Suitability evaluation of regional coastal ecotourism based on SOM neural network model: a case study of Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai and Rizhao of Shandong Province

Development of coastal ecotourism has been a,focus of Shandong government, and the suitability evaluation of regional eoastai ecotourism is crucial for the reasonable plan and sustainable development of Shandong coastal ecotourism. By using MATLAB language to establish a SOM neural network model, this＇ paper evaluates the eoastal ecotourism suitability of four regions, Qingdao. Yantai, Weihai and Rizhao of Shandong Province and divides 33 subordinate regions of those four cities into four categories, i.e. regions poorly suitable for ecotourism resources, regions highly suitable for coastal ecotourism, regions secondly suitable for coastal ecotourism, regions ordinarily suitable.for coastal ecotourism, Related suggestions on development of regional coastal ecotourism have been given in the final conclusions.

Measuring regional ecotourism competitiveness of Shandong Province based on Factor Analysis

Shandong Province is abundant in ecological resources to develop regional ecotourism.By using factor analysis method to analyze all possible influencing factors on regional ecotourism industry competitiveness,this article assesses 17 sample regions' competitiveness of ecotourism industry in Shandong.The regional ecotourism industry competitiveness is divided into two aspects:current competitiveness and potential competitiveness.13 indexes are to analyze current competitiveness and 7 indexes to analyze potential competitiveness respectively.Relative suggestions are given as well.

Optimization and competition promotion of industrial structure in Blue Shandong Peninsula Economic Zone

Blue economic zone is a typical regional economic mode,which is specially characterized by marine economy and has multiple economic types coexisting and interacting through integrating marine and land resources.With the continuous progress of science and technology,marine economy as a strategy to promote economic development is approved in many countries.The Blue Shandong Peninsula Economic Zone(BSPEZ) reflects the local demands of economic development,and its upgrading and enhancing competitiveness of the industrial structure is also of obvious significance for enhancement of the development of eastern China and the national marine economy.This paper thinks that the BSPEZ has many advantages,such as unique marine economy,growing high-tech industries,more and more mature industrial system,advancing technological innovation,and outstanding big enterprises,large projects and regional bright brands,but it is also facing problems of low industry cluster,similar industrial structure with each other,still weak technological innovation.So we put forwards the basic approaches to upgrade and enhance the industrial structure:transforming and upgrading the traditional marine industries with advantages,accelerating the development of new marine industries and high-tech industries,integrating marine and land industry,and promoting the rational system arrangements.

Study on environmental logistics based on sustainable development: a case study of Shandong Province

Traditional logistics takes economic interest as the final goal. The frequency and changes of logistics activities have brought severe negative effects to the environment. At present, logistics industry has become the dominant industry in the third industries, and it is also the main driver for economic development. As more emphasis has been attached to the philosophy of sustainable development, low carbon emission and environmental protection, environmental logistics has become the trend of logistics management. In this paper, basic theories of logistics, development economics etc. are employed, the dialectical relationship between environmental logistics and sustainable development are analyzed through statistics, and proposals are put forward to develop environmental logistics.

Policy variables affecting marginal level of low carbon employment: an empirical study based on provincial data of China

Low Carbon Employment is an inevitable choice for the purpose of ＂energy-saving and emission reduction＂ and ＂promoting employment＂. By Multi-variable Linear Backward Regression method, this study presents an empirical analysis of the emplovment impact of policy variables indexes that involves economic pull, industry upgrading, population development, technical inputs and so on. The paper demonstrates that wide range offactors will affect low carbon employment, that industry upgrading will affect how carbon employment remarkably, that to increase years of people education will notably improve low carbon employment level of secondary vocational-technical labor, and that to raise technical inputs will significantly enhance college students＇ low carbon employment.

Financial crisis and sustainable development of Chinese manufacturing industry

Sub-prime lending crisis has become an international fi nancial crisis, which is evolving into an economic recession sweeping across the West. Financial crisis leads to the demand reduction in western countries, and as the largest manufacturing country, China must face overproduction. The role of China as "world factory" determines that fi nancial crisis will severely attack Chinese manufacturing industry. The unsustainable development of Chinese manufacturing industry is mainly reflected in the following aspects: heavy dependence on export, low-level manufacturing link, lack of modern service industry and high-tech industry, weak independent innovative ability, unsustainable exploration of heavy-pollution resources, and lack of international famous brands. How to transform crisis to opportunities is an urgent research topic. Under the circumstance of financial crisis, Chinese manufacturing industry has more external drives to change the current situation. Therefore, financial crisis becomes not only an opportunity for Chinese manufacturing industry to improve itself based on the existing accumulation but also a chance for China to transform from "world factory" into a powerful nation of manufacturing industry in the world.

