic disturbance measurement of acceleration.In recent years,with the in-depth research and development of MOEMS accelerometers,the community is flourishing with the possible applications in seismic monitoring,inertial navigation,aerospace and other industrial and military fields.There have been a variety of schemes of MOEMS accelerometers,whereas the performances differ greatly due to different measurement principles and corresponding application requirements.This paper aims to address the pressing issue of the current lack of systematic review of MOEMS accelerometers.According to the optical measurement principle,we divide the MOEMS accelerometers into three categories:the geometric optics based,the wave optics based,and the new optomechanical accelerometers.Regarding the most widely studied category,the wave optics based accelerometers are further divided into four sub-categories,which is based on grating interferometric cavity,Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG),Fabry-Perot cavity,and photonic crystal,respectively.Following a brief introduction to the measurement principles,the typical performances,advantages and disadvantages as well as the potential application scenarios of all kinds of MOEMS accelerometers are discussed on the basis of typical demonstrations.This paper also presents the status and development tendency of MOEMS accelerometers to meet the ever-increasing demand for high-precision acceleration measurement.

Utilization of triplet excited states in organic semiconductors

Organic optoelectronics is an emerging research field, which has attracted extensive interests in the last few decades owing to its practical applications, like organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic memory devices, organic photovoltaic (OPV), sensors, and organic field-effect transistors[1, 2]. Organic semiconductors play a crucial role in this field. Compared to the traditional inorganic semiconductors, organic semiconductors open a fascinating research direction because of some unique advantages, such as flexible design, low cost, and rich optical and electronic properties. In organic optoelectronics, the excited states greatly determine the photoelectronic properties and application areas as shown in Fig. 1. Based on the electron spin in the molecule, the excited states of organic semiconductors include singlet and triplet states. As we know, the radiative transitions of singlet and triplet excited states are always accompanied by fluorescence and phosphorescence emission, respectively.

金属配合物的机械发光:进展与应用

摩擦发光(ML)是由机械力作用在材料上引起的发光现象。近年来,金属配合物ML材料因其独特的光学发射特性而受到广泛关注,在应力传感、防伪、结构健康监测、医疗健康、结构检测等领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文综述了近年来具有摩擦发光性质的金属配合物材料的研究进展,包括镧系金属配合物和过渡金属配合物。此外,还讨论了摩擦发光的产生机制、设计原理、光物理性质及其应用前景。本综述将为构建金属配合物摩擦发光材料以及拓展其在应力传感、结构检测等方面的应用提供启发和指导。

Ultrafast photoexcitation dynamics behavior of hydrogen-bonded polyfluorenol

Exciton behavior is crucial to the exploitation of light-emitting conjugated polymer(LCPs)for optoelectronic devices.Singlet excitons are easily trapped by the intrinsically defect structures.Herein,we set a polyfluorenol(PPFOH)as an example to systematically investigate its photophysical behavior to check the role of defect structures in LCPs.According to time-resolved photoluminescence analysis,the feature emission peaks from individual chain of PPFOH in diluted DMF solution is effectively avoided the influence of fluorenone formation,but the residual green-band emission at 550nm is easily observed in the PL spectra of PPFOH dilute toluene solution obtained delay 1.5 ns,confirmed the formation of“guest”physical aggregation-induced defect structure.Remarkably,efficient and ultrafast energy transfer from individual chain to defect structure is observed in PPFOH films.Interestingly,the efficient energy transfer happened for the film obtained from DMF solution(200 ps)than those of toluene ones(600 ps).Meanwhile,compared to relatively stable green-band emission in PPFOH film from toluene solution,red-shifted emission peak(11 nm)of PPFOH film from DMF solutions exposed to saturated DNT vapor also confirmed their different aggregation-induced green-band emission.Therefore,this aggregation defect structures are influenced on the photophysical property of LCPs in solid states.

Recent progress on low dimensional perovskite solar cells

Low dimensional perovskites have recently attracted much attention due to their vertical growth of crys- talline orientation, excellent film morphology, and long-term humidity, light, and heat stability, How- ever, low dimensional perovskites suffer fl＇om low power conversion efficiency （PCE） with respect to their three dimensional analogues. Therefore, it is imperative to find excellent low-dimensional perovskite materials for improving the PCE. Previous work has demonstrated that bulkier organic molecules, e,g., C6Hs（CH2）2NH3＋ （PEA＋）, CH3（CH2）3NH3＋（n-BAT, iso-BA＋）, C2H4NH3 ＋, and polyethylenimine cations （PEI＋）, play an important role in the formation of low-dimensional perovskites. In this review, we review the recent development of low dimensional perovskites for solar cells application in terms of film preparation, photophysics, and stability of perovskites, as well as the related device structure and physics. We have also discussed the future development of low-dimensional perovskites from materials design, fabri- cation processes, and device structure.

