线粒体功能障碍在神经病理性疼痛中的作用机制研究进展

神经病理性疼痛患病率高,发病机制复杂,一直是难以解决的临床问题。线粒体功能障碍在外周和中枢层面均与神经病理性疼痛的发病密切相关,其病理机制涉及线粒体能量生成障碍、氧化应激、胞内Ca^(2+)稳态失调以及线粒体质量控制失调等方面,最终导致神经炎症、神经元自发放电或神经细胞的凋亡。临床上,某些改善神经病理性疼痛药物的效应机制也被发现与调控线粒体功能相关,表明调控线粒体功能障碍可能是一种有效治疗神经病理性疼痛的策略之一。未来,应围绕抗氧化应激与线粒体质量控制开展更多的机制研究。

LRPPRC的表达与结肠癌临床指标和预后的相关性研究

目的研究LRPPRC表达与结肠癌临床指标和预后的相关性。方法采用免疫组化技术检测LRPPRC在结肠癌组织的表达,实验数据和临床指标及预后的相关性分析使用SPSS软件,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果LRPPRC在结肠癌组织的表达显著高于癌旁组织。LRPPRC蛋白表达和患者的原发肿瘤数量显著正相关,而和预后显著负相关,且是结肠癌预后的独立预测因素。统计学分析显示,右半结肠癌亚组的T分期、临床分期和总生存期均显著更差。同时,LRPPRC的异常高表达和右半结肠癌组患者更多的原发肿瘤数量及更差的总生存期显著相关,但其与左半结肠癌亚组的各项临床指标及预后均无关。结论LRPPRC的过表达促进了右半结肠癌的进展,它可能是右半结肠癌预后和治疗的重要标记物。

Roles of MT-ND1 in Cancer

The energy shift toward glycolysis is one of the hallmarks of cancer.Complex I is a vital enzyme complex necessary for oxidative phosphorylation.The mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1(MT-ND1)is the largest subunit coded by mitochondria of complex I.The present study summarizes the structure and biological function of MT-ND1.From databases and literature,the expressions and mutations of MT-ND1 in a variety of cancers have been reviewed.MT-ND1 may be a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.It is also a potential target for cancer therapy.

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶多态性的临床应用研究进展

叶酸属于B族维生素,是体内极为重要的甲基供体,参与DNA合成和修复,维持细胞内正常甲基化和基因组稳定性。叶酸主要存在于食物中,人体无法依靠自身合成。叶酸摄入不足或代谢障碍均会引起叶酸缺乏,进而引起各种疾病。亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)是叶酸代谢通路中的关键酶之一,其中位于MTHFR上的rs1801131和rs1801133的多态性与肿瘤的发生和用药、心脑血管疾病的发病风险、女性优生优育以及新生儿先天性缺陷等密切相关。

SMARCC1的表达与脑胶质瘤临床指标和预后的相关性及其对肿瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的研究SMARCC1表达与脑胶质瘤临床指标和预后的相关性,及其对肿瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法首先采用免疫组化实验检测SMARCC1在脑胶质瘤组织的表达,实验数据和临床指标及预后的相关性分析使用SPSS软件,P<0.05为有统计学意义。利用siRNA技术下调SMARCC1基因在脑胶质瘤细胞株的表达,利用MTT方法检测细胞增殖、Hochest/PI方法检测细胞凋亡,使用qPCR实验检测增殖和凋亡相关基因ki67和Bcl2的表达水平。实验数据采用GraphPad软件分析,P<0.05为有统计学意义。结果SMARCC1表达分别和病理分级、复发等显著正相关,染色评分高的脑胶质瘤病人的总生存期和无病生存期都显著更短。使用siRNA技术下调SMARCC1的表达,随后观察到脑胶质瘤细胞株U251MG和U87MG的增殖显著降低而凋亡显著增加,同时,增殖和凋亡相关基因ki67和Bcl2的mRNA表达水平也出现下调。结论SMARCC1过表达与脑胶质瘤的病理分级、复发及更差的预后显著相关。SMARCC1基因的下调能抑制脑胶质瘤细胞的增殖并促进凋亡,其机制可能与下调ki67和Bcl2的表达有关。

Microsatellite variation between Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

Allelic variation in a total of 7 microsatellites was examined between elvers of freshwater eels (Anguilla japonica and Anguilla anguilla). The number of alleles at these loci ranged from 8 to 26. A single test of each locus revealed significant deficits of heterozygotes (P<0.01). Significant departure from expectations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was found for all loci within four subpopulations of A. japonica, which opposes the panmixia hypothesis of Schmidt. Also exact tests of population differentiation based on allelic fre- quency distribution disagree the hypothesis of random distribution of individuals among populations. Population structure among four populations of A. japonica was revealed with FST value of 0.009 8 (P=0.000 48; 10 000 iteration). Pairwise matrixes of FST and RST showed a significant difference between two distantly related spe- cies—A. japonica and A. anguilla. Divergent time of the two species calculated by Goldstein method is over 2 million years. The results may challenge the Schmidt’s theory about the distribution of freshwater eels.

