Advances in TCM Treatment of Gastric Cancer and Studies on the Apoptosis

The significance of apoptosis in gastric cancer is now widely recognized, and the induction of apoptosis as a new approach to treat gastric cancer has aroused great interest. In recent years, studies on certain TCM drugs for treating gastric cancer and for inducing apoptosis have brought about great attention both at home and abroad. The following is a summary made in this aspect.

Discussion on the TCM Treatment of Hypertension from Pathogenetic Viewpoints of Modern Medicine

The ideal hypotensive agent should possess three essentials, i.e. to depress the blood pressure surely and steadily, and to block the renin-angio-tensin system (RAS)(1). Currently, Western medical treatment could depress the blood pressure rapidly and surely through reducing blood volume and dilating blood vessels, while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) shows its superiorities in al-

Progress in the expression of P-glycoprotein in brain metastases of lung cancer andrelated TCM research

Brain metastases are common intracranial tumors, and their occurrence not only represents a high degree of malignancy, but also often is the major factor in treatment failure and poor prognosis. Primary site of brain metastases often occur in lung. P-glycoprotein is a member of the （ATP binding cassette） transporter superfamily,which is closely related to the development of lung metastases. It is the main reason for influencing the drug through the blood_brain barrier into the brain tissue, and it also is an important factor affecting the treatment of brain metastases. According to the theory of traditional chinese mddicine, the pathogenesis of brain metastases is due to phlegm, poison, stasis, virtual and so on. The principle of treatment is to promote blood circulation, remove phlegm turbidity. In recent years, the impact of Chinese herbal medicine on P-glycoprotein is increasing. This paper analyzes the mechanism and components of the relevant Chinese medicine on P-glycoprotein. It provides a reference for clinical rational drug use.

Study on Effect of Zhixinkang Capsule(脂欣康胶囊)in TreatingUnstable Effort Angina and Hyperlipidemia and Its Function in Vascular Endothelium Protection

Objective:To observe the clinical effect and protection of vascular endothelium of Zhixin-kang Capsule (ZXKC) in middle-aged and old people with unstable effort angina and hyperlipidemia. Methods: Sixty-five patients with unstable effort angina were randomly divided into ZXKC group (34 cases) and control group (31 cases). Conventional western medical therapy was given to both groups, with ZXKC group receiving additional ZXKC treatment. Data of 20 healthy persons were taken as normal group. Forty-eight patients with hyperlipidemia were divided into ZXKC group treated with ZXKC (31 cases) and control group treated with Yixintong (17 cases). The changes of clinical symptoms and laboratory indexes in all the patients were observed before and after treatment. Results: In patients with unstable effort angina, the efficacy of treatment of ZXKC, the withdrawal rate of nitroglycerin, the relieving of symptoms, the improvement of the electrocardiogram, the counts of circulating endothelial cells, the content of platelet P-selectin, the content of plasma endothelin (ET), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the activity of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were all better than those in the control group. In patients with hyperlipidemia, there was no significant difference in lipids reduction between ZXKC group and the control group. In both groups, the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipo-protein-cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] , ET, oxidized low density lipoprotein, MDA, arte-riosclerotic index (AI) all lowered obviously, while the SOD, HDL-C and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were all elevated markedly. In the ZXKC group, the nitric oxide(NO) increased significantly whereas the ET/CGRP and ET/NO decreased markedly. The total effective rate in symptom relieving, the markedly effective rate, the reduction of TC, ET and ET/CGRP, and the elevation of SOD in ZXKC group were all superior to those in the control group. Conclusion: ZXKC could effectively resist myocardial ischemia, relieve angina, reduce blood lipids, protect vascular endothelial cells, inhibit the activation of platelets, and resist lipid peroxidation.

