华山松大小蠹(Dendroctonus armandi Tsai and Li)是中国特有种,是为害华山松的先锋型害虫,给秦巴山区森林生态造成了极大的破坏。由于其为害具有隐蔽性,发现时已造成华山松死亡。研究概述了现阶段华山松大小蠹的发生规律、入侵机制和...华山松大小蠹(Dendroctonus armandi Tsai and Li)是中国特有种,是为害华山松的先锋型害虫,给秦巴山区森林生态造成了极大的破坏。由于其为害具有隐蔽性,发现时已造成华山松死亡。研究概述了现阶段华山松大小蠹的发生规律、入侵机制和风险评估情况,并基于此对华山松大小蠹及大小蠹属的天敌昆虫进行了统计和预估分析,可为进一步开发和利用天敌昆虫提供参考依据。展开更多
目前,捕食脊椎动物的现象在非人灵长类动物中多有报道,如卷尾猴(Cebus capucinus,Rose,1996)、东非狒狒(Papio anubis,Harding,1973;Strum,1975)、猕猴(Macaca arctoides,Estrada and Estrada,1977;Macaca sylvanus,Young et al.,2012)...目前,捕食脊椎动物的现象在非人灵长类动物中多有报道,如卷尾猴(Cebus capucinus,Rose,1996)、东非狒狒(Papio anubis,Harding,1973;Strum,1975)、猕猴(Macaca arctoides,Estrada and Estrada,1977;Macaca sylvanus,Young et al.,2012)、西黑冠长臂猿(Nomascus concolor jingdongensis,Fan and Jiang,2009)、苏门答腊猩猩(Pongo abelii, Hardus et al.,2012)和黑握握^抓加尽-lodytes, Gilby et al., 2006;Newton-Fisher, 2014)等。展开更多
Tourism has been widely used as a conservation strategy that directly compensates local people or management authorities, thereby contributing to development and creating incentives to preserve the landscape. Reserves...Tourism has been widely used as a conservation strategy that directly compensates local people or management authorities, thereby contributing to development and creating incentives to preserve the landscape. Reserves or parks that are inhabited by flagship species may be able to generate more revenue through tourism than those without such species because flagship species have great potential for raising funds and creating publicity for conservation goals. In this paper, we examine flagship species tourism focused on observing the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve (SNNR). After the program was launched in 2006, both the number of tourists and amount of revenue received by SNNR increased as the general trends of tourism revenue in the country also increased. As a result, SNNR significantly increased rein- vestment in tourism and conservation infrastructure. Furthermore, after senior politicians visited the golden snub-nosed monkey, they abruptly changed their attitudes toward biological conservation, as indicated by an increase in both regular and additional funding for the species conservation. We conclude that flagship species tourism may not only generate revenue for conservation and management but also can improve officials' attitudes toward preserving biodiversity. However, it is important to ensure the continued safety and sustainability of such programs, from both the human and animal perspective, and we suggest stricter measures are introduced to reduce the risk of aerosol disease transmission from tourists to the monkeys.展开更多
Seed dispersal is essential for plant recruitment and the maintenance of biodiversity.Colobine monkeys are primarily folivorous,but they also consume fruits and are often assumed to be seed predators.Although they are...Seed dispersal is essential for plant recruitment and the maintenance of biodiversity.Colobine monkeys are primarily folivorous,but they also consume fruits and are often assumed to be seed predators.Although they are known to be epizoochorous seed dispersers,their role as endozoochorous seed dispersers needs reassessment.We examined potential endozoochory in golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana)at Dalongtan in Shennongjia National Park,central China,by assessing potential germination of ingested seeds(n=1806,9 species)from fecal samples.Intact seeds were in almost all fecal samples(ranging from 5-130 seeds),and ingested seeds were from small seeded species(seed width<4.5 mm).The 2 most abundant species were Actinidia arguta(73%)and Rosa caudata(15%).The fruits of A.arguta were unripe when ingested(i.e.effective seed predation)and the ingested seeds did not germinate in the trials.Therefore,ingestion of unripe seeds does not lead to effective seed dispersal.However,germination rates of defecated R.caudata(9%)were greater than control seeds(6%and 0%),demon-strating potential endozoochorous seed dispersal.Thus,colobine monkeys do indeed disperse mainly small-seeded from multi-seeded fruits through potential endozoochory and this process enhances the recruitment of seedlings.展开更多
