Analysis of the Characteristics and Development Direction of Services Trade in Shandong Province of China

Shandong is a significant province for foreign trade in China;however,it still faces shortcomings in the development of its service trade,as outlined below.Firstly,the scale of service trade is limited.Shandong’s service trade volume ranked sixth in China in 2022,lagging considerably behind Shanghai,Guangdong,Beijing,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu.Secondly,the proportion of service trade in Shandong compared to the overall national services trade volume falls below the national average,with the per capita scale even lower than the national average.Thirdly,Shandong’s service trade accounts for less than 10% of the province’s foreign trade,which is 3 percentage points below the national average.The insufficient development of Shandong’s service trade is mainly attributed to the weak performance of its own service industry and the limited scale of attracting foreign services investment.Accelerating the development of producer services in Shandong,promoting the intelligent upgrading of consumer services,and continuously promoting reform and opening up in the service sector will be conducive to achieving high-quality development of services trade in Shandong.

Decoupling scenario of economic growth and ecological environment pressure and influence factors of carbon emissions in Shandong Province

Based on the panel data of 17 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province from 2007 to 2016,this paper studies the decoupling relationship between economic growth and ecological environment pressure in different prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province,and analyses the influencing factors by using decoupling model and LMDI decomposition model.It concludes that the economic growth of the main cities in Shandong Province is relatively decoupled from the pressure of ecological environment;the population and economic factors are the main factors leading to the increase of carbon emissions,and the energy efficiency is constantly improving in China,which contributes to carbon emissions reduction in those areas.On the side,it demonstrates the basis and realistic possibility of the transformation of new and old kinetic energy.

Detection and classification of breast lesions using multiple information on contrast-enhanced mammography by a multiprocess deep-learning system: A multicenter study

Objective: Accurate detection and classification of breast lesions in early stage is crucial to timely formulate effective treatments for patients. We aim to develop a fully automatic system to detect and classify breast lesions using multiple contrast-enhanced mammography(CEM) images.Methods: In this study, a total of 1,903 females who underwent CEM examination from three hospitals were enrolled as the training set, internal testing set, pooled external testing set and prospective testing set. Here we developed a CEM-based multiprocess detection and classification system(MDCS) to perform the task of detection and classification of breast lesions. In this system, we introduced an innovative auxiliary feature fusion(AFF)algorithm that could intelligently incorporates multiple types of information from CEM images. The average freeresponse receiver operating characteristic score(AFROC-Score) was presented to validate system’s detection performance, and the performance of classification was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC). Furthermore, we assessed the diagnostic value of MDCS through visual analysis of disputed cases,comparing its performance and efficiency with that of radiologists and exploring whether it could augment radiologists’ performance.Results: On the pooled external and prospective testing sets, MDCS always maintained a high standalone performance, with AFROC-Scores of 0.953 and 0.963 for detection task, and AUCs for classification were 0.909[95% confidence interval(95% CI): 0.822-0.996] and 0.912(95% CI: 0.840-0.985), respectively. It also achieved higher sensitivity than all senior radiologists and higher specificity than all junior radiologists on pooled external and prospective testing sets. Moreover, MDCS performed superior diagnostic efficiency with an average reading time of 5 seconds, compared to the radiologists’ average reading time of 3.2 min. The average performance of all radiologists was also improved to varying degrees with MDCS assistance.Conclusions: MDCS demonstrated excellent performance in the detection and classification of breast lesions,and greatly enhanced the overall performance of radiologists.

Mathematical modeling of mixed convective MHD Falkner-Skan squeezed Sutterby multiphase flow with non-Fourier heat flux theory and porosity

