The protective effects of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease:in silico and in vivo studies

Background:Panax notoginseng(PNE)is a prominent traditional Chinese medicine with extensive beneficial effects on the immune system.However,the precise mechanism of PNE in treating inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)remains unclear.Methods:We first used an extensive metabolomics approach utilizing UPLC-ESI-Q TRAP-MS/MS to identify the metabolite components of PNE aqueous extract.Moreover,the mechanism of PNE in treating IBD was investigated through in silico analysis including RNA-seq analysis,Network pharmacology and Molecular docking.Then a Drosophila toxin-induced intestinal inflammation model was employed to investigate further.Results:A total of 1,543 metabolites of PNE aqueous extract were characterized using UPLC-ESI-Q TRAP-MS/MS.In silico analyses showed that 97 IBD hub targets were targeted by 21 PNE ingredients.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results indicated that PNE may play an anti-IBD role through the Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway and other immune-related signaling pathways.Moreover,11 top hits compounds of PNE show a good affinity binding to IBD targets.The experimental results demonstrated that PNE can effectively improve the survival rate of adult Drosophila while also inhibit the excessive proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate.Furthermore,PNE notably lower the epithelial cell mortality,the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the activation of oxidative stress-associated jun-Nterminal kinase(JNK)pathway.Conclusion:Our data suggests that PNE aqueous extract has a significant protective impact on the intestinal homeostasis of Drosophila.These findings establish a basis for utilizing PNE in clinical investigations and managing IBD.

Preparation, characterization and evaluation of kaempferol phospholipid complex: Improvement of its solubility and biological effect

Kaempferol(KA),as one of the flavonoids,has extensive pharmacological properties.However,the poor solubility of KA severely limits its clinical application.In our study,the kaempferol phospholipid complex(KA-PC)has been prepared by solvent evaporation for the enhancement of the bioavailability of KA.KA-PC was verified by scanning electron microscope characterization methods.Drug loading,solubility and long-term stability were measured.The characterization results showed that KA-PC was formed through the intermolecular interaction between KA and phospholipids.The solubility of KA-PC in water was 189 times higher than that of KA,and the solubility in n-octanol was also significantly improved.Besides,pharmacodynamic studies showed that KA-PC can significantly reduce the level of serum uric acid in mice without causing renal injury.This study expanded the clinical application of KA by preparing KA-PC.

Using shape-memory alloy staples to treat comminuted manubrium sterni fractures: A case report

BACKGROUND Comminuted manubrium sterni fractures are rare,and internal fixation methods are limited.This report explored a practical and feasible method of internal fixation for comminuted manubrium sterni fractures.CASE SUMMARY A 17-year-old female was injured in a car accident for which she underwent debridement and suturing of her head and anterior chest wounds in another hospital.Eight days later,the patient was transferred to our hospital for surgical treatment.The manubrium sterni was found intraoperatively to be split into three irregular fragments with obvious overlap and separation displacement.Meanwhile,a manubriosternal joint dislocation and left first rib cartilage fracture were observed.The retraction force of the shape-memory alloy staples was used to pull the fracture fragments together.Two more titanium locking plates were then used to fix the manubrium sterni and corpus sterni longitudinally,and the left first rib cartilage fracture was repositioned and fixed with a titanium locking plate.A postoperative computed tomography scan showed reduced and rigid fixation of the comminuted manubrium sterni fractures.The patient recovered well with no significant complaints of discomfort.The patient was discharged 10 days postoperatively after the stitches had been removed.CONCLUSION Shape-memory alloy staples had the advantage of being safe and effective during the repositioning and internal fixation of comminuted manubrium sterni fractures.Therefore,they provided a new surgical option for comminuted manubrium sterni fractures.