Oligomicroarray-based primary study of gene expression profile changes in Barrett’s esophagus

Objective: To analyze the differential expression genes (DEGs) between Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and normal esophagus mucosa and explore the target genes related to the development and progression of BE. Methods: The total RNAs of matched BE and normal esophagus mucosa of BE patients were isolated using one step Trizol method. Matched RNAs were qualified using 10 g/L agarose gel electrophoresis. cRNAs were synthesized, fluorescence labeled and purified after total RNAs were purified. The RNAs of BE and normal esophagus mucosa were hybridized with Agilent oligomicroarray (30 968 probes). The fluorescence intensity features were detected by Agilent scanner and quantified by feature extraction software. Results: (1) The total RNA, reverse transcription product and fluorescence labeled cRNA were all of high quality; (2) There were 142 up-regulated genes and 284 down-regulated genes among 2-fold DEGs. Conclusion: Microarray-based studies are feasible in endoscopically obtained tissues. Many BE-associated genes are screened by the high-throughput gene chip. The development and progression of BE is a complicated process involving multiple genes and multiple procedures, and functional study of these genes may help to identify the key genes or pathways involved in the pathogenesis and development of BE.

Silkworm （Bombyx mori） BmLid is a histone lysine demethylase with a broader specificity than its homolog in Drosophila and mammals

Dear Editor, Histone methylation is a dynamic process that plays important roles in gene transcription regulation, and a number of enzymes have been shown to catalyze the removal of methyl marks [1]. Shi et al. （2004） identified one of the amino oxidases, lysine-specific demethylase 1 （LSD1）, as the first specific demethylase for both mono（me） and dimethylation （me2） of H3K4 and H3K9 in humans [2].

前列腺癌相关超级增强子RNA鉴定及调控功能分析

目的:运用基因芯片比较前列腺癌和配对癌旁组织样本的表达谱数据,识别差异表达的SE-lncRNA并探讨其调控功能。方法:通过SBC非编码RNA芯片和公共获取数据库,筛选出差异表达的SE-lncRNA和mRNA,利用GSEA/GO富集分析其功能,并对差异表达基因构建共表达网络。结果:在芯片中共鉴定到292个在前列腺癌中差异表达的SE-lncRNA,挑选5个基因用qRT-PCR验证,检测结果和芯片一致。通过对超级增强子及其靶基因启动子进行转录因子预测分析,构建了一个SE-lncRNA-转录因子-靶基因三元调控网络。结论:对高通量芯片筛选到的差异lncRNA进行了深入的数据挖掘,找到了前列腺癌相关eRNA,为后续的lncRNA参与肿瘤发生和转移的功能研究提供了依据。

肝脏类器官芯片在生物医学中的研究进展

肝脏类器官芯片是一种基于三维培养并搭配微流控系统的特殊芯片。肝脏类器官可依托芯片技术,在体外构建出具有三维结构的人体肝脏生理微系统。该文概述了肝脏类器官芯片在生物医学领域的最新研究成果,归纳总结包括三维肝细胞芯片、肝血窦芯片和肝小叶芯片在内的不同类型的肝脏类器官芯片特点,分析肝脏类器官芯片领域发展面临的诸多机遇和挑战,展望了肝脏类器官芯片未来的发展方向。肝脏类器官芯片技术将为人类疾病和健康领域开创新的研究途径。

长链非编码RNAs:病理性疼痛中的新参与者

病理性疼痛对常规的镇痛药物治疗反应不理想,同时目前的药物治疗有较大的副作用和禁忌症,严重制约了临床应用。因此,需要深入理解和研究病理性疼痛的神经生物学机制,寻找新的更有效和更特异的治疗手段。最近研究报道显示,长链非编码RNAs(lnc RNA)在神经系统发育和功能调节方面具有重要作用,并提示lnc RNA和病理性疼痛之间可能存在密切的关系。但目前lnc RNA在病理性疼痛中的研究仍处于探索阶段。现就lnc RNA在病理性疼痛的研究现状作一综述,以期为病理性疼痛的研究和治疗提供新的思路。

高通量单细胞转录组测序发展与展望

近年来,单细胞转录组测序技术发展迅猛,为人们研究细胞的异质性及在单个细胞分辨率下理解生命体系、过程和不同疾病状态提供了有效手段。基于微流控技术发展而来的高通量单细胞转录组测序技术是实现大量细胞平行检测的主要方法。现从高通量单细胞转录组检测平台研究进展、单个细胞捕获及检测的常用方法——特别是微滴与微孔技术原理与特点、数据分析流程、数据挖掘手段、现有存在问题和未来发展方向等角度进行阐述,希望该技术对生命科学研究起到促进和推动作用。

溶瘤病毒在抗肿瘤临床治疗中的研究进展

近年来,溶瘤病毒因其能够特异性地在肿瘤细胞内复制并造成肿瘤细胞裂解而不影响正常细胞,已经成为非常有应用前景的肿瘤免疫治疗药物,并且受到越来越多科研和生物医药产业的重视。本文概述了溶瘤病毒的定义、分类、特性和作用机制,回顾了已经批准上市和仍在临床试验阶段的溶瘤病毒的抗肿瘤临床表现,以及溶瘤病毒联合化疗、放疗和免疫治疗等方法对异质性肿瘤和肿瘤微环境的临床治疗效果。本文还讨论了这些联合治疗策略对改善恶性肿瘤耐药效果的临床评估结果。

