Small and medium-sized enterprises have developed rapidly under the guidance and support of the national industrial policy.Because of the influence of the post financial crisis,the rate of the global economy developme...Small and medium-sized enterprises have developed rapidly under the guidance and support of the national industrial policy.Because of the influence of the post financial crisis,the rate of the global economy development decreased and the market competition increased,the profit of small and medium-sized enterprises is on the decline or even in a loss.The paper,based on the value creation logic of Balanced Score Card,put forward that we should,with the Differentiation Strategy as the basis,using Strategy Map and Cascade Strategy,integrate the key internal procedures to increase the strategic preparation of intangible assets to guide the business model innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises and promote the rapid development of small and medium-sized enterprises.展开更多
A model was proposed for addressing investment risk of the flee reserve in the form of credit or currency risk. This risk was expressed by a constant amount K ( e. g., securitization) upon an interest-increasing eve...A model was proposed for addressing investment risk of the flee reserve in the form of credit or currency risk. This risk was expressed by a constant amount K ( e. g., securitization) upon an interest-increasing event and a random variable Z representing the recovery rate of a bond or a devaluation factor. The model equation is an integro-differential equation with deviating arguments. The analytical solutions were obtained for the probability of survival as Z is a discrete random variable and as Z is a continuous random variable respectively.展开更多
We propose a fuzzy logic-based image retrieval system, in which the image similarity can be inferred in a nonlinear manner as human thinking. In the fuzzy inference process, weight assignments of multi-image features ...We propose a fuzzy logic-based image retrieval system, in which the image similarity can be inferred in a nonlinear manner as human thinking. In the fuzzy inference process, weight assignments of multi-image features were resolved impliedly. Each fuzzy rule was embedded into the subjectivity of human perception of image contents. A color histogram called the average area histogram is proposed to represent the color features. Experimental results show the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed algorithms.展开更多
When conventional integrators like Runge-Kutta-type algorithms are used,numerical errors can make an orbit deviate from a hypersurface determined by many constraints,which leads to unreliable numerical solutions.Scali...When conventional integrators like Runge-Kutta-type algorithms are used,numerical errors can make an orbit deviate from a hypersurface determined by many constraints,which leads to unreliable numerical solutions.Scaling correction methods are a powerful tool to avoid this.We focus on their applications,and also develop a family of new velocity multiple scaling correction methods where scale factors only act on the related components of the integrated momenta.They can preserve exactly some first integrals of motion in discrete or continuous dynamical systems,so that rapid growth of roundoff or truncation errors is suppressed significantly.展开更多
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have become a hot issue in the area of wireless networks for their non-infrastructure and mobile features. In this paper, a MANET is modeled so that the length of each link in the net...Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have become a hot issue in the area of wireless networks for their non-infrastructure and mobile features. In this paper, a MANET is modeled so that the length of each link in the network is considered as a birthdeath process and the space is reused for n times in the flooding process, which is named as an n-spatiai reuse birth-death model (n-SRBDM). We analyze the performance of the network under the dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) which is a famous reactive routing protocol. Some performance parameters of the route discovery are studied such as the probability distribution and the expectation of the flooding distance, the probability that a route is discovered by a query packet with a hop limit, the probability that a request packet finds a τ-time-valid route or a symmetric-valid route, and the average time needed to discover a valid route. For the route maintenance, some parameters are introduced and studied such as the average frequency of route recovery and the average time of a route to be valid. We compare the two models with spatial reuse and without spatial reuse by evaluating these parameters. It is shown that the spatial reuse model is much more effective in routing.展开更多
A finite random graph generated by continuous time birth and death processes with exponentially distributed waiting times was investigated, which is similar to a communication network in daily life. The vertices are t...A finite random graph generated by continuous time birth and death processes with exponentially distributed waiting times was investigated, which is similar to a communication network in daily life. The vertices are the living particles, and directed edges go from mothers to daughters. The size of the communication network was studied. Furthermore, the probability of successfully connecting senders with receivers and the transmitting speed of information were obtained.展开更多