Chemical constituents and biological activities of Artemisiae argyi

Artemisiae argyi(A.argyi)is a traditional medical plant,with medicinal and economic value.It has been used to treat diseases for more than 2000 years,and its application has been expanded in recent years with the in-depth research on the chemical composition and pharmacology.It is mainly used clinically for the treatment of“cold pain in the abdomen,cold clotting in the menstrual channels,cold infertility in the uterus,fetal movement,vomiting blood,epistaxis,pus and blood dysentery,and external treatment of itchy skin”and other symptoms.This paper reviews the research on the biological activity and chemical composition of A.argyi by scholars in recent decades.

Transplantation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell-induced neural stem cells to treat spinal cord injury

Because of their strong proliferative capacity and multi-potency, placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells have gained interest as a cell source in the field of nerve damage repair. In the present study, human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem ceils were induced to differentiate into neural stem cells, which were then transplanted into the spinal cord after local spinal cord injury in rats. The motor functional recovery and pathological changes in the injured spinal cord were observed for 3 successive weeks. The results showed that human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into neuron-like cells and that induced neural stem cells contribute to the restoration of injured spinal cord without causing transplant rejection. Thus, these cells promote the recovery of motor and sensory functions in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Therefore, human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells may be useful as seed cells during the repair of spinal cord injury.

Hot spots and future directions of research on the neuroprotective effects of nimodipine

Calcium antagonists are widely used in the clinical treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease because of their vascular and neuroprotective effects. Nimodipine, a typical calcium antagonist, can cross the blood-brain barrier and act selectively at neurons and blood vessels of target tis-sues, thus exerting neuroprotective effects. The aim of the present study was to explore the hot spots and future trends of research on the neuroprotective effects of nimodipine. We retrieved 425 articles on the neuroprotective effects of nimodipine that were indexed in the Web of the Science database between 2000 and 2014. The retrieved articles were analyzed using document analysis reporting and the derived information function in the Web of Science, and the infor-mation visualization software CiteSpace III. The reference co-citation network was plotted, and the high frequency key words in these publications were used to analyze the research fronts and development trends for nimodipine neuroprotection. According to these co-citation clusters, the research front of nimodipine neuroprotection is the use of randomized controlled trials to study nimodipine intervention of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Using time zone view analysis on hot spots labeled with a key word, the areas of interest in the ifeld of nimodipine neuroprotection are nimodipine pharmacology and therapeutics, blood-brain barrier, trials, and anti-angiospasm.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-loaded amniotic membrane for the repair of radial nerve injury

In this study, we loaded human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells onto human amniotic membrane with epithelial cells to prepare nerve conduits, i.e., a relatively closed nerve regeneration chamber. After neurolysis, the injured radial nerve was enwrapped with the prepared nerve conduit, which was fixed to the epineurium by sutures, with the cell on the inner surface of the conduit. Simultaneously, a 1.0 mL aliquot of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell suspension was injected into the distal and proximal ends of the injured radial nerve with 1.0 cm intervals. A total of 1.75 x 107 cells were seeded on the amniotic membrane. In the control group, patients received only neurolysis. At 12 weeks after cell transplantation, more than 80% of patients exhibited obvious improvements in muscular strength, and touch and pain sensations. In contrast, these improvements were observed only in 55-65% of control patients. At 8 and 12 weeks, muscular electrophysiological function in the region dominated by the injured radial nerve was significantly better in the transplantation group than the control group. After cell transplantation, no immunological rejections were observed. These findings suggest that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-loaded amniotic membrane can be used for the repair of radial nerve injury.