Characteristics of Lymphocyte Nuclear Factor-κB Signal Transduction Kinase Expression in Aging Process and Regulatory Effect of Epimedium Flavonoids

Objective：To study the characteristics of lymphocyte nuclear factor kappa B（NF-κB） signal transduction kinase-related molecular mRNA differential expressions at various month age segments in aging process and the intervening effect of Epimedium flavonoids（EF） on it.Methods：Sixty SD rats were divided into six groups,according to animals＇ age,i.e.,the 3 days（d） group,the 4 months（m） group,the 10 m group,the 18 m group,the 27 m group,and the 27 m＋EF group.RNA was extracted from separated splenic lymphocytes. Adopting NF-κB signal path functional genome oligonucleotide gene-chip（128 related genes）,the integral characteristics and differences of NF-κB signal transduction kinase-related mRNA expressions were determined, and the intervening effect of EF was examined.Results：The mean level of the NF-κB signal transduction kinase-related mRNA expressions in rats＇ splenic lymphocytes lowered with aging;the highest expression was presented at 3 d after birth,and then,it lowered gradually,with the lowest level at 18 m or 27 m.After EF intervention,the expression level was raised to the 10-18 m level in the aged rats.Conclusion：The changing rules of lymphocyte NF-κB-signal-transduction-kinase-related mRNA expressions in various stages of aging are helpful for selecting the well time for preventing and intervening aging,and will also give a hint to the molecular index for assessment of senility retarding researches.

Subtyping of type A influenza by sequencing the variable regions of HA gene specifically amplified with RT-PCR

The outbreak of a novel influenza A(H1N1) virus across the globe poses a threat to human health.It is of paramount importance to develop a rapid,reliable and inexpensive diagnostic procedure.Based on the bioinformatic information from public database,primers specific for influenza A virus surface protein haemagglutinin(HA) of several subtypes(including H1,H2,H3,H5,H7 and H9) were designed.Primer-specific PCR products were subjected to sequencing for accurately distinguishing H1 and H3 subtypes from others.This sequencing-based detection method will not only be applied to rapid detection and simultaneous subtype identification of new influenza A virus H1N1,but also provide the strategies to monitor other new types ofinfluenza virus with explosive potential.

Structure modeling and spatial epitope analysis for HA protein of the novel H1N1 influenza virus

In recent months,a novel influenza virus H1N1 broke out around the world.With bioinformatics technology,the 3D structure of HA protein was obtained,and the epitope residues were predicted with the method developed in our group for this novel flu virus.58 amino acids were identified as potential epitope residues,the majority of which clustered at the surface of the globular head of HA protein.Although it is located at the similar position,the epitope of HA protein for the novel H1N1 flu virus has obvious differences in the electrostatic potential compared to that of HA proteins from previous flu viruses.

Fluorescent glycan nanoparticle-based FACS assays for the identification of genuine drug-resistant cancer cells with differentiation potential

Herein we develop a unique differentiated-uptake strategy capable of efficient and high-purity isolation of genuine drug-resistant(DR)cells from three types of drug-surviving cancer cells,which include paclitaxel-surviving human ovarian OVCAR-3 cancer cells and human lung carcinoma A549/Taxol cells,and doxorubicin-surviving human immortalized myelogenous leukemia K562/ADR cells.By using this strategy which relies on fluorescent glycan nanoparticle(FGNP)-based fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS)assays,two subpopulations with distinct fluorescences existing in drug-surviving OVCAR-3 cells were separated,and we found that the lower fluorescence(LF)subpopulation consisted of DR cells,while the higher fluorescence(HF)subpopulation was comprised of non-DR cells.Besides,the DR cells and their progenies were found distinct in their increased expression of drug-resistant genes.More intriguingly,by using the FGNP-based FACS assay to detect DR/non-DR phenotypes,we found that the DR phenotype had a potential to differentiate into the non-DR progeny,which demonstrates the differentiation feature of stem-like cancer cells.Further research disclosed that the assay can quantitatively detect the degree of drug resistance in DR cells,as well as the reversal of drug resistance that are tackled by various therapeutic methods.The strategy thus paves the way to develop theranostic approaches associated with chemotherapy-resistance and cancer stemness.

Erratum to: Fluorescent glycan nanoparticle-based FACS assays for the identification of genuine drug-resistant cancer cells with differentiation potential

Erratum to Nano Research 2020,13(11):3110-3122 https://d0i.0rg/l 0.1007/s 12274-020-2981-8 The article Fluorescent glycan nanoparticle-based FACS assays for the identification of genuine drug-resistant cancer cells with differentiation potential,written by Chenglong Wang et al.,was erroneously originally published electronically on the publishers internet portal(currently SpringerLink)on 10 August 2020 with the Acknowledgements.