Effect of Xiongshao Capsule (芎芍胶囊) on the Function of Vascular Endothelium of Patients with Cervical Atherosclerosis

Objective: To study the effect of Xiongshao Capsule (芎芍胶囊, XSC), a TCM herb that can promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis, on the endothelial dependent relaxation function, serum nitric oxide (NO), and plasma endothelin-KET-1) of the patients with cervical atherosclerosis. Methods: Forty patients were randomly divided into two groups; XSC group and Probucol group (western medicine control). In addition, 20 healthy people were set as a normal control group. Plasma ET-1, serum NO, the internal diameter of basal brachial artery, endothelial dependent flow mediated dilation (FMD) and non-endothelial dependent nitroglycerin induced dilation (NID) to the trial group before and after therapy and to the healthy control group were determined respectively. Results; Compared to the healthy control group, FMD of patients with atherosclerosis was damaged obviously, the serum NO level decreased, plasma ET-1 increased (P< 0. 01), NID also decreased (P<0. 05), the internal diameter of basal brachial artery has no obvious difference (P>0. 05). After the patients with atherosclerosis were treated with Xiongshao Capsule for 12 weeks, FMD increased evidently, plasma ET-1 decreased, serum NO and the ratio of NO/ET-1 increased, compared with the level before therapy and Probucol group, the difference was significant (P<0.05, P<0.01), NID didn't change obviously (P>0.05). Conclusion: XSC could regulate vascular activity factor and improve the function of endothelial dependent vascular dilation of patients with atherosclerosis.

The Research of Nanocrystallized Realgar for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

Objective: To observe the effects and mechanisms of nanocrystallized realgar for the treatment of skin cancer. Methods: The clinical part was observing the therapeutic effect for the skin ulceration by externally using the nanocrystallized realgar. The experimental part was culturing the human squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells (A431) in vitro environment, estimating the effects of proliferation and apoptosis of A431 by MTT method and flow cytometry, and observing the effects on the expression of Survivin, Caspase-3 by RT-PCR method. Results: External treatment with nanocrystallized realgar had a therapeutic effect for the skin ulceration;it can promote the ulcers of skin cancer and skin metastasis healing. The experiments confirmed that nanocrystallized realgar can inhibit the A431 proliferation, induce the cells apoptosis, promote the expression of Caspase-3 and reduce the expression of Survivin. And the experiments also found that the effects were in a concentration-dependent manner, and they have a synergistic effect with cis-Dichlorodiamineplatinum (DDP). Conclusions: External treatment with nanocrystallized realgar for the patients of skin cancer or skin metastasis achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects by inhibiting A431 proliferation and inducing these cells apoptosis. The mechanism might be associated with promoting the expression of Caspase-3 and reducing the expression of Survivin.

Research progress in the treatment of perimenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding with traditional Chinese and western medicine

In order to fully understand the research progress of Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of perimenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding,this paper reviews all kinds of research by referring to related literature reports at home and abroad.The results showed that western medicine mainly used hormone drugs,supplemented by surgery,but the clinical adverse reactions were more and the recurrence rate was higher;traditional Chinese medicine often obtained satisfactory results through the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine,syndrome differentiation,stage treatment,acupuncture and other treatment methods,with fewer adverse reactions and low recurrence rate,but the effect of sudden collapse and hemostasis was slower;the combination of Chinese and Western medicine can learn from each other and become The research focus in recent years is worthy of further discussion.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON 40 CASES OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS TREATED WITH ACUPUNCTURE AND CHINESE DRUGS

Objective： To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture plus Chinese herbal medicines for ankylceing Methods： A total of 80 cases of AS patients were evenly and randomly divided into treatment group and control group. In treatment group, patients were treated with acupuncture of Jiaji （夹脊 EX-B 2） and oral administration of Yishen Tongdu Won （益肾通督丸,Bolus for Reinforcing the Kidney and Dredging Governor Vessesl） and those of control group treated with oral administration of Sulfasalazin （0.5 g, twice daily）. Before and after treatment, the thoracic-dilaion scale, Schober test, Bath ankylceing spondylitis disease activity index （BASDAI）, Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index （BASFI）, erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR） and C-reaction protein （CRP） were detected separately. Results： After 6 months of treatment, of the both 40cases in treatment and control groups, 27 （67.5%） and 13 （32.5%） were improved remarkably, 11 （27.5%） and 16 （40.0%） effective, and 2 （5.0%） and 11 （27.5%） failed, with the effective rates being 95.0% and 72.5% separately. The therapeutic effect of treatment group was significantly superior to that of control group （P〈 0.05）. After treatment, the thoracicdilaion scale and Schober test values increased significantly （ P〈 0.05）, while BASDAI, BASFI, ESR and CRP lowered considerably （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. Comparison between two groups indicated that after treatment, the decreased values of BASDAI, BASFI, ESR and CRP of treatment group were significantly lower than those of control group （ P〈 0.01 ）, while those of the thoracio-dilaion scale and Schober test of treatment group were significantly higher than those of control group （ P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01 ）. Results displayed that both acupuncture combined with Chinese drugs and Sulfasalazin could lower BASDAI, BASFI, ESR and CRP, raise the thoracic-dilaion scale and Schober test values considerably in AS patients, and the therapeutic effect of combined acupunclure and Chinese drugs was apparently superior to that of Westem medicine. Conclusion： Joint application of acupuncture and Chinese drugs is superior to Western medicine in the therapeutic effect for AS and has fewer side effects.