In a wide variety of mechanical and industrial applications,e.g.,space cooling,nuclear reactor cooling,medicinal utilizations(magnetic drug targeting),energy generation,and heat conduction in tissues,the heat transfer phenomenon is involved.Fourier’s law of heat conduction has been used as the foundation for predicting the heat transfer behavior in a variety of real-world contexts.This model’s production of a parabolic energy expression,which means that an initial disturbance would immediately affect the system under investigation,is one of its main drawbacks.Therefore,numerous researchers worked on such problem to resolve this issue.At last,this problem was resolved by Cattaneo by adding relaxation time for heat flux in Fourier’s law,which was defined as the time required to establish steady heat conduction once a temperature gradient is imposed.Christov offered a material invariant version of Cattaneo’s model by taking into account the upper-connected derivative of the Oldroyd model.Nowadays,both models are combinedly known as the Cattaneo-Christov(CC)model.In this attempt,the mixed convective MHD Falkner-Skan Sutterby nanofluid flow is addressed towards a wedge surface in the presence of the variable external magnetic field.The CC model is incorporated instead of Fourier’s law for the examination of heat transfer features in the energy expression.A two-phase nanofluid model is utilized for the implementation of nano-concept.The nonlinear system of equations is tackled through the bvp4c technique in the MATLAB software 2016.The influence of pertinent flow parameters is discussed and displayed through different sketches.Major and important results are summarized in the conclusion section.Furthermore,in both cases of wall-through flow(i.e.,suction and injection effects),the porosity parameters increase the flow speed,and decrease the heat transport and the influence of drag forces.

Hadoop-based secure storage solution for big data in cloud computing environment

In order to address the problems of the single encryption algorithm,such as low encryption efficiency and unreliable metadata for static data storage of big data platforms in the cloud computing environment,we propose a Hadoop based big data secure storage scheme.Firstly,in order to disperse the NameNode service from a single server to multiple servers,we combine HDFS federation and HDFS high-availability mechanisms,and use the Zookeeper distributed coordination mechanism to coordinate each node to achieve dual-channel storage.Then,we improve the ECC encryption algorithm for the encryption of ordinary data,and adopt a homomorphic encryption algorithm to encrypt data that needs to be calculated.To accelerate the encryption,we adopt the dualthread encryption mode.Finally,the HDFS control module is designed to combine the encryption algorithm with the storage model.Experimental results show that the proposed solution solves the problem of a single point of failure of metadata,performs well in terms of metadata reliability,and can realize the fault tolerance of the server.The improved encryption algorithm integrates the dual-channel storage mode,and the encryption storage efficiency improves by 27.6% on average.

Solutions to Teaching Reform Challenges of Elective Courses under the Background of New Liberal Arts:Taking International Trade in Services Course as an Example

Variations in the allocation of university resources,teachers’course selection preferences and teaching commitment levels,as well as students’course preferences and assessment requirements,create subjective differences.These differences,compounded by the demands of the new liberal arts reform,place significant challenges and pressure on elective course instructors.To meet these demands,elective course teachers should enhance their teaching methods and explore new instructional models.The International Trade in Services course,for instance,has implemented six areas of curriculum reform,enriching the practice of elective course improvement.

Study on the Influence of New Media on College Students’ Physical Exercise Behavior

New media is becoming an important method to promote physical exercise,and it is also an essential factor affecting the physical exercise behavior of college students.This study takes the influence of new media sports information on college students’physical exercise behavior as the research objective.By using a questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics,545 college students in Shandong Province of China are selected as research samples.Based on the theory of new media exposure,fitness behavior theory,and self-efficacy theory,this study systematically discusses the influence and mechanism of new media exposure on the physical exercise behavior of college students in Shandong Province,so as to help college students improve their physical exercise behavior.

Determining knots by optimizing the bending and stretching energies

For a given set of data points in the plane, a new method is presented for computing a parameter value（knot） for each data point. Associated with each data point, a quadratic polynomial curve passing through three adjacent consecutive data points is constructed. The curve has one degree of freedom which can be used to optimize the shape of the curve. To obtain a better shape of the curve, the degree of freedom is determined by optimizing the bending and stretching energies of the curve so that variation of the curve is as small as possible. Between each pair of adjacent data points, two local knot intervals are constructed, and the final knot interval corresponding to these two points is determined by a combination of the two local knot intervals. Experiments show that the curves constructed using the knots by the new method generally have better interpolation precision than the ones constructed using the knots by the existing local methods.