Solution processed nano-ZnMgO interfacial layer for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells

Interfacial layer has a significant impact on the achievement of highly efficient organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells(PSCs). Here, we introduced a nano-ZnMgO(magnesium doped ZnO, abbreviated as ZnMgO) as interfacial layer between [6, 6]-Phenyl C_(61) butyric acid methyl ester(PC_(61) BM) layer and Al electrode to replace LiF or ZnO interlayer and enhance device performance. The device efficiency has been improved from 11.43% to 15.61% and the hysteresis was decreased dramatically. Such huge enhancement of power convert efficiency(PCE) can be attributed to the low dark current density, enhancement of electron-selective contact, and low energy barrier at the PC_(61) BM/Al interface. We suggest that this simple nano-scale interlayer can provide an efficient charge transport and extraction for highly efficient PSCs.

Carrier and magnetism engineering for monolayer SnS_(2) by high throughput first-principles calculations

Two-dimensional(2D)semiconducting tin disulfide(SnS_(2))has been widely used for optoelectronic applications.To functionalize SnS_(2) for extending its application,we investigate the stability,electronic and magnetic properties of substitutional doping by high throughput first-principles calculations.There are a lot of elements that can be doped in monolayer SnS_(2).Nonmetal in group A can introduce p-type and n-type carriers,while most metals in group A can only lead to p-type doping.Not only 3d,but also 4d and 5d transition metals in groups VB to VⅢB9 can introduce magnetism in SnS_(2),which is potentially applicable for spintronics.This study provides a comprehensive view of functionalization of SnS_(2) by substitutional doping,which will guide further experimental realization.

Hybrid Organic-metal Oxide Transistors with High Operational Stability

Fig.1(a)Schematic of hybrid organic-metal oxide multilayer channel transistors architecture;(b)cross-sectional high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy image for hybrid organic-metal oxide TFTs;(c)corresponding band structures Thin-film transistors(TFTs)made from metal oxides,which have useful properties,including high charge carrier mobility and optical transparency,have been widely used in recent years,particularly in organic light-emitting diode displays[1-3].Currently,most metal oxide TFTs are manufactured by physical vapor deposition techniques,but solution-based processing methods could be promising for simpler and more cost-effective strategy[4-5].So far,solution-processed metal oxide TFTs still face significant challenges in carrier mobility and operational stability[6-7].

Matrix Effect on Polydiarylfluorenes Electrospun Hybrid Microfibers: From Morphology Tuning to High Explosive Detection Efficiency

Precisely optimizing the morphology of functional hybrid polymeric systems is crucial to improve its photophysical property and further extend their optoelectronic applications. The physic-chemical property of polymeric matrix in electrospinning (ES) processing is a key factor to dominate the condensed structure of these hybrid microstructures and further improve its functionality. Herein, we set a flexible poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as the matrix to obtain a series of polydiarylfluorenes (including PHDPF, PODPF and PNDPF) electrospun hybrid microfibers with a robust deep-blue emission. Significantly different from the rough morphology of their poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) ES hybrid fibers, polydiarylfluorenes/PEO ES fibers showed a smooth morphology and small size with a diameter of 1∼2 µm. Besides, there is a relatively weak phase separation under rapid solvent evaporation during the ES processing, associated with the hydrogen-bonded-assisted network of PEO in ES fibers. These relative “homogeneous” ES fibers present efficient deep-blue emission (PLQY>50%), due to weak interchain aggregation. More interestingly, low fraction of planar (β) conformation appears in the uniform PODPF/PEO ES fibers, induced by the external traction force in ES processing. Meanwhile, PNDPF/PEO ES fibers present a highest sensitivity than those of other ES fibers, associated with the smallest diameter and large surface area. Finally, compared to PODPF/PVK fibers and PODPF/PEO amorphous ES fibers, PODPF/PEO ES fibers obtained from DCE solution exhibit an excellent quenching behavior toward a saturated DNT vapor, mainly due to the synergistic effect of small size, weak separation, β-conformation formation and high deep-blue emission efficiency.