Metabonomic analysis of plasma biochemical changes in pyrexia rats after treatment with Gegenqinlian decoction,aspirin and itraconazole by UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS

A metabonomic approach involving an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS)was used to investigate the changes in the endogenous metabolites in the plasma of rats with yeast-induced pyrexia treated with Gegenqinlian decoction(GQLD),aspirin and itraconazole.The differences in the small molecule profiles of treatment using traditional Chinese medicine,etiological treatment and symptomatic treatment were elucidated.Thirty-six plasma metabolites were identified or putatively identified,and the effects of the three medicines on the thirty-six metabolites were studied.Their metabolic pathways indicated that GQLD,aspirin and itraconazole ameliorated the rats with yeast-induced pyrexia predominantly by regulating the metabolisms of phospholipid,sphingolipid,fatty acid oxidation,fatty acid amides,amino acid and glycerolipid in vivo.The pharmacodynamics and metabonomic results showed that the three medicines exhibited the therapeutic effects on pyrexia by regulating the perturbations of multiple metabolisms.The study provided a scientific basis for an in-depth understanding of the therapeutic effects of GQLD,aspirin and itraconazole on rats with yeast-induced pyrexia.

Neuroimaging diagnosis for cerebral infarction An 8-year bibliometric analysis

OBJECTIVE： To identify global research trends in neuroimaging diagnosis for cerebral infarction using a bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analysis of data retrieval for neuroimaging diagnosis for cerebral infarction containing the key words ＂CT, magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, transcranial Doppler, transvaginal color Doppler, digital subtraction angiography, and cerebral infarction＂ using the Web of Science. SELECTION CRITERIA： Inclusion criteria were： （a） peer-reviewed articles on neuroimaging diagnosis for cerebral infarction which were published and indexed in the Web of Science; （b） original research articles and reviews; and （c） publication between 2004-2011. Exclusion criteria were： （a） articles that required manual searching or telephone access; and （b） corrected papers or book chapters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1）Annual publication output; （2） distribution according to country; （3） distribution according to institution; （4） top cited publications; （5） distribution according to journals; and （6） comparison of study results on neuroimaging diagnosis for cerebral infarction. RESULTS： Imaging has become the predominant method used in diagnosing cerebral infarction. The most frequently used clinical imaging methods were digital subtraction angiography, CT, MRI, and transcranial color Doppler examination. Digital subtraction angiography is used as the gold standard. However, it is a costly and time-consuming invasive diagnosis that requires some radiation exposure, and is poorly accepted by patients. As such, it is mostly adopted in interventional therapy in the clinic. CT is now accepted as a rapid, simple, and reliable non-invasive method for use in diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease and preoperative appraisal. Ultrasonic Doppler can be used to reflect the hardness of the vascular wall and the nature of the plaque more clearly than CT and MRI. CONCLUSION： At present, there is no unified standard of classification of cerebral infarction imaging. Detection of clinical super-acute cerebral infarction remains controversial due to its changes on imaging, lack of specificity, and its similarity to a space-occupying lesion. Neuroimaging diagnosis for cerebral infarction remains a highly active area of research and development.

Efficacy and safety of fondaparinux versus enoxaparin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention treated with the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban

Background: In worldwide, the mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) raises year by year. Although the applications of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) and anticoagulants effectively reduce the mortality of patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS), but also increase the incidence of bleeding. Therefore, drugs with stable anticoagulant effects are urgently required.Methods: We enrolled 894 patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in Shenyang Northern Hospital from February 2010 to May 2012; 430 patients were included in the fondaparinux group(2.5mg/d), and 464 were included in the enoxaparin group(1mg/kg twice daily). Fondaparinux and enoxaparin were applied for 3–7 days. All patients were treated with tirofiban [10μg/kg for 3min initially and 0.15μg/(kg·min) for 1 to 3 days thereafter]. The primary efficacy endpoint was the incidence of a major adverse cerebrovascular or cardiovascular event. The primary safety endpoint was bleeding within 30 days and 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention.Results: One-year data were available for 422 patients in the fondaparinux group and for 453 in the enoxaparin group. The incidence of a major adverse cerebrovascular or cardiovascular event(10.9% vs 12.6%, P=0.433) and cardiac mortality(0.5% vs 1.5%, P=0.116) were generally lower in the fondaparinux group than in the enoxaparin group, although the differences were not significant. Compared with the enoxaparin group, the fondaparinux group had a significantly decreased rate of bleeding at 30 days(0.9% vs 2.9%, P=0.040) and 1 year(2.4% vs 5.5%, P=0.018). In addition, the rate of major bleeding events was lower in the fondaparinux group, but this difference was not significant(0.2% vs 0.9%, 0.2% vs 1.1%).Conclusion: In tirofiban-treated patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, fondaparinux presented similar efficacy for ischemia events as enoxaparin. However, fondaparinux significantly decreased the incidence of bleeding, thus providing safer anticoagulation therapy.