Can Culture Lead to Export?Empirical Data on the Belt and Road Initiative

The B&R Initiative is a modernized and specific manifestation of China's"going global"development strategy. It undertakes the historic mission of promoting communication and exchange between cultures and nations, but also has a positive role in the development of international economy and trade relations. As a messenger of the essence of Chinese culture, Confucius Institutes have a positive impact on the development of Asian and world civilizations. Using Difference-in-Difference estimation methods to study the statistical data from the countries along the B&R routes, this paper examines the relationship between cultural and commodity outputs and comes to the following conclusions: Cultural output is an important factor in increasing commodity exports; Confucius Institutes help increase China's exports to the countries along the B&R routes; and the growth in cultural exports shows regional differences, hysteresis, and fluctuations. As China's cultural outputs are still at an immature stage, their promotional effects on exports are unstable. In the future, China should further standardize its management and operational systems and accelerate the Confucius Institutes' content-based development to enhance the effects of cultural outputs in increasing exports, boosting China's soft power.

Transcending Labor Relations:A Study on the Mechanisms for Protecting Social Insurance Rights and Interests of Workers in New Business Forms——An Empirical Analysis Based on Judicial Cases

Abstract:With the rise of new business forms,the traditional industrial-era model of binding social insurance to labor relations is facing unprecedented challenges.In the context of these new busi-ness forms,whether the protection of workers’social insurance rights and interests can be“decoupled from labor relations”has become a hotly debated topic in academia,with“the ability to establish labor relations”emerging as a key variable influencing government depart-ments’policy choices on classified social insurance coverage.Based on this,the paper constructs a theoretical model of the correlation be-tween social insurance and labor relations to analyze cases concern-ing the protection of social insurance rights and interests of workers in new business forms.It examines the advantages and disadvantages of binding social insurance to labor relations and suggests promoting so-cial insurance policy innovation by transcending labor relations.The paper advocates abandoning the path dependency that starts with la-bor relations and clarifying the theoretical basis that workers’access to social insurance rights should be based on labor rather than em-ployment.To adapt to the profit model of new business forms,it pro-poses establishing a rule of“proportional responsibility for commis-sions,”where the social insurance contribution base is determined by the proportion and amount of corporate commissions.By reasonably setting rates,it will protect the healthy development of new business forms in a balanced manner.In this way,enterprises can share social insurance responsibilities according to unified rules without worrying about being classified as having a labor relationship,which helps fully protect workers’social insurance rights and interests and promotes fair competition and healthy development among enterprises.

Theoretical analysis for AlGaN avalanche photodiodes with mesa and field plate structure

To suppress the electric field crowding at sidewall and improve the detection sensitivity of the AlGaN separate absorption and multiplication(SAM)avalanche photodiodes(APDs),we propose the new AlGaN APDs structure combining a large-area mesa with a field plate(FP).The simulated results show that the proposed AlGaN APDs exhibit a significant increase in avalanche gain,about two orders of magnitude,compared to their counterparts without FP structure,which is attributed to the suppression of electric field crowding at sidewall of multiplication layer and the reduction of the maximum electric field at the p-type GaN sidewall in p-n depletion region.Meanwhile,the APDs can produce an obviously enhanced photocurrent due to the increase in cross sectional area of multiplication region.

Improved quantum(t,n)threshold group signature

Threshold signature is an important branch of the digital signature scheme,which can distribute signature rights and avoid the abuse of signature rights.With the continuous development of quantum computation and quantum information,quantum threshold signatures are gradually becoming more popular.Recently,a quantum(t,n)threshold group signature scheme was analyzed that uses techniques such as quantum-controlled-not operation and quantum teleportation.However,this scheme cannot resist forgery attack and does not conform to the design of a threshold signature in the signing phase.Based on the original scheme,we propose an improved quantum(t,n)threshold signature scheme using quantum(t,n)threshold secret sharing technology.The analysis proves that the improved scheme can resist forgery attack and collusion attack,and it is undeniable.At the same time,this scheme reduces the level of trust in the arbitrator during the signature phase.