Research on layout of China leisure agriculture based on sustainable development

Leisure agriculture is a new form of agricultural production and management in the course of agricultural structure adjustment.It is an aggregation of agricultural production and tourism,high-tech and traditional agriculture,agricultural value and regional cultural values.There is the inseparable relationship between Leisure agriculture and sustainable development.Four agricultural areas of China have rich but different agricultural and tourist resources,by which different types of leisure agriculture can be layed out.It is important to make a right orientation for leisure agriculture in various agricultural areas for sustainable development of agriculture in China.

Energy efficiency and economic growth of China:1953-2006

Energy plays an important role in the economic life. With the rapid development of economy, the constraint of energy on the sustainable development of economy is becoming more and more obvious. This paper just Studies the factors influencing energy efficiency of China and the relationship between energy efficiency and China＇s economic： growth. By using time series multivariable linear regression methods with China＇s relevant data from 1953 to 2006, this paper constructs the regression model to analyze the factors that would impact energy, efficiency. After that, a regression model of China＇s real output to capital, labor and energy e lficiency is conducted to estimate the marginal contribution of every factor to the real output to prove the fundamental influence of energy efficiency to the economic growth. In the end, some policies and recommendations are also put forward in order to improve the energy efficiency; of China.

Protection and Innovative Development of Marine Ecological Cultural Heritage in China

The marine ecological cultural heritage demonstrates tiie long-standing wisdom of human marine ecological culture. Its effective protection and inheritance is a continuation of the traditional marine ecological lifestyle, and is also an important impetus to the current construction of marine ecological civilization in China. The paf ticipation and interaction of cultural origins should be pfomoted, system protection management systems should be continuously improved, policies, reguktions and supporting mechanisms should be improved, and scientific evaluation mechanisms should be established, gradually realizing innovative development.

The Lack of Afterlife and Its Effects on Chinese Economic Behavior

It is widely recognized that each culture has a specific effect on the economic development. Based on Chinese culture which can be characterized as lack of afterlife, the pattern of Chinese economic development has distinctive features relative to the economy of the Western world, even to that of Japan and Korea. This paper argues that culture influences economic development through two paths： One is that some cultural factors, as certain institutions, have effects on cost, especially transaction costs. Another point is that culture forms people＇s preferences and influences people＇s choices. With the influences of Chinese culture, Chinese have a weak sense for legal obedience and strong inclination for ＂free riding＂, this would increase social transaction costs. The family centered tradition of Chinese society results in Chinese features such as being good at individual struggles but poor at cooperation, the alienation between civil society and government, a strong sense for competition and a weak sense for legal obedience, seeing material wealth as important and neglecting scientific innovation. Traditional Chinese culture also has effects on the developmental pattern of Chinese enterprises

The Protection and Suggestion of the East Asian Maritime Cultural Routes Heritage

It is of great practical significance to study and protect the East Asian Maritime Cultural Routes Heritage. This is conducive to a profound understanding of the spirit of the East Asian region, especially traditional Chinese marine culture, and the maintenance of peace and order in East Asia and the world as a whole. But at present, some problems increase the difficulty for the protection of East Asian Maritime Cultural Routes Heritage, for example, improper development and utilization in the process of urbanization, imperfection of the management mechanism, multiplicity of the ownership of the estate. Propose to carry out a survey of the East Asian Maritime Cultural Routes Heritage as soon as possible, build regional integration cooperation mechanism, improve the marine cultural heritage protection technology, perfect the relevant laws and regulations.

Input and output efficiency of urban agglomerations in China using DEA multi-stage model

In this study, we apply the data envelopment analysis(DEA) model to quantitatively measure the input and output efficiency of 19 urban agglomerations in China from 2011 to 2016. The results show that the input and output efficiency of urban agglomerations is relatively not high, only a small number of that reach the optimal DEA efficiency. It is clearly revealed that there are the regions from the east that presents the better performance, followed by regions from the central and the west. The peer counts show that Zhusanjiao is taken into account 12 times which shows the importance here of the Zhusanjiao model.Considering the values for radial movements and the slack movements, respective urban agglomeration has their improving orientation towards the capital slack, the labor slack or the land slack. It offers a scientific decision-making of for healthy urbanization and high quality development.

Assessing economic performance of the three major urban agglomerations in China by using Malmquist productivity index

Forty years of reform and opening up,China has become to the world’s second-largest economy with great success.However,it is an undoubted actuality that the economic mode of Chinese development is still at the extensive stage.China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth phase to a high-quality development phase.In this study,we analyzed three major urban agglomerations’total factor productivity index dynamically by means of Malmquist productivity i?ndex method.The results showed that MPI of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration was the highest,as the reasons of the effectiveness of dual-wheel driving both the technology progress and the cluster scale.The mean of MPI of Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration was fallen into decline by an average of 1.3%annually due to the rate of increase of the size of the cluster towards to optimal frontier was inferior to the relative risk reduction of technology progress.Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration MPI declined by an average of 2.2%annually as a result of the contribution of technology progress reducing.The study of the economic performance of three major urban agglomerations provides a theoretical basis and important practical value for urban development of high quality optimization.

