Effects of a Potential Autochthonous Probiotic Bacillus subtilis 2-1 on the Growth and Intestinal Microbiota of Juvenile Sea Cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus Selenka

The effects of Bacillus subtilis 2-1 from the intestine of healthy sea cucumber on the growth, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal microbiota of juvenile sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) were determined in the present study. Sea cucumber was fed with Sargassum thunbergii powder supplemented with B. subtilis 2-1 at different concentrations varying among 0(control), 10~5, 10~7, and 10~9 CFU g^(-1) for 8 weeks. Results showed that the growth performance and intestinal amylase and trypsin activities were significantly increased by dietary B. subtilis 2-1 at 10~9 CFU g^(-1)(P < 0.05). However, dietary B. subtilis 2-1 had no significant influence on the lipase activity in sea cucumber(P > 0.05). The polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that dietary B. subtilis 2-1 at 105 and 107 CFU g^(-1) inhibited most of the Proteobacteria including those in genus Vibrio. Dietary B. subtilis 2-1 at 10~9 CFU g^(-1) not only decreased the abundance and species of genus Vibrio, but also increased the intensity of genera Psychrobacter and Bacillus. A specific dosage of dietary B. subtilis 2-1 could increase the growth and modulate the intestinal microbiota of sea cucumber; thus it might be a novel probiotic for keeping the health of sea cucumber.

Identification of a novel gain-of-function mutant allele,slr1-d5,of rice DELLA protein

Controling the height of crops plays a crucial role for their yields. The large scale utilization of semi-dwarf varieties has greatly improved crop yield, providing an effective support for world food security. In rice, a main food for over half of the world’s population, a number of dwarf loci have been identiifed. However, most of them are recessive, such as the ‘green revolution’ genesd1. To gain more beneifcial loci for rice breeding programs, exploring new mutations is needed, especialy the dominant loci which can be used broadly for hybrid breeding. Here, we isolated a novel dominant dwarf rice mutant, slr1-d5. Al of the internodes ofslr1-d5are reduced. We ifnd that the responsiveness ofslr1-d5to gibberelin （GA）, GA3, was signiifcantly reduced. Map-based cloning revealed that the dominant dwarifsm ofslr1-d5was caused by an amino acid substitution in the N-terminal TVHYNP domain of rice DELLA protein, SLR1, where the conserved amino acid Pro （P） was substituted to His （H）. Our ifndings not only further prove the pivotal role of TVHYNP motif in regulating SLR1 stability, but also provide a new dwarf source for improvement of rice germplasms.

Current Situation of Fan Symbolic Consumption by Undergraduate

Inspired by consumerism in postmodern consuming society,people's consumption is not the value of products and service,but their symbolic fuction.Consumerism,formed in the western capitalist,has been constantly stimulating people's strong desire to consume as a concept of value and way of life,through the mass media.As a significant and special Youth group,young undergraduate has played a key role in stimulating consumption,especially for those undergraduate fans.As an important phenomenon of Youth Subculture,their idolatry has greatly influenced their ideology and behavior toward consumption,such as idolatry brand consumption and individual consumption.As a new generation,those college students consume rather than survival conditions.More and more are paying attention to behave self-value.They desire a new consumption image and wish to show self identity.