Refined Sparse Representation Based Similar Category Image Retrieval

Given one specific image,it would be quite significant if humanity could simply retrieve all those pictures that fall into a similar category of images.However,traditional methods are inclined to achieve high-quality retrieval by utilizing adequate learning instances,ignoring the extraction of the image’s essential information which leads to difficulty in the retrieval of similar category images just using one reference image.Aiming to solve this problem above,we proposed in this paper one refined sparse representation based similar category image retrieval model.On the one hand,saliency detection and multi-level decomposition could contribute to taking salient and spatial information into consideration more fully in the future.On the other hand,the cross mutual sparse coding model aims to extract the image’s essential feature to the maximumextent possible.At last,we set up a database concluding a large number of multi-source images.Adequate groups of comparative experiments show that our method could contribute to retrieving similar category images effectively.Moreover,adequate groups of ablation experiments show that nearly all procedures play their roles,respectively.

Enhancement of charging performance of quantum battery via quantum coherence of bath

An open quantum battery(QB)model of a single qubit system charging in a coherent auxiliary bath(CAB)consisting of a series of independent coherent ancillae is considered.According to the collision charging protocol we derive a quantum master equation and obtain the analytical solution of QB in a steady state.We find that the full charging capacity(or the maximal extractable work(MEW))of QB,in the weak QB-ancilla coupling limit,is positively correlated with the coherence magnitude of ancilla.Combining with the numerical simulations we compare with the charging properties of QB at finite coupling strength,such as the MEW,average charging power and the charging efficiency,when considering the bath to be a thermal auxiliary bath(TAB)and a CAB,respectively.We find that when the QB with CAB,in the weak coupling regime,is in fully charging,both its capacity and charging efficiency can go beyond its classical counterpart,and they increase with the increase of coherence magnitude of ancilla.In addition,the MEW of QB in the regime of relative strong coupling and strong coherent magnitude shows the oscillatory behavior with the charging time increasing,and the first peak value can even be larger than the full charging MEW of QB.This also leads to a much larger average charging power than that of QB with TAB in a short-time charging process.These features suggest that with the help of quantum coherence of CAB it becomes feasible to switch the charging schemes between the long-time slow charging protocol with large capacity and high efficiency and the short-time rapid charging protocol with highly charging power only by adjusting the coupling strength of QB-ancilla.This work clearly demonstrates that the quantum coherence of bath can not only serve as the role of“fuel”of QB to be utilized to improve the QB's charging performance but also provide an alternative way to integrate the different charging protocols into a single QB.

A Novel Analysis Approach of Uniform Persistence for an Epidemic Model with Quarantine and Standard Incidence Rate

Inspired by the transmission characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),an epidemic model with quarantine and standard incidence rate is first developed,then a novel analysis approach is proposed for finding the ultimate lower bound of the number of infected individuals,which means that the epidemic is uniformly persistent if the control reproduction number R_(c)>1.This approach can be applied to the related biomat hem at ical models,and some existing works can be improved by using that.In addition,the infection-free equilibrium V^(0)of the model is locally asymptotically stable(LAS)if R_(c)<1 and linearly stable if R_(c)=1;while V^(0)is unstable if R_(c)>1.

基于实验经济学的水产品地理标志监管博弈行为分析

本文运用实验经济学分析方法,设计了生产企业、认证机构、监管机构之间博弈实验,探讨影响生产企业与认证机构行为选择的因素。实验结果表明:相比普通水产品,较高的市场溢价率能够促进生产企业选择生产地理标志水产品;以政府为代表的监管机构能够约束生产企业与认证机构共谋行为;关键可追溯信息真实完整性有利于促进认证机构对生产企业的有效监管。因此,应激发消费者地理标志水产品支付意愿,增强地理标志溢价效应;加大以政府为代表的监管机构抽查力度,坚决打击滥用、冒用地理标志现象;积极完善水产品可追溯体系建设,保证关键可追溯信息真实完整。

Overexpression of IbSINA5 Increases Cold Tolerance through a CBF SINA-COR Mediated Module in Sweet Potato