Promoting integrated development of marine ranching and offshore renewable energy in China

The integrated development of marine ranching and offshore renewable energy is a new development mode of marine industry which develops and uses marine resources intensively and ecologically.China has taken the lead in carrying out active exploration,which is of great significance for implementing the concept of green development,seizing the opportunity of Marine economic development and promoting the construction of modern marine ranching.However,in the initial stage of integrated development,in order to ensure sustainable development,it is necessary to focus on the major problems that have emerged or may arise in the areas of ecological protection,technology research and development,financial support and policy support.To solve or prevent these problems,we should strengthen policy toplevel design,policy innovation,international cooperation and first-mover advantage.

Differentiation and restructuring-new space for development of urban center area:a case study of Shizhong District of Ji'nan City

Taking the development tendency of current world industrial development as the background, this paper restructures the internal space of urban center area by illustrating reasons for internal space differentiation of urban center area, that is to say, according to the tertiary industry interior's high-end of value chain after convergence among the primary, the secondary and the tertiary industries, the space structure of urban center area will form the space development mode with characteristic modern service industry cluster districts through vertical segmentation, horizontal derivatization and block aggregation and realize perfect space renewal of urban center area in the end.

Supply of ecological products based on heterogeneity of public goods

Ecological products belong to public products. According to the characteristic heterogeneity of public products, they can be classified into pure public products and quasi-public products including "common-pool goods", "club goods" and "conditioned goods". Guided by the theory of public products supply and based on national conditions, this paper thinks that an ecological product supply model should be formed, which is led by the government and coordinated allocation of public resources between the government and the market in China. Some of the pure public goods are supplied by the government by the way of "environmental regulation + property rights market" and ecological compensation; some of the quasi-public goods are supplied by the market by the way of franchising and ecological purchasing.

Temporal and spatial pattern of land use change in Ji’nan since the late 1980s

Taking Ji’nan as a case study area,this paper aims to analyze the land use changes from late 1980s to 2010 by using remote sensing data.The geographic information systems(GIS)method and land use transfer matrix methods were used to calculate the temporal and spatial differences of land use change.From the analysis of the land use transfer matrix,the most significant change is the cultivated land being transferred to construction land.From late 1980s to 2010,a total of 20615 hectares of cultivated land had been converted to construction land,accounting for 11.04%of the cultivated land in all.Through the analysis of the factors of land use transition,the human dimensions that had influenced the land use changes were population factor and economy factor.

Research on the sustainable development of ecotourism in protected areas:a review

Due to the unique function of protected areas in species and nature resources conservation,sustainability has become the primary consideration in the development of ecotourism in protected areas.This paper focuses on this issue,and reviews the current literatures in this field,tries to give a comprehensive review which can also be organized in logical sense,classifies three major paradigms about the current research:research on the development of ecotourism in protected areas,research on the external indicators which affect the sustainability of ecotourism in protected areas,researches on the assessment of sustainability of ecotourism in protected areas,and finally points out that the further study in this field must be carried out by inter-disciplines,such as cultural economics and ecological economics.

Analysis on the green development of urban agglomeration in the Yellow River basin

After the ecological protection and high quality development of the Yellow River basin became the national strategy,the new idea of river basin development with urban agglomeration as the main body was clarified.Promoting high-quality development of urban clusters in the Yellow River Basin is not only an important practice of the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature,but also conducive to exploring new paths of high-quality development that can be copied and popularized.In the process of promoting development,we should adhere to the principle of overall planning and differentiated development.On the basis of constantly improving cross-regional environmental administrative coordination,strengthening the radiation driving role of central cities,and establishing and improving the cross-regional ecological compensation mechanism,we should adopt different measures according to the requirements of ecological priority and green development,so as to form a new competitive advantage that is both unified and distinctive.

The effects of local government investment on economic growth and employment: evidence from transitional China

Based on the panel data of 28 provinces in the year of 1987-2001, this paper examines the effects of the local government investment on economic growth and employment. The empirical result shows that the local government investment plays a significant positive role in economic growth and employment. However, while the proportion of local government investment to GDP had a remarkable rise after 1998, the elasticity of local government investment on economic growth declined, which shows that there is a big room for raising the efficiency of local government investment. Moreover. the empirieal examination shows that although local government investment had positive effect on employment, the elasticity had a decrease after 1994 when the tax-sharing system reform was put into practice. This shows that the positive role of local government investment on employment is also limited This paper argues that the role of local governments as investors must be weakened, and local governments of different levels should lessen direct economic intervention and concentrate on public regulation.