Researchers in the disciplines of both Operations and Accounting have studied Inventory Management, though in relative isolation. In this paper, one of our goals is to help inform researchers in Operations Management ...Researchers in the disciplines of both Operations and Accounting have studied Inventory Management, though in relative isolation. In this paper, one of our goals is to help inform researchers in Operations Management about an extensively debated question in inventory accounting: whether to repeal the LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) inventory accounting choice? This question has received extensive scrutiny from various stakeholders including academics, businesses, and different levels of governmental agencies such as US Congress. Specifically, we provide a literature review on how LIFO affects and is affected by inventory management. This is done by first reviewing the potential determinants of LIFO inventory accounting choice and then reviewing potential interactions between LIFO and inventory management. It is our hope that this review will help stakeholders have a more comprehensive understanding of LIFO before making their decisions.展开更多
The traveling salesman problem( TSP) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem as well as an NP-complete problem. A dynamic multi-swarm particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization( DMPSO-ACO) was ...The traveling salesman problem( TSP) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem as well as an NP-complete problem. A dynamic multi-swarm particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization( DMPSO-ACO) was presented for TSP.The DMPSO-ACO combined the exploration capabilities of the dynamic multi-swarm particle swarm optimizer( DMPSO) and the stochastic exploitation of the ant colony optimization( ACO) for solving the traveling salesman problem. In the proposed hybrid algorithm,firstly,the dynamic swarms,rapidity of the PSO was used to obtain a series of sub-optimal solutions through certain iterative times for adjusting the initial allocation of pheromone in ACO. Secondly,the positive feedback and high accuracy of the ACO were employed to solving whole problem. Finally,to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithm,various scale benchmark problems were tested to demonstrate the potential of the proposed DMPSO-ACO algorithm. The results show that DMPSO-ACO is better in the search precision,convergence property and has strong ability to escape from the local sub-optima when compared with several other peer algorithms.展开更多
In this paper, we investigate Galton-Watson branching processes in random environments. In the case where the environmental process is a Markov chain which is positive recurrent or has a transition matrix Q (θ,α) su...In this paper, we investigate Galton-Watson branching processes in random environments. In the case where the environmental process is a Markov chain which is positive recurrent or has a transition matrix Q (θ,α) such that sup_θ Q (θ,α)> 0 for some α, we prove that the model has the asymptotic behavior being similar to that of Galton-Watson branching processes. In other case where the environments are non-stationary independent, the sufficient conditions are obtained for certain extinction and uncertain extinction for the model.展开更多
When dealing with the ratings from users,traditional collaborative filtering algorithms do not consider the credibility of rating data,which affects the accuracy of similarity.To address this issue,the paper proposes ...When dealing with the ratings from users,traditional collaborative filtering algorithms do not consider the credibility of rating data,which affects the accuracy of similarity.To address this issue,the paper proposes an improved algorithm based on classification and user trust.It firstly classifies all the ratings by the categories of items.And then,for each category,it evaluates the trustworthy degree of each user on the category and imposes the degree on the ratings of the user.Finally,the algorithm explores the similarities between users,finds the nearest neighbors,and makes recommendations within each category.Simulations show that the improved algorithm outperforms the traditional collaborative filtering algorithms and enhances the accuracy of recommendation.展开更多
A (2 + 1) dimensional KdV-mKdV equation is proposed and integrability in the sense of Painlevé and some exact solutions are discussed. The B?cklund transformation and bilinear equations are obtained through Painl...A (2 + 1) dimensional KdV-mKdV equation is proposed and integrability in the sense of Painlevé and some exact solutions are discussed. The B?cklund transformation and bilinear equations are obtained through Painlevé analysis. Some exact solutions are deduced by Hirota method and generalized Wronskian method.展开更多
