The Roadmap of 2D Materials and Devices Toward Chips

Due to the constraints imposed by physical effects and performance degra certain limitations in sustaining the advancement of Moore’s law.Two-dimensional(2D)materials have emerged as highly promising candidates for the post-Moore era,offering significant potential in domains such as integrated circuits and next-generation computing.Here,in this review,the progress of 2D semiconductors in process engineering and various electronic applications are summarized.A careful introduction of material synthesis,transistor engineering focused on device configuration,dielectric engineering,contact engineering,and material integration are given first.Then 2D transistors for certain electronic applications including digital and analog circuits,heterogeneous integration chips,and sensing circuits are discussed.Moreover,several promising applications(artificial intelligence chips and quantum chips)based on specific mechanism devices are introduced.Finally,the challenges for 2D materials encountered in achieving circuit-level or system-level applications are analyzed,and potential development pathways or roadmaps are further speculated and outlooked.

A novel dual-channel thermo-optic locking method for the whispering gallery mode microresonator

Mode locking can be effectively achieved by using the thermo-optic effects in the whispering gallery mode(WGM)optical microcavity,without the help of external equipment.Therefore,it has the advantages of small size,low integration costs,and self-locking,which shows great potential for application.However,the conventional single-channel microcavity thermal-locking method that relies solely on internal thermal balance will inevitably be disturbed by the external environment.This limitation affects the locking time and stability.Therefore,in this paper,we propose a new method for closed-loop thermal locking of a dual-channel microcavity.The thermal locking of the signal laser and the thermal regulation of the control laser are carried out respectively by synchronously drawing a dual-path tapered fiber.The theoretical model of the thermal dynamics of the dual-channel microcavity system is established,and the influence of the control-laser power on the thermal locking of the signal laser is confirmed.The deviation between the locking voltage of the signal laser and the set point value is used as a closed-loop feedback parameter to achieve long-term and highly stable mode locking of the signal laser.The results show that in the 2.63 h thermal-locking test,the locking stability is an order of magnitude higher than that of the single tapered fiber.This solution addresses the issue of thermal locking being disrupted by the external environment,and offers new possibilities for important applications such as spectroscopy and micro-optical sensor devices.

Current sensor based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy color center

High precision current measurement is very important for the calibration of various high-precision equipment and the measurement of other precision detection fields.A new current sensor based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy(NV)color center magnetic measurement method is proposed to realize the accurate measurement of current.This new current method can greatly improve the accuracy of current measurement.Experiments show that the linearity of the current sensor based on diamond NV color center can reach up to 33 ppm,which is superior to other current sensors and solves the problem of low linearity.When the range of input current is 5-40 A,the absolute error of the calculated current is less than 51μA,and the relative error is 2.42×10^(-6) at 40 A.Combined with the research content and results of the experiment,the application of the current sensor in the field of current precision measurement is prospected.

A high-performance, single-electrode and stretchable piezotriboelectric hybrid patch for omnidirectional biomechanical energy harvesting and motion monitoring

Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)have recently drawn much attention in the field of biomechanical energy harvesting and motion monitoring.However,the electrode stretchability and contact-separation model induced complicated packed structure remain a problem that heavily affects output performance during various human movements and requires to be urgently addressed.Here,a single-electrode piezotriboelectric hybrid nanogenerator(SEP-TENG)integrated with stretchable liquid-metal metal electrodes is reported,which simultaneously achieves outstanding energy harvesting performance and skincomfort human motion monitoring.A polarized piezoelectric BaTiO_(3)/silicon rubber(SR)composites film is served as the effective negative tribomaterial,benefiting from the improved dielectric constant and piezoelectric charge transfer,the optimized SEP-TENG generates a high peak power density of 5.7 W/m^(2) while contacted with human skin.Besides,owing to the ultralow Young's modulus of the SR encapsulation layer and tribo-piezoelectric hybrid layer,the homogeneous integrated multilayer composite serves no break till a 745%elongation,promoting that the SEP-TENG could effectively harvest biomechanical energy and realize stable power supplying for wearable electronics even under large deformation state.Furthermore,the SEP-TENG could comfortably attach to the finger joints and collect bending energy.This work provides a novel design methodology for a single-electrode TENG to realize omnidirectional biomechanical energy harvesting and motion monitoring.