Seven in absentia(SINA)family proteins play a central role in plant growth,development and resistance to abiotic stress.However,their biological function in plant response to cold stress is still largely unknown.In this work,a seven in absentia gene IbSINA5 was isolated from sweet potato.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analyses demonstrated that IbSINA5 was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and organs of sweet potato,with a predominant expression in fibrous roots,and was remarkably induced by cold,drought and salt stresses.Subcellular localization assays revealed that IbSINA5-GFP fusion protein was mainly localized in cytoplasm and nucleus.Overexpression of IbSINA5 in sweet potato led to dramatically improved resistance to cold stress in transgenic plants,which was associated with the up-regulated expression of IbCOR(cold-regulated)genes,increased proline production,and decreased malondialdehyde(MDA)and H2O2 accumulation in the leaves of transgenic plants.Furthermore,transient expression of IbCBF3,a C-repeat binding factor(CBF)gene,in the leaf protoplasts of wild type sweet potato plants up-regulated the expression of both IbSINA5 and IbCOR genes.Our results suggest that IbSINA5 could function as a positive regulator in the cold signaling pathway through a CBF-SINA-COR mediated module in sweet potato,and have a great potential to be used as a candidate gene for the future breeding of new plant species with improved cold resistance.

Guided filter-based multi-scale super-resolution reconstruction

The learning-based super-resolution reconstruction method inputs a low-resolution image into a network,and learns a non-linear mapping relationship between low-resolution and high-resolution through the network.In this study,the multi-scale super-resolution reconstruction network is used to fuse the effective features of different scale images,and the non-linear mapping between low resolution and high resolution is studied from coarse to fine to realise the end-to-end super-resolution reconstruction task.The loss of some features of the low-resolution image will negatively affect the quality of the reconstructed image.To solve the problem of incomplete image features in low-resolution,this study adopts the multi-scale super-resolution reconstruction method based on guided image filtering.The high-resolution image reconstructed by the multi-scale super-resolution network and the real high-resolution image are merged by the guide image filter to generate a new image,and the newly generated image is used for secondary training of the multi-scale super-resolution reconstruction network.The newly generated image effectively compensates for the details and texture information lost in the low-resolution image,thereby improving the effect of the super-resolution reconstructed image.Compared with the existing super-resolution reconstruction scheme,the accuracy and speed of super-resolution reconstruction are improved.

Consistent image processing based on co-saliency

In a group of images,the recurrent foreground objects are considered as the key objects in the group of images.In co-saliency detection,these are described as common saliency objects.The aim is to be able to naturally guide the user's gaze to these common salient objects.By guiding the user's gaze,users can easily find these common saliency objects without interference from other information.Therefore,a method is proposed for reducing user visual attention based on co-saliency detection.Through the co-saliency detection algorithm and matting algorithm for image preprocessing,the exact position of non-common saliency objects(called Region of Interest here,i.e.ROI)in the image group can be obtained.In the attention retargeting algorithm,the internal features of the image to adjust the saliency of the ROI areas are considered.In the HSI colour space,the three components H,S,and I are adjusted separately.First,the hue distribution is constructed by the Dirac kernel function,and then the most similar hue distribution to the sur-rounding environment is selected as the best hue distribution of ROI areas.The S and I components can be set as the contrast difference between ROI areas and surrounding background areas according to the user's demands.Experimental results show that this method effectively reduces the ROI areas'attraction to the user's visual attention.Moreover,comparing this method with other methods,the saliency adjustment effect achieved is much better,and the processed image is more natural.

Evaluating the robustness of image matting algorithm

In this study,the authors propose a method to calculate the consistency of alpha masking to assess the robustness of the matting algorithm.This study evaluates consistent alpha masks based on the Gaussian-Hermite moment in combination with gradient amplitude and gradient direction.The gradient direction describes the appearance and shape of local objects in the image,and the gradient amplitude accurately reflects the contrast and texture changes of small details in the image.They selected Gaussian blur,pretzel noise,and combined noise to destroy the image,and then evaluated the consistency of the original alpha mask and noise alpha mask.To determine the robustness of the matting algorithm,they assessed the degree of consistency of the alpha mask using three different evaluation levels.The experimental results show that noise has a greater impact on the performance of the matting algorithm,which shows a decreasing trend as the noise level in the image deepens.In noisy images,the traditional matting algorithm exhibits better robustness compared to the recently proposed trap matting algorithm.Different matting algorithms present different adaptations to different noises.