Fluorene pendant-functionalization of poly(N-vinylcarbazole)as deep-blue fluorescent and host materials for polymer light-emitting diodes

π-Electron coupling of pendant conjugated segment inπ-stacked semiconducting polymers always causes the formation of defect trapped sites and further quenched high-band excitons,which is harmful to the performance and stability of deep-blue polymer light-emitting diodes(PLEDs).Herein,considerate of“defect”carbazole(Cz)electromers in poly(N-vinylcarbazole)(PVK),a series of fluorene units are introduced into pendant segments(PVCz-DMeF,PVCz-FMeNPh and PVCz-DFMeNPh)to suppress the strongπ-electron coupling of pendant Cz units and enhance radiative transition toward fabricating sable PLEDs.Compared to PVCz-FMeNPh and PVCz-DFMeNPh,PVCz-DMeF spin-coated films show a relatively efficient deep-blue emission,completely similar to its single pendant chromophore,confirmed an extremely weak charge-transfer and electron coupling between adjacent pendant segments.Therefore,PLEDs based on PVCz-DMeF present stable and deep-blue emission with a high color purity(0.17,0.08),associated with extremely weak defect emission at 600∼700nm(induced by carbazole electromers).Finally,PLEDs based on PVCz-DMeF/F8BT blended films(1:1)also present the high maximum luminance(Lmax)of 6261 cd/m2 and current efficiency(CE_(max))of 2.03 cd/A,confirmed slightly trapped sites formation.Therefore,precisely control the arrangement and packing model of pendant units inπ-stacked polymer is an essential prerequisite for building efficient and stable emitter for optoelectronic devices.

Photoexcitation dynamics and energy engineering in supramolecular doping of organic conjugated molecules

Doping and blending strategies are crucial means to precisely control the excited states and energy level in conjugated molecular systems.However,effective models and platforms are rarely proposed to systematically explore the effects of the formation of trapped doped centers on heterogeneous structures,energy level and ultrafast photophysical process.Herein,for deeply understanding the impact of molecular doping in film energy levels and photoexcitation dynamics,we set a supramolecular N-B coordination composed by the conjugated molecules of pyridine functionalized diarylfluorene(host material),named as ODPF-Phpy and ODPF-(Phpy)2,and the molecule of tris(perfluorophenyl)borane(BCF)(guest material).The generation of the molecular-level coordination bond increased the binding energy of N atoms and tuned the band-gap,leading to a new fluorescent emission center with longer excitation wavelength and emission wavelength.The intermolecular Forster resonance energy transfer(FRET)in blending flms make it present inconsistent fluorescent behaviors compared to that in solution.The charge transfer(CT)state of N-B coordinated compounds and the changed dielectric constant of blending films resulted in a large PL spectra red-shift with the increased dopant ratio,causing a wide-tunable fluorescent color.The excited state behaviors of two compounds in blending system was further investigated by the transient absorption(TA)spectroscopy.Finally,we found supramolecular coordination blending can effectively improve the films'photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)and conductivity.We believe this exploration in the internal coordination mechanisms would deepen the insights about doped semiconductors and is helpful in developing novel high-efficient fluorescent systems.

Highly Stretchable,Elastic,and Sensitive MXene-Based Hydrogel for Flexible Strain and Pressure Sensors

Electronic skin is driving the next generation of cutting-edge wearable electronic products due to its good wearability and high accuracy of information acquisition.However,it remains a challenge to fulfill the requirements on detecting full-range human activities with existing flexible strain sensors.Herein,highly stretchable,sensitive,and multifunctional flexible strain sensors based on MXene-(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-)composited poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone double-network hydrogels were prepared.The uniformly distributed hydrophilic MXene nanosheets formed a three-dimensional conductive network throughout the hydrogel,endowing the flexible sensor with high sensitivity.The strong interaction between the double-network hydrogel matrix and MXene greatly improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogels.The resulting nanocomposited hydrogels featured great tensile performance(2400%),toughness,and resilience.Particularly,the as-prepared flexible pressure sensor revealed ultrahigh sensitivity(10.75 kPa^(-1))with a wide response range(0-61.5 kPa),fast response(33.5 ms),and low limit of detection(0.87 Pa).Moreover,the hydrogel-based flexible sensors,with high sensitivity and durability,could be employed to monitor fullrange human motions and assembled into some aligned devices for subtle pressure detection,providing enormous potential in facial expression and phonation recognition,handwriting verification,healthy diagnosis,and wearable electronics.

An Overview of Molecular Packing Mode in Two-Dimensional Organic Nanomaterials via Supramolecular Assembly

Two-dimensional(2D)organic nanomaterials are attracting increasing research interest and expected to be the ideal candidate for futureproofed flexible electronics and biotechnologies.Owing to the complex molecular structures and multiple intermolecular interactions in organic systems,deeper understanding of rational molecular design and assembly principles is urgently required.In this review,a collection of molecular packing mode in the 2D organic nanomaterials via supramolecular assembly is presented,so as to help explicit the relationship among molecular structures,supramolecular interactions and molecular packing motifs in 2D assembly systems.We also provide a rational and accessible schematic model to demonstrate several typical kinds of molecular packing motifs for the prediction of the 2D morphology.