Stem cell transplantation for treating Parkinson's disease Literature analysis based on the Web of Science

OBJECTIVE： To identify global research trends of stem cell transplantation for treating Parkinson＇s disease using a bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analysis of data retrievals for stem cell transplantation for treating Parkinson＇s disease from 2002 to 2011 using the Web of Science. SELECTION CRITERIA： Inclusion criteria： （a） peer-reviewed articles on stem cell transplantation for treating Parkinson＇s disease which were published and indexed in the Web of Science; （b） type of articles： original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material and news items; （c） year of publication： 2002-2011. Exclusion criteria： （a） articles that required manual searching or telephone access; （b） we excluded documents that were not published in the public domain; （c） we excluded a number of corrected papers from the total number of articles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Type of literature; （2） annual publication output; （3） distribution according to journals; （4） distribution according to subject areas; （5） distribution according to country; （6） distribution according to institution; （7） comparison of countries that published the most papers on stem cell transplantation from different cell sources for treating Parkinson＇s disease; （8） comparison of institutions that published the most papers on stem cell transplantation from different cell sources for treating Parkinson＇s disease in the Web of Science from 2002 to 2011; （9） comparison of studies on stem cell transplantation from different cell sources for treating Parkinson＇s disease RESULTS： In total, 1 062 studies on stem cell transplantation for treating Parkinson＇s disease appeared in the Web of Science from 2002 to 2011, almost one third of which were from American authors and institutes. The number of studies on stem cell transplantation for treating Parkinson＇s disease had gradually increased over the past 10 years. Papers on stem cell transplantation for treating Parkinson＇s disease appeared in journals such as Stem Cells and Experimental Neurology. Although the United States published more articles addressing neural stem cell and embryonic stem cell transplantation for treating Parkinson＇s disease, China ranked first for articles published on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treating Parkinson＇s disease. CONCLUSION： From our analysis of the literature and research trends, we found that stem cell transplantation for treating Parkinson＇s disease may offer further benefits in regenerative medicine.

Clinical significance of expression of tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor in ulcerative colitis

AIM:To investigate the clinical significance of expression of tissue factor(TF)and tissue factor pathway inhibitor(TFPI)in ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS:Thirty UC specimens taken by colonoscopy from patients with active UC treated at the Department of Pathology,Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College from February 2010 to January 2012were included in an experimental group,and 30 normal colon tissue samples taken by colonoscopy from nonUC patients were included in a control group.Expression of TF and TFPI in UC and normal colon tissue samples was detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:The positive rate of TF in UC was significantly higher than that in normal colon tissue(63%vs33%,χ2=5.41,P<0.05).The positive rate of TFPI in UC was also significantly higher than that in normal colon tissue(43%vs 17%,χ2=5.08,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Positive rates of TF and TFPI expression in UC are significantly higher than those in normal colon tissue.TF and TFPI may play an important role in the pathogenesis of UC.

Ligustrazine facilitates hair cell regeneration in the cochlea following gentamicin ototoxicity