Now we extend one method into a sequence of binomial data, propose a stepwise confidence interval method for toxic-ity study, and also in our paper, two methods of constructing intervals for the risk difference are pr...Now we extend one method into a sequence of binomial data, propose a stepwise confidence interval method for toxic-ity study, and also in our paper, two methods of constructing intervals for the risk difference are proposed. The first one is based on the well-known conditional confidence intervals for odds ratio, and the other one comes from Santner“small-sample confidence intervals for the difference of two success probabilities”, and it produces exact intervals, through employing our method.展开更多
A Markovian risk process is considered in this paper, which is the generalization of the classical risk model. It is proper that a risk process with large claims is modelled as the Markovian risk model. In such a mode...A Markovian risk process is considered in this paper, which is the generalization of the classical risk model. It is proper that a risk process with large claims is modelled as the Markovian risk model. In such a model, the occurrence of claims is described by a point process {N(t)}t≥0 with N(t) being the number of jumps during the interval (0, t] for a Markov jump process. The ruin probability ψ(u) of a company facing such a risk model is mainly studied. An integral equation satisfied by the ruin probability function ψ(u) is obtained and the bounds for the convergence rate of the ruin probability ψ(u) are given by using a generalized renewal technique developed in the paper.展开更多
The flooding distance is an important parameter in the design and evaluation of a routing protocol, which is related not only to the delay time in the route discovery, but also to the stability and reliability of the ...The flooding distance is an important parameter in the design and evaluation of a routing protocol, which is related not only to the delay time in the route discovery, but also to the stability and reliability of the route. In this paper, the average flooding distance (AFD) for a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) in a random graph model was given based on the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol. The influence of spatial reuse on the AFD was also studied. Compared with that in the model without the spatial reuse, the AFD in the model with the spatial reuse has much smaller value, when the connetivity probability between nodes in the network is small and when the number of reused times is large. This means that the route discovery with the spatial reuse is much more effective.展开更多
From the perspective of intra-product specialization and with in-depth analysis of trade statistics,this paper investigates the influence of China's rise on the East Asian production network.Our conclusions sugges...From the perspective of intra-product specialization and with in-depth analysis of trade statistics,this paper investigates the influence of China's rise on the East Asian production network.Our conclusions suggest that in integrating into the East Asian production network,China has gradually emerged as the manufacturing center of East Asia,weakening the regional influence of the Four Asian Tigers.Meanwhile,the competitive effect of China's rise has helped promote the specialization levels of the network's members and even the network as a whole.With cooperation in various processes of intra-product specialization,internal connections of the East Asian production network were further strengthened.In addition,China became an export platform of East Asia,transforming the export pattern of the East Asian production network to world markets from "bilateral trade" into "triangular trade," trade via China.展开更多
Since Fazzari et al.(1988),investment-cashflow sensitivity has been one of the most important indicators for testing and measuring the external financial constraints of corporations.This study analyzes the effect of c...Since Fazzari et al.(1988),investment-cashflow sensitivity has been one of the most important indicators for testing and measuring the external financial constraints of corporations.This study analyzes the effect of changes in the relative cost of internal and external financing on investment decisions in response to tax changes.China's2004 VAT reform decreased companies' effective tax rates,leading to an increase in operating cashflow.This,in turn,reduced the internal cost of financing and the value of the tax shield and increased the cost of debt financing.This study shows that in the case of the VAT reform,investment-cashflow sensitivity increased significantly,whereas cash holdings-cashflow sensitivity and borrowing-slack sensitivity did not significantly change.We conclude that investment-cashflow sensitivity is not an effective measure of financial constraints under information asymmetry,but cash-cashflow sensitivity and borrowing-slack sensitivity may be useful alternatives.展开更多
This paper presents theoretical analysis of how career concerns and shareholder monitoring affect chief executive officer(CEO) agency costs. We investigate investment efficiency prior to CEO retirement based on a samp...This paper presents theoretical analysis of how career concerns and shareholder monitoring affect chief executive officer(CEO) agency costs. We investigate investment efficiency prior to CEO retirement based on a sample of Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs) during the 1999–2007 period and find that there is a significant decline in investment efficiency prior to CEO retirement, relative to other periods, and that this decline becomes less significant under stronger shareholder supervision. Our research furthers understanding of the significance of SOE incentive and monitoring mechanisms.展开更多
