Advance in Effect of Veterinary Drug Residues on Ecological Environment

Thousands of tons of pharmaceutically active substances are used in veterinary medicines in intensive livestock and poultry production, but most of the drugs are poorly absorbed by animals and excreted with the animal feces. The veterinary medicines can cause various kinds of harmful impact to the environment. Now the relevant research has been a hot all over the world. With the feces excreted to the environment, the veterinary medicines can be accumulated in the soil and water, and produce all sorts of reaction. Some medicines can cause toxic effect to animals, plants and microorganisms. The article summarized the residue, the environmental impact, the transformation and the development direction of the veterinary medicine in the environment to supply frame of reference for further research.

Role and Effects of Eucommia ulmoides Leaves in the Growth Process of Livestock and Poultry

Substitutes of feed antibiotics have been a key research topic in the new stage of animal husbandry.Chinese veterinary medicine refers to decoction pieces and their preparations processed from natural plants,animals,and minerals and used for animal disease prevention and improvement of animal production performance under the guidance of Chinese veterinary pharmacy theory.Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract has many active functional components such as chlorogenic acid,E.ulmoides polysaccharides and flavonoids,which have many biological properties such as antibacterial,antioxidant,immune-regulation,sugar ester-and bone metabolism-regulation effects.This paper explored active ingredients and biological properties of E.ulmoides leaf extract,as well as its role and effects in livestock and poultry breeding,providing a scientific basis for the use of E.ulmoides leaves in livestock and poultry breeding.

Research Progress of Active Ingredients and Pharmacological Action of Honeysuckle

Honeysuckle, the dry flower bud or with open flower of Lonicerajaponica in caprifoliaceae, has been touted as a cure-all for heat-clearing and detoxifying effect. Honeysuckle contains abundant components such as volatile oil, flavonoids and organic acids, playing the role of antibiosis, antivirus, antiphlogosis, immunopotenfiation and antioxidation. The active ingredients and pharmacological action of honeysuckle are reviewed in the paper, so as to lay the foundation for further application of honeysuckle in veterinary clinic.

Advances in Laboratory Diagnostic Methods for Duck Circovirus Infection

Duck circovirus infection is an immunosuppressive disease that is characterized by growth retardant and odd deaths. Its infection is usually combined with other pathogens, making the clinical diagnosis more difficult. With the rapid development of molecular biological and immunological technologies, the laboratory diagnostic methods for duck circovirus infection also advance greatly. The paper summarizes the research advances in various laboratory detection methods for duck cireovirus infection including PCR, nested PCR, multiple PCR, fluorescence quantitative PCR, LAMP, nucleic acid probe and ELISA, as well as their ad- vantages and shortages, aiming at providing reference for finding novel detection methods and for the diagnosis and comprehensive prevention and control.

In Vitro Antibacterial Test of Alkaline Hydrogen Water on Four Kinds of Common Pathogenic Microorganisms

[Objective] The paper was to investigate in vitro antibacterial effect of alkaline hydrogen water on Escherichia coli,Salmonella,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.[Method] With Cortex cinnamomi extract（1 g/m L） and pure water as the control,the minimal inhibitory concentrations（MIC） against four kinds of common pathogenic microorganisms were tested through microdilution method.[Result] When the alkaline hydrogen water was diluted to 1/8 times of the original concentration,it had significant antibacterial effects on four kinds of common mi-croorganisms with the concentration of 1.5 ×10^5 CFU/m L,which had equivalent effect with C.cinnamomi extract group.[Conclusion]The alkaline hydrogen water has remarkable antibacterial effects on the four kinds of common microorganisms,which may provide a new important way for pre-venting disease occurrence and reducing the harms of pathogenic microorganisms.