De Novo Design of Polymeric Carrier to Photothermally Release Singlet Oxygen for Hypoxic Tumor Treatment

Intratumoral hypoxia extremely limits the clinic applications of photodynamic therapy(PDT).Endoperoxides allow thermally releasing singlet oxygen(1O_(2))in a defned quantity and ofer promising opportunities for oxygen-independent PDT treatment of hypoxic tumors.However,previous composite systems by combining endoperoxides with photothermal reagents may result in unpredicted side efects and potential harmful impacts during therapy in vivo.Herein,we de novo design an all-in-one polymer carrier,which can photothermally release 1O_(2).Te strategy has been demonstrated to efectively enhance the production of 1O_(2) and realize the photodamage in vitro,especially in hypoxic environment.Additionally,the polymer carrier accumulates into tumor afer intravenous injection via the enhanced permeation and retention efects and accelerates the oxygen-independent generation of 1O_(2) in tumors.Te oxidative damage results in good inhibitory efect on tumor growth.Realization of the strategy in vivo paves a new way to construct photothermal-triggered oxygen-independent therapeutic platform for clinical applications.

Rapid room-temperature synthesis of a porphyrinic MOF for encapsulating metal nanoparticles

While metal nanoparticles(NPs)have shown great promising applications as heterogeneous catalysts,their agglomeration caused by thermodynamic instability is detrimental to the catalytic performance.To tackle this hurdle,we successfully prepared a functional and stable porphyrinic metal-organic framework(MOF),PCN-224-RT,as a host for encapsulating metal nanoparticles by direct stirring at room temperature.As a result,Pt@PCN-224-RT composites with well-dispersed Pt NPs can be constructed by introducing pre-synthesized Pt NPs into the precursor solution of PCN-224-RT.Of note,the rapid and simple stirring method in this work is more in line with the requirements of environmental friendly and industrialization compared with traditional solvothermal methods.

A fluorescent Eu(Ⅲ) MOF for highly selective and sensitive sensing of picric acid

A metal-organic framework [Eu_3L_3(CH_3COO)_2(H_2O)_2(μ_3-OH)]·3 DMF,(EuL, H_2L=9H-carbazole-2,7-dicarboxylic acid,DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide) has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions and structurally characterized. In EuL,Eu_6O_8 clusters are four-bridged by carboxylates to form parallel-aligned Eu–O–C chains, which are further linked by the carbazole moieties of L^(2-) ligands to form the three-dimensional framework with rhombic channels. The EuL material with characteristic emission of Eu^(3+) ion exhibits significant luminescence quenching response for picric acid(PA) and the linear Stern-Volmer plot was observed in the concentration range of 0.05–0.15 mM with K_(sv) of 98074 M^(-1). As far as we know, this Ksv is among the highest values for COFs and MOFs in detection of PA. The excellent anti-interference ability and repeatability were also verified by experiments. Lastly, we investigated the luminescence quenching mechanism in the EuL sensing system.

The formation of perovskite multiple quantum well structures for high performance light-emitting diodes

Recent works showed that high efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes can be achieved from solution-processed,self-organized multiple quantum wells(MQWs)with an energy cascade.We investigate how the mixing of QWs with different band gaps can affect the perovskite LED device performance.We find that the annealing process can significantly affect the constitution of the MQWs films,where the dominant phase can evolve from large band gap QWs to small band gap QWs.The optimal constitution for LED application lies in a transition point of small-n QWs dominant phase to large-n QWs dominant phase,when the MQW film presents highest photoluminescence while still remains uniform film morphology.

Boosting Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Organic Conjugated Systems via Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer

Realizing a high luminescence dissymmetry factor(g_(lum))is a paramount yet challenging issue in the research field of circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).Here,we reported a novel set of organic conjugated systems with twisted intramolecular charge transfer(TICT)characteristics based on conjugated o-carborane-binaphthyl dyads composing of binaphthyl units as chiral electron donors and o-carborane units as achiral electron acceptors,demonstrating intense CPL with large g_(lum) values.Interestingly,single-crystalline o-1 exhibited a high-level brightness and a large g_(lum) factor as high as+0.13,whereas singlecrystalline o-2 processed a relatively low brightness with a decreased g_(lum) value to-0.04.The significant diversity of CPL-active properties was triggered by the selective introduction of o-carborane units onto the binaphthyl units.Benefiting from the large magnetic dipole transition moments in TICT states,the CPL activity of TICT o-carborane-based materials exhibited amplified circular polarization.This study provides an efficient molecular engineering strategy for the rational design and development of highly efficient CPL-active materials.