基金the phased achievement of the social science research project of Shandong Province:Research on industrial transformation and upgrading of equipment manufacturing industry in Shandong Province(No:13CJJJ02)
文摘Small and medium-sized enterprises have developed rapidly under the guidance and support of the national industrial policy.Because of the influence of the post financial crisis,the rate of the global economy development decreased and the market competition increased,the profit of small and medium-sized enterprises is on the decline or even in a loss.The paper,based on the value creation logic of Balanced Score Card,put forward that we should,with the Differentiation Strategy as the basis,using Strategy Map and Cascade Strategy,integrate the key internal procedures to increase the strategic preparation of intangible assets to guide the business model innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises and promote the rapid development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10471088, 60572126)
文摘A model was proposed for addressing investment risk of the flee reserve in the form of credit or currency risk. This risk was expressed by a constant amount K ( e. g., securitization) upon an interest-increasing event and a random variable Z representing the recovery rate of a bond or a devaluation factor. The model equation is an integro-differential equation with deviating arguments. The analytical solutions were obtained for the probability of survival as Z is a discrete random variable and as Z is a continuous random variable respectively.
基金the National High Technology Research &Development Program of China (863 Program) (Grant No. 2002AA413420)the Program of the Shanghai Education Commission(Grant No.06QZ003)the Found Program of the Shanghai College Select and Cultivate Excellent Young Teacher(Grant No.27007).
文摘We propose a fuzzy logic-based image retrieval system, in which the image similarity can be inferred in a nonlinear manner as human thinking. In the fuzzy inference process, weight assignments of multi-image features were resolved impliedly. Each fuzzy rule was embedded into the subjectivity of human perception of image contents. A color histogram called the average area histogram is proposed to represent the color features. Experimental results show the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed algorithms.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10873007,11173012,11178002 and 11178014.
文摘When conventional integrators like Runge-Kutta-type algorithms are used,numerical errors can make an orbit deviate from a hypersurface determined by many constraints,which leads to unreliable numerical solutions.Scaling correction methods are a powerful tool to avoid this.We focus on their applications,and also develop a family of new velocity multiple scaling correction methods where scale factors only act on the related components of the integrated momenta.They can preserve exactly some first integrals of motion in discrete or continuous dynamical systems,so that rapid growth of roundoff or truncation errors is suppressed significantly.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.10471088 and 60572126)the Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Education (No.06ZZ84)
文摘Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have become a hot issue in the area of wireless networks for their non-infrastructure and mobile features. In this paper, a MANET is modeled so that the length of each link in the network is considered as a birthdeath process and the space is reused for n times in the flooding process, which is named as an n-spatiai reuse birth-death model (n-SRBDM). We analyze the performance of the network under the dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) which is a famous reactive routing protocol. Some performance parameters of the route discovery are studied such as the probability distribution and the expectation of the flooding distance, the probability that a route is discovered by a query packet with a hop limit, the probability that a request packet finds a τ-time-valid route or a symmetric-valid route, and the average time needed to discover a valid route. For the route maintenance, some parameters are introduced and studied such as the average frequency of route recovery and the average time of a route to be valid. We compare the two models with spatial reuse and without spatial reuse by evaluating these parameters. It is shown that the spatial reuse model is much more effective in routing.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10471088, 60572126)
文摘A finite random graph generated by continuous time birth and death processes with exponentially distributed waiting times was investigated, which is similar to a communication network in daily life. The vertices are the living particles, and directed edges go from mothers to daughters. The size of the communication network was studied. Furthermore, the probability of successfully connecting senders with receivers and the transmitting speed of information were obtained.
