Construction of an immune-related prognostic model to predict prognosis and immunotherapy in liver cancer patients with hepatitis B virus-infected

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)appears to be strongly associated with immune-related genes.However,immune-related genes are not well understood as a prognostic marker in HCC caused by the hepatitis B virus(HBV).The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of immune-related genes in HBV-infected HCC.Methods:Gene expression data from 114 HBV-infected HCC and 50 normal tissues were integrated into The Cancer Genome Atlas.Differentially expressed immune-associated genes were analyzed to identify immune-associated differential genes associated with overall survival.Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and multivariate Cox regressions were used to constructing immunoprognostic models.An independent prognostic factor analysis using multiple Cox regressions was also performed for HBV-infected HCCs.Immunocorrelation analysis markers and immune cell infiltration were also investigated.Results:We found 113 differentially expressed immune-associated genes.Immune-related differential genes were significantly correlated with the overall survival of HCC patients.We constructed an immune-based prognostic model using multivariate Cox regression analysis including seven immune-related genes.According to further analysis,immune-related prognostic factors may serve as independent prognostic indicators in the clinical setting.There is also evidence that the 7-gene prognostic model reflects the tumor immune microenvironment as a result of the risk score model and immune cell infiltration.Conclusions:As a result of our study,we screened immune-related genes for prognosis in HBV-infected HCC and developed a novel immune-based prognostic model.The research not only provides new prognostic biomarkers but also offers insight into the tumor immune microenvironment and lays the theoretical groundwork for immunotherapy.

Investigation of a Cluster of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) with Possible Transmission During the Incubation Period--Shenyang City, China, 2020

In December of 2019,a novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)emerged in Wuhan China,which was later named COVID-19(1).It quickly spread and as of February 11,2020,there were 38,800 laboratoryconfirmed cases,16,067 suspected cases,and 1,113 attributable deaths that have affected all provinciallevel administrative divisions(PLADs)of China's Mainland(2).The first confirmed COVID-19 case in Shenyang City,the capital of Liaoning Province,occurred on January 22,2020,with a total of 9 confirmed cases by January 29,2020.Of these cases,4 were clustered in one family.Shenyang CDC immediately launched an investigation to determine routes of transmission,scale of the outbreak,and evidence for epidemic control.

The Establishment and Spatiotemporal History of A Novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE Lineage in Shenyang City, Northeastern China in 2002–2019

Dear Editor,In China,HIV-1 CRF01_AE has always been one of the most prevalent subtypes,especially among sexually active population,since it was initially reported in Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces during the early 1990s(Cheng et al.1994;Yu et al.1998;Chen et al.1999).Multiple independent introductions of CRF01_AE have led to the establishment of at least eight epidemic lineages in China,which have been circulating among different high-risk populations and have variable prevalence and geographic distribution(Li et al.2017).

An outbreak of rhinovirus infection in a primary school in Shenyang City,China,in 2022

Rhinovirus(RV)is a common pathogen that causes respiratory tract infection and can cause outbreaks in hos-pitals and welfare institutions.A cluster of respiratory diseases occurred in a primary school in Shenyang City,Liaoning Province,China,in 2022.In this outbreak,a total of 31 students had symptoms similar to those of upper respiratory tract infection,mainly cough and sore throat.Among them,27 throat swabs were collected and identified for respiratory pathogens by TaqMan low-density array(TLDA),quantitative real-time poly-merase chain reaction(PCR),reverse transcription-nested PCR and whole-genome sequencing.Out of the 27 specimens,24 tested positive for RV,and 21 RV viral protein 1 sequences were obtained,of which 15(71.43%)were identified as RV-A49,while 2 RV-A20 and 4 sequences from 2 specimens were RV-A30 coin-fected with RV-C15.In addition,one whole-genome sequence(WGS)of RV-A49 was obtained,and three unique amino acid mutations were found compared to 23 WGS of RV-A49 from GenBank.In conclusion,this outbreak of upper respiratory tract infection is caused by RV,mainly RV-A49.