Mechanisms of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in treating coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the common mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in treating coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes by network pharmacology.Methods:All chemical components and targets of the four drugs in Huanglian Jiedu Decoction were retrieved through TCMSP,and the genes were standardized through Uniprot database.Acquire disease targets related to coronary heart disease and diabetes in OMIM and GeneCards databases.The network diagram of"drug-component-target-disease"is constructed by using the software of cytopscape 3.7.2,the PPI network diagram of protein interaction is constructed by using STRING database,and the network diagram of"drug-disease"core target is constructed by using the software of cytopscape 3.7.2.DAVID's online database platform was used to analyze GO biological process and KEGG pathway enrichment of common targets of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in treating coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes.Results:103 active ingredients of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction were retrieved,including 140 acting targets,5342 coronary heart disease targets,114 diabetes targets,and 14 common intersection targets of drugs and diseases,involving AR,PPARG,TNF,IL6,CCL2,VEGFA,PON1,etc.The GO biological process analysis results in 98 biological processes,10 cell components and 10 molecular functions.Among them are positive regulation of gene expression,positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis process,Extracellular space,cytokine activity,steroid hormone receptor activity and other biological processes;The enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway yielded 20 signal pathways(P≤0.05).It mainly involves Malaria,cancer in cancer,HIF-1 signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,NOD-like receptor signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,etc.Conclusion:Huanglian Jiedu Decoction"treats different diseases at the same time"coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes have the characteristics of multiple components,multiple targets and multiple pathways,which provide theoretical basis for Huanglian Jiedu Decoction to treat coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes in clinic,but the key targets and pathways of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction to treat diseases still need further experimental verification.

Clinical Study on Effect of Xiaoyao Nose Drops (逍遥滴鼻液) in Stopping Episode of Migraine

Objective： To observe the effect of Xiaoyao Nose Drops （逍遥滴鼻液 , XYND） in stopping episode of migraine. Methods： Adopted was the randomized double-blinded placebo-controled method, with the 126 patients equally assigned to two groups, the treated group treated with XYND and the control group with placebo, and the therapeutic course was 30 days for all. The clinical total effective rate and effect in al- leviating headache were observed. And hemorrheological parameters as well as the blood flow of the anterior cerebral artery （ACA）, median cerebral artery （MCA） and posterior cerebral artery （PCA） were measured before and after treatment. Results： The clinical total effective rate and headache alleviating rate in the treated group were 93.33% and 96.67% respectively, while those in the control group were 18.33% and 20.00 % respectively, and comparison between the two groups showed significant difference （all P〈0.01）. The blood viscosity （high, middle and low shear）, plasma viscosity and fibrinogen got lowered significantly in the treated group after treatment, showing significant difference in comparison either with those before treatment or with those in the control group after treatment （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. The velocity of blood flow in all cerebral arteries lowered significantly, also showing significant difference in comparison either with those before treatment or with those in the control group after treatment （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion： XYND is effective in stopping the headache of patients with migraine, and worth applying in clinical practice.