Harms of Mycotoxins to Animals and Research Progress of Detection Methods

Mycotoxin is widely distributed in various feedstuffs and feeds of animals.Mycotoxin not only causes feed deterioration,but also leads to various diseases of animals,or even results in acute toxic death,causing great harm to the breeding industry.In this paper,the harm of mycotoxin to animals and its detection methods in feed and animals are summarized and analyzed,so as to provide the reference basis for further improving the detection methods of mycotoxin and reducing the harm of mycotoxin to breeding industry.

Determination of Doxycycline in Doxycycline Hydrochloride Soluble Powder under Different Chromatographic Conditions

[Objectives]This study was conducted to compare the accuracy and detection speed of high performance liquid chromatography for determining the content of doxycycline hydrochloride in doxycycline hydrochloride soluble powder under different chromatographic conditions, in order to improve the level of laboratory testing. [Methods] Four sets of experiments were designed through a cross-test method. The contents of doxycycline hydrochloride in the raw materials of doxycycline hydrochloride and doxycycline hydrochloride soluble powder were determined by changing the chromatographic column and mobile phase conditions, and the feasibility and practicability of the four methods were judged by comparing the detection results through data and chromatographic signal processing. [Results] The content of doxycycline hydrochloride in finished doxycycline hydrochloride soluble powder and the raw materials of doxycycline hydrochloride could be accurately determined under the four chromatographic conditions, of which the experimental group using Agilent C18 column and the mobile chromatography conditions of finished doxycycline hydrochloride soluble powder had the shortest retention time. [Conclusions] The high performance liquid chromatography method using Agilent C18 chromatographic column and mobile phase chromatographic conditions of finished doxycycline hydrochloride soluble powder products can quickly and accurately determine the content of doxycycline hydrochloride in doxycycline hydrochloride soluble powder.

Mutation Breeding of Lactobacillus and Its Application in Yoghurt

With the gradual improvement of the quality of people’s life, the disorder of lipid metabolism caused by high-fat diet has become the main reason that affects the health of our people. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia have the effect of causing a large number of serious complications, and are also the main factors of cardiovascular disease. Lactic acid bacteria can avoid hyperlipidemia by inhibiting the excessive growth of harmful intestinal bacteria, maintaining the balance of intestinal microecology, absorbing intestinal cholesterol and regulating lipid metabolism. Therefore, this paper focused on the mutation and breeding of Lactobacillus, and analyzed its application in yoghurt, aiming to provide reference for relevant researchers.

Research Advances in Detection Techniques of High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Refractive Index Detector

As a highly sensitive and stable detector,refractive index detector is usually used for quantitative detection of substances such as polymer,sugar and organic acid. The research reviewed the application of HPLC-RID in the fields of quantitative determination of medicine and food,in order to lay a foundation for wider use of RID.

Isolation and Identification of Sheep Pseudorabies Virus

In a sheep farm with mixed culture of pig and sheep in Shandong Province,sheep were attacked by a disease featured by foaming at the mouth,neurological symptoms and partial hair slip of legs,and the mortality of the disease was as high as 100%.In order to determine the pathogen,dead sheep were analyzed through pathogen isolation,PCR assay and direct immunofluorescence identification,and the pathogen was confirmed as pseudorabies virus（PRV）.Sequencing results showed that the g E gene of the isolated strain shared the homology of 97%-99% with the nucleotide sequence of known PRV genome in the NCBI databases,suggesting the isolate was PRV.The virus had obvious cytopathic effect through BHK cell line passage till the seventh generation,and the amount of half virus tissue cell infection（TCID50） was 1×107.5/m L following ReedMuench method.Two healthy sheep with the body weight of 20 kg were injected with the viral fluid of the isolate,and typical symptoms of pseu-dorabies（PR） were observed after 4 d.According to clinical symptoms and PCR diagnosis results,the epidemic situation of sheep farm was effec-tively controlled through comprehensive measures such as eliminating swinery in the farm,strengthening disinfection of pigsty,injecting sick sheep with pseudorabies serum,supplementing healthy sheep herb with antivirus traditional medicine Qiqing Baidu granule.