文摘Researchers in the disciplines of both Operations and Accounting have studied Inventory Management, though in relative isolation. In this paper, one of our goals is to help inform researchers in Operations Management about an extensively debated question in inventory accounting: whether to repeal the LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) inventory accounting choice? This question has received extensive scrutiny from various stakeholders including academics, businesses, and different levels of governmental agencies such as US Congress. Specifically, we provide a literature review on how LIFO affects and is affected by inventory management. This is done by first reviewing the potential determinants of LIFO inventory accounting choice and then reviewing potential interactions between LIFO and inventory management. It is our hope that this review will help stakeholders have a more comprehensive understanding of LIFO before making their decisions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.70971020)the Subject of Ministry of Education of Hunan Province,China(No.13C818)+3 种基金the Project of Industrial Science and Technology Support of Hengyang City,Hunan Province,China(No.2013KG63)the Open Project Program of Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Sichuan University of Science and Engineering,China(No.2012RYJ03)the Fund Project of Humanities and Social Sciences,Ministry of Education of China(No.13YJCZH147)the Special Fund for Shanghai Colleges' Outstanding Young Teachers' Scientific Research Projects,China(No.ZZGJD12033)
文摘The traveling salesman problem( TSP) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem as well as an NP-complete problem. A dynamic multi-swarm particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization( DMPSO-ACO) was presented for TSP.The DMPSO-ACO combined the exploration capabilities of the dynamic multi-swarm particle swarm optimizer( DMPSO) and the stochastic exploitation of the ant colony optimization( ACO) for solving the traveling salesman problem. In the proposed hybrid algorithm,firstly,the dynamic swarms,rapidity of the PSO was used to obtain a series of sub-optimal solutions through certain iterative times for adjusting the initial allocation of pheromone in ACO. Secondly,the positive feedback and high accuracy of the ACO were employed to solving whole problem. Finally,to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithm,various scale benchmark problems were tested to demonstrate the potential of the proposed DMPSO-ACO algorithm. The results show that DMPSO-ACO is better in the search precision,convergence property and has strong ability to escape from the local sub-optima when compared with several other peer algorithms.
文摘In this paper, we investigate Galton-Watson branching processes in random environments. In the case where the environmental process is a Markov chain which is positive recurrent or has a transition matrix Q (θ,α) such that sup_θ Q (θ,α)> 0 for some α, we prove that the model has the asymptotic behavior being similar to that of Galton-Watson branching processes. In other case where the environments are non-stationary independent, the sufficient conditions are obtained for certain extinction and uncertain extinction for the model.
基金supported by Phase 4,Software Engineering(Software Service Engineering)under Grant No.XXKZD1301
文摘When dealing with the ratings from users,traditional collaborative filtering algorithms do not consider the credibility of rating data,which affects the accuracy of similarity.To address this issue,the paper proposes an improved algorithm based on classification and user trust.It firstly classifies all the ratings by the categories of items.And then,for each category,it evaluates the trustworthy degree of each user on the category and imposes the degree on the ratings of the user.Finally,the algorithm explores the similarities between users,finds the nearest neighbors,and makes recommendations within each category.Simulations show that the improved algorithm outperforms the traditional collaborative filtering algorithms and enhances the accuracy of recommendation.
基金supported by Chinese National Social Science Foundation(Grant Number:CNSSF:13CJY037)Research on the indemnificatory Apartment Construction Based on Residential Integration.
文摘A (2 + 1) dimensional KdV-mKdV equation is proposed and integrability in the sense of Painlevé and some exact solutions are discussed. The B?cklund transformation and bilinear equations are obtained through Painlevé analysis. Some exact solutions are deduced by Hirota method and generalized Wronskian method.
文摘Now we extend one method into a sequence of binomial data, propose a stepwise confidence interval method for toxic-ity study, and also in our paper, two methods of constructing intervals for the risk difference are proposed. The first one is based on the well-known conditional confidence intervals for odds ratio, and the other one comes from Santner“small-sample confidence intervals for the difference of two success probabilities”, and it produces exact intervals, through employing our method.