Effect of Th1/Th2 balance on serum prostaglandin,COX-2,AVP and OT in primary dysmenorrhea rats with cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome

Objective:Explore the role of Th1/Th2 balance in the pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea through study the effect of Th1/Th2 balance drift on serum prostaglandin F_(2α),prostaglandin,6-keto-prostaglandin F_(1α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT in Primary Dysmenorrhea Rats with cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome.Method:The rat model of primary dysmenorrhea with cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome was established.On the basis of this model,Th1 shift model and Th2 shift model were established.The rats were divided into blank group,model group,Th1 shifting group and Th2 shifting group.The writhing reaction of rats in each group was compared,and the contents of PGF_(2α),PGE_(2),6-keto-PGF_(1α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT in serum were detected.Results:Writhing latency:There was no significant difference between Th1 and Th2 shifting groups(P>0.05),Th2 shifting group was shorter than Th1 shifting group(P<0.05).Writhing times in 30 minutes:Compared with the model group,the writhing times of Th1 shifting group decreased significantly(P<0.01),while Th2 shifting group increased significantly(P<0.01).Compared with the blank group,the contents of PGF_(2α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT were increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the contents of 6-keto-PGF_(1α)and PGE_(2)were decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the contents of PGF_(2α),TXB2,COX-2 and AVP in Th1 shifting group were decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the contents of 6-keto-PGF_(1α)and PGE_(2)were increased(P<0.01),while the contents of PGF_(2α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT in Th2 shifting group were increased(P<0.01),and the contents of 6-keto-PGF_(1α)and PGE_(2)were decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:The intervention of Th1/Th2 cell balance on the expression of PGF_(2α),PGE_(2),6-keto-PGF_(1α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT may be one of the pathogenesis of PD with cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome.

A Brief Discussion on the Concept of Location San Jiao

San Jiao is one of the most controversial concepts in traditional Chinese medicine.With the changes of history,the concept of San Jiao was developed into another concept,"Location San Jiao",on the basis of"Liu Fu San Jiao".However,the appearance of"Location San Jiao"makes the concept of San Jiao more complicated and controversial.This paper will explore from the origin of"Location San Jiao",analyze the origin of its argument,and discuss the problems in it,so as to preliminarily clarify the connotation of San Jiao conception.Through investigation,it is found that the"Location San Jiao"is actually the dissimilation of"Liu Fu San Jiao",and the three parts of"Liu Fu San Jiao"should be divided by functional features rather than anatomical structure.

On Theoretical Expositions of washback in Tests

This article is about the theoretical expositions of washback in test,which mainly describes the theoretical frameworks for washback studies.

Clinical Observation on Treatment of Acute Myelocytic Leukemia by Supplementing Qi, Nourishing Yin and Clearing Heat Principle

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of TCM with supplementing Qi, nourishing Yin and clearing heat principle (SQNYCH) combined with chemotherapy in treating myelocytic leukemia. Methods: One hundred and fourteen patients were randomly divided into the treated group (n= 68) and the control group (n= 46). To the treated group, SQNYCH was applied as the basic treatment, with combined chemotherapeutic protocol, using DA, HA and IA, to induce remission, and to the M3 patients, all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide were given. As for patients in the control group, only western medicine was administered. Results: In the treated group 49 patients (72.1%) were completely remitted, 9 (13.2%) partially remitted and the total remission rate being85. 3% , which was significantly different from that in the control group. After treatment, the blood and bone marrow picture were obviously improved in both groups, but the increase of hemoglobin and platelet were better in the treated group than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Immune functions were enhanced in both groups, but the elevation of CD4, CD4/CD8 ratio and NK cells were, higher in the treated group than those in the control group (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Conclusion: Application of SQNYCH principle in treating acute myelocytic leukemia could elevate the clinical efficacy, which is of great value in clinical practice.Original article on CJITWM (Chin) 2004(24(5):411

A Clinical Study of Yi Zhi Capsules in Prevention of Vascular Dementia

The raised score in the revised Hasegawa dementia scales (HDS) demonstrated that the effect of Yi Zhi Capsules (YZC) in treating loss of intellectual function after cerebrovascular diseases was significantly better than that of the western drug Piracetam (脑复康) (P<0.01). The morbidity of vascular dementia was much lower in the treatment group than that of the control group (P<0.05) after a one-year follow-up; and the blood lipid level and some indexes in rheological examinations were also improved significantly (P<0.05, or <0.01). The data indicate that YZC is a relatively good preparation for prevention of vascular dementia.