Disinfection Effects and Clinical Application of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate Powder on Bacteria

With the continuous increase of large-scale pig farms,the disinfection of pig farm environment plays an extremely important part in the control and prevention of pig farm diseases in high-density breeding environment.As an important breeding place for pig farms,the farrowing house must be performed with scientific and standardized disinfection.In this paper,different disinfection modes were used to disinfect the empty farrowing houses of pig farms,and the total plate count,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and fungi were used as detection indicators to comprehensively evaluate the disinfection effect of the air microorganisms and the surface of the objects in the empty house after disinfection,with the aim to provide a basis for the establishment of a scientific pig farm environmental disinfection model.

Bactericidal Effect and Clinical Application of 20% Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate Powder

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the formulation stability of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder and its killing effect on common pathogenic bacteria in the animal breeding environment and to provide a scientific basis for veterinary clinical application. [Methods] The stability of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder was tested through an accelerated test and a long-term test. In the accelerated test, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder and sodium hypochlorite were stored in 37 ℃ constant temperature incubators for 90 d, and the available chlorine contents were compared. In the long-term test, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder was sealed and stored at room temperature, and its effective chlorine content and pH were measured regularly. In order to test its bactericidal effect in clinical use, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder, lime milk and 5% dilute glutaraldehyde solution were sprayed in groups to disinfect empty sheds in a pig farm, and the total colony count, Escherichia coli colony count, Staphylococcus aureus colony count and fungal colony count were used as testing indexes to comprehensively evaluate the disinfection effects on microorganisms in the air of the empty sheds and the surface of objects inside the sheds after disinfection. [Results] The 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder had an available chlorine loss rate of 7.92% in the accelerated test, and the loss rates of available chlorine content and pH of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder in the long-term test(240 d) were 1.52% and 1.87% at room temperature, respectively. In the test to detect the sterilization effects on the pig farm, the total colony count, E. coli colony count, S. aureus colony count and fungal colony count of samples treated with 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder were lower than those of other two groups(P<0.05), and the total colony count of samples disinfected with 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder after cleaning the dirt was 20 times lower than that of samples disinfected directly without cleaning. In conclusion, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder was stable and effective in disinfection, and the presence of organic matter had little effect on the disinfection effect. [Conclusions] This study will provide important reference for the application of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder in veterinary clinic.

Application Research Progress of Amino Acid Chelated Iron in Pig Nutrition

As an essential trace element for pigs,iron is very important for pig production,and plays an important role in sow performance,growth and development of piglets,metabolic process and physiological defense[1-3].Iron is a cofactor of catalase in the body’s anti-oxidation system,which plays an important role in preventing lipid oxidation and maintaining meat flavor.Iron is an indispensable activator of enzymes involved in redox reaction,such as superoxide dismutase(SOD).

Separation and Preliminary Identification of Intestinal Probiotics of Laying Hens

[Objective] The paper was to isolate and identify probiotics in the intestine of laying hens. [Method] The intestinal probiotics in laying hens at peak period were isolated using conventional separation methods; the physical and chemical properties of target strains and in vitro antibacterial effects were measured. Moreover, the safety test of chicks was conducted. [Result] Four strains of lactobacillus were isolated from the jejunum of laying hens, including Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus acidophilus, L. delbrueckii subsp. Delbrueckii and L. delbrueckii subsp. Lactis, and their inhibition zone diameters were 18.30, 16.07, 11.45, 17.26 mm, respectively. One strain of Lactobacillus, L. brevis, was isolated from the cecum, with the inhibition zone diameter of 10.26 mm. Three strains of bacillus were isolated from the cecum, including Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus and B. licheniformis, and their inhibition zone diameters were 9.25, 8.46 and 8.37 mm, respectively. Daily drinking 2 billion units of viable bacteria was the safe dosage for chicks. [Conclusion] Eight strains of probiotics had certain inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli O;, and had no toxic side effects to chicks. Lactobacillus had strong antibacterial effect on E. coli O;, while the antibacterial effect of bacillus was relatively weak.