文摘华山松大小蠹(Dendroctonus armandi Tsai and Li)是中国特有种,是为害华山松的先锋型害虫,给秦巴山区森林生态造成了极大的破坏。由于其为害具有隐蔽性,发现时已造成华山松死亡。研究概述了现阶段华山松大小蠹的发生规律、入侵机制和风险评估情况,并基于此对华山松大小蠹及大小蠹属的天敌昆虫进行了统计和预估分析,可为进一步开发和利用天敌昆虫提供参考依据。
文摘目前,捕食脊椎动物的现象在非人灵长类动物中多有报道,如卷尾猴(Cebus capucinus,Rose,1996)、东非狒狒(Papio anubis,Harding,1973;Strum,1975)、猕猴(Macaca arctoides,Estrada and Estrada,1977;Macaca sylvanus,Young et al.,2012)、西黑冠长臂猿(Nomascus concolor jingdongensis,Fan and Jiang,2009)、苏门答腊猩猩(Pongo abelii, Hardus et al.,2012)和黑握握^抓加尽-lodytes, Gilby et al., 2006;Newton-Fisher, 2014)等。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30870375 and 31071937)the Project of Public Benefit for the Forestry (201104073)the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411600)
文摘Tourism has been widely used as a conservation strategy that directly compensates local people or management authorities, thereby contributing to development and creating incentives to preserve the landscape. Reserves or parks that are inhabited by flagship species may be able to generate more revenue through tourism than those without such species because flagship species have great potential for raising funds and creating publicity for conservation goals. In this paper, we examine flagship species tourism focused on observing the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve (SNNR). After the program was launched in 2006, both the number of tourists and amount of revenue received by SNNR increased as the general trends of tourism revenue in the country also increased. As a result, SNNR significantly increased rein- vestment in tourism and conservation infrastructure. Furthermore, after senior politicians visited the golden snub-nosed monkey, they abruptly changed their attitudes toward biological conservation, as indicated by an increase in both regular and additional funding for the species conservation. We conclude that flagship species tourism may not only generate revenue for conservation and management but also can improve officials' attitudes toward preserving biodiversity. However, it is important to ensure the continued safety and sustainability of such programs, from both the human and animal perspective, and we suggest stricter measures are introduced to reduce the risk of aerosol disease transmission from tourists to the monkeys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870509,31670397).
文摘Seed dispersal is essential for plant recruitment and the maintenance of biodiversity.Colobine monkeys are primarily folivorous,but they also consume fruits and are often assumed to be seed predators.Although they are known to be epizoochorous seed dispersers,their role as endozoochorous seed dispersers needs reassessment.We examined potential endozoochory in golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana)at Dalongtan in Shennongjia National Park,central China,by assessing potential germination of ingested seeds(n=1806,9 species)from fecal samples.Intact seeds were in almost all fecal samples(ranging from 5-130 seeds),and ingested seeds were from small seeded species(seed width<4.5 mm).The 2 most abundant species were Actinidia arguta(73%)and Rosa caudata(15%).The fruits of A.arguta were unripe when ingested(i.e.effective seed predation)and the ingested seeds did not germinate in the trials.Therefore,ingestion of unripe seeds does not lead to effective seed dispersal.However,germination rates of defecated R.caudata(9%)were greater than control seeds(6%and 0%),demon-strating potential endozoochorous seed dispersal.Thus,colobine monkeys do indeed disperse mainly small-seeded from multi-seeded fruits through potential endozoochory and this process enhances the recruitment of seedlings.