Progress in Study on Shen-invigorating Herbs Used in Promoting Follicular Development

The practice of stimulating follicular develop-ment by Shen-invigorating herbs is directed by tra-ditional Chinese medical theories of“the Shenstores essence of life and governs reproduction”

Using Three-Dimensional Lorenz Scatter Plots to Detect Patients with Atrioventricular Node Double Path Caused by Interpolated Ventricular Premature Systoles: A Case Study

A series of related electrophysiology phenomena can be caused by the occurrence of interpolated ventricular premature contraction.In our recent three-dimensional Lorenz R-R scatter plot research,we found that atrioventricular node double path caused by interpolated ventricular premature contraction imprints a specifi c pattern on three-dimensional Lorenz plots generated from 24-hour Holter recordings.We found two independent subclusters separated from the interpolated premature beat precluster,the interpolated premature beat cluster,and the interpolated premature beat postcluster,respectively.Combined with use of the trajectory tracking function and the leap phenomenon,our results reveal the presence of the atrioventricular node double conduction path.

Discussion on "Wei Qi Chu Shang Jiao"

Due to the different versions of Nei Jing have been published in the past,variant of records have shown the different explanation of the original source of Wei Qi,thus there are two popular options are still under debate,Shang Jiao and Xia Jiao.Our research has found that the core reason of above dispute is caused by the vague understanding of the meaning of"Chu".Based on the analysis of relevant text of Nei Jing and the character of Chu with the meaning of leaving,it is concluded that"Wei Qi Chu Shang Jiao".And it means Wei Qi has left Shang Jiao of Zang Fu system and following into Meridian system,according to Wei Qi's connotation of following and protecting.Shang Jiao is the original starting point of Wei Qi in circulation just as it is born.And Shang Jiao is the place where"the slippery and tough Qi of water and grain"has transformed its name into"Wei Qi",which is also the conjunction point that Wei Qi changing from Ti(ontology)into Yong(methodology).And it explains the theory of clinical application based on this view.

Randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial for integrated treatment of community-acquired pneumonia based on Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment based on syndrome differentiation ofTraditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) for community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).METHODS:A total of 240 CAP patients were randomly divided into the following two groups:thecontrol group was treated by anti-infection plus conventional medicine treatment;and the trial group was treated by TCM plus the above-mentioned treatment given to the controls.The course of treatment was 14 days,and the patients were followed up for 7 days.RESULTS:Of the 240 patients,235 accomplished the whole process of treatment.The five patients who withdrew from the study were brought into an intent-to-treat analysis.The therapeutic effects of the trial group were superior to those of the control group(P<0.01).The trial group took less time to become clinically stable,with a higher score in the quality of life(P<0.01).There were no significant differences in mortality rate(P>0.05),white blood cell count(P>0.05),bacterial clearance rate(P>0.05),and adverse reactions between the two integrated groups.CONCLUSION:Treatment based on TCM syndrome differentiation for CAP has the advantages of resulting in less time to achieve a stable clinical condition,improvement of clinical symptoms and quality of life,and is comparatively safe.

Expressions of VEGF and Ki-67 in Eutopic Endometrium of Patients with Endometriosis and Effect of Quyu Jiedu Recipe (祛瘀解毒方) on VEGF Expression

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of Quyu Jiedu Recipe （祛瘀解毒方,QJR） in treating endometriosis （EM）, and to explore the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and cell proliferative nucleoprotein antigen （Ki-67）, their changes before and after treatment and the clinical significance in the trial. Methods： Fifty patients of EM were randomly assigned to two groups. The 26 patients in the Q JR group were treated with Q JR, and the 24 patients in the gestrinone （GT） group with gestrinone. Besides, a normal control group with 20 healthy women was set up. The therapeutic effects in the two treated groups were compared. Expressions of VEGF and Ki-67 in eutopic endometrium of all subjects （with both patients and healthy women at the median secretive phase） were determined with immunohistochemical stain before treatment, and the determination in the two treated groups was repeated after 3-month treatment in the same phase. Results： Before treatment, the VEGF and Ki-67 expression positive rates and their mean optic density （MOD） were higher in patients than in healthy women （P〈0.05）. After treatment, the positive rate and MOD of VEGF expression lowered significantly than before treatment （P〈0.05）, but those of Ki-67 changed insignificantly, and comparison between the two treated groups showed no significant difference （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Q JR could markedly improve the symptoms of menorrhagia and menstrual disorder, and its mechanism might be related with the lowering of eutopic endometrial VEGF expression. VEGF and Ki-67 show a high expression in eutopic endometrium of patients with EM.