文摘A Markovian risk process is considered in this paper, which is the generalization of the classical risk model. It is proper that a risk process with large claims is modelled as the Markovian risk model. In such a model, the occurrence of claims is described by a point process {N(t)}t≥0 with N(t) being the number of jumps during the interval (0, t] for a Markov jump process. The ruin probability ψ(u) of a company facing such a risk model is mainly studied. An integral equation satisfied by the ruin probability function ψ(u) is obtained and the bounds for the convergence rate of the ruin probability ψ(u) are given by using a generalized renewal technique developed in the paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60572126)
文摘The flooding distance is an important parameter in the design and evaluation of a routing protocol, which is related not only to the delay time in the route discovery, but also to the stability and reliability of the route. In this paper, the average flooding distance (AFD) for a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) in a random graph model was given based on the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol. The influence of spatial reuse on the AFD was also studied. Compared with that in the model without the spatial reuse, the AFD in the model with the spatial reuse has much smaller value, when the connetivity probability between nodes in the network is small and when the number of reused times is large. This means that the route discovery with the spatial reuse is much more effective.
基金This research project received the support of "Research on the Creation of China Foreign Trade Innovation System" under the Research Program of Philosophical and Social Sciences of Shanghai (Approval No.:2007BJL009),together with Open Economy and Trade,which is a key research task of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Education.
文摘From the perspective of intra-product specialization and with in-depth analysis of trade statistics,this paper investigates the influence of China's rise on the East Asian production network.Our conclusions suggest that in integrating into the East Asian production network,China has gradually emerged as the manufacturing center of East Asia,weakening the regional influence of the Four Asian Tigers.Meanwhile,the competitive effect of China's rise has helped promote the specialization levels of the network's members and even the network as a whole.With cooperation in various processes of intra-product specialization,internal connections of the East Asian production network were further strengthened.In addition,China became an export platform of East Asia,transforming the export pattern of the East Asian production network to world markets from "bilateral trade" into "triangular trade," trade via China.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71102013 and 70972060)the Ministry of Finance National Accounting Leader (Reserve)Personnel Training Plan+5 种基金the Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund from the Ministry of Education(Grant No.10YJC790242)the Key Subject Construction Program of the Shanghai Education Commission(Grant No.J51701)the Key Scientific Research Innovation Program of the Shanghai Education Commission(Grant No.11ZS187)the"Dawn" Program of the Shanghai Education Commission(Grant No.10SG54)the Shanghai Pujiang Programpart of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics'"211"major project
文摘Since Fazzari et al.(1988),investment-cashflow sensitivity has been one of the most important indicators for testing and measuring the external financial constraints of corporations.This study analyzes the effect of changes in the relative cost of internal and external financing on investment decisions in response to tax changes.China's2004 VAT reform decreased companies' effective tax rates,leading to an increase in operating cashflow.This,in turn,reduced the internal cost of financing and the value of the tax shield and increased the cost of debt financing.This study shows that in the case of the VAT reform,investment-cashflow sensitivity increased significantly,whereas cash holdings-cashflow sensitivity and borrowing-slack sensitivity did not significantly change.We conclude that investment-cashflow sensitivity is not an effective measure of financial constraints under information asymmetry,but cash-cashflow sensitivity and borrowing-slack sensitivity may be useful alternatives.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.70972060,71102013 and 71272008)National Accounting Leader(Reserve)Personnel Training Plan(Academic Class)+3 种基金Humanities and Social Science Research Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(Nos.11JJD790008,13YJC790041 and 14JJD630005)Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Nos.11ZS186 and 14ZS157)the "Shu Guang" project supported by the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation(No.10SG54)the "211" Key Project of the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics
文摘This paper presents theoretical analysis of how career concerns and shareholder monitoring affect chief executive officer(CEO) agency costs. We investigate investment efficiency prior to CEO retirement based on a sample of Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs) during the 1999–2007 period and find that there is a significant decline in investment efficiency prior to CEO retirement, relative to other periods, and that this decline becomes less significant under stronger shareholder supervision. Our research furthers understanding of the significance of SOE incentive and monitoring mechanisms.