BACKGROUND： Ligustrazine （tetramethylpyrazine） decreases ototoxicity induced by gentamicin and facilitates hair cell regeneration and repair, but the precise mechanisms remain controversial.OBJECTIVE： To explore the protective effects of ligustrazine on gentamicin ototoxicity by determining heat shock protein 70 mRNA and protein expression in the cochlear stria vascularis of guinea pigs at different time points.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled study was performed at the Laboratory of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College of China in 2007.MATERIALS： Ligustrazine parenteral solution （Qiqihar Pharmaceutical Factory, China） and gentamicin sulfate （Shenyang First Pharmaceutical Factory, China） were used in this experiment.METHODS： White guinea pigs with red eyes were randomly intraperitoneally administered gentamicin sulfate injection ＋ saline, gentamicin sulfate injection ＋ ligustrazine, and ligustrazine ＋ saline, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Auditory brains tern response threshold was measured. Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and image analyzing techniques were utilized to determine heat shock protein 70 mRNA and protein expression in cochlear stria vascularis of guinea pigs.RESULTS： Following gentamicin ototoxicity, the auditory brainstem response threshold increased, peaked on day 3, and then decreased with increased time after drug withdrawal. The auditory brainstem response threshold was significantly diminished following ligustrazine intervention, but recovered to normal on day 30 （P〉0.05）. Heat shock protein 70 expression also increased, peaked on day 3, and then decreased in the cochlear stria vascularis of guinea pigs following gentamicin ototoxicity. Ligustrazine intervention resulted in decreased heat shock protein 70 expression in the cochlear stria vascularis, which recovered to normal on day 14. Heat shock protein 70 mRNA expression increased in the cochlear stria vascularis following gentamicin ototoxicity, but ligustrazine intervention resulted in decreased levels. CONCLUSION： Ligustrazine significantly ameliorated gentamicin ototoxicity by reducing heat shock protein 70 mRNA and protein expression in the cochlear stria vascularis.

Expression of early growth response factor-1 in rats with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and its significance

AIM: To observe the expressions of early growth response factor-1 (Egr-L) and tissue factor (TF) in rats with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and to explore its significance.METHODS: A large dose of cerulein was used to create the experimental acute pancreatitis model in rats. The changes of Egr-1 mRNA and protein in rats were observed during 30 min to 4 h after the treatment and immunohistochemical method was used to observe the localized expression of Egr-1 in tissues. In addition to the mRNA expression of Egr-1 target gene, TF was also observed. A blank control group, and a bombesinadministered group were used for comparison.RESULTS: After the stimulation of a large dose of cerulein,the rats showed typical inflammatory changes of acute pancreatitis. Thirty minutes after the stimulation, the mRNA expression of Egr-1 in the pancreatic tissue reached its peak and then declined, while the expression of Egr-1protein reached its peak 2 h after the stimulation.Histologically, 2 h after the stimulation, almost all pancreatic acinar cells had the expression of Egr-1 protein,which was focused in the nuclei. The mRNA expression of TF occurred 1 h after the stimulation and gradually increased within 4 h. However, a large dose of bombesin only stimulated the pancreatic tissue to produce a little mRNA expression of Egr-1 and no mRNA expression of Egr-1 protein and TF.CONCLUSION: Egr-1 as a pro-inflammatory transcription factor may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis by modulating the expression of TF.

Improved dissolution and oral absorption by co-grinding active drug probucol and ternary stabilizers mixtures with planetary beads-milling method

The objective of this work is to construct a nanosuspension drug delivery system of probucol,a BCS II drug,in order to improve its dissolution and oral bioavailability.The wet milling procedure using planetary beads-milling equipment was utilized to grind the raw probucol to ultrafine nanoparticle/nanocrystal aqueous suspension that was further solidified by freeze-drying process.Cellulose derivatives of different substitution groups and molecular weights,including HPMC,HPC,and MC,were evaluated as the primary stabilizer of probucol nanosuspension.Ternary stabilizers system composed of a primary stabilizer(cellulose derivative,i.e.HPC),a nonionic surfactant(Pluronic R F68),and an anionic surfactant(SDS)was employed to obtain probucol nanosuspension of finer particle size and enhanced dissolution in aqueous media.The probucol nanosuspension with good physical stability showed no obvious change of particle size even after storing over 7 d at 4°C or 25°C.The solidified probucol nanosuspension with trehalose as the cryoprotectant showed the highest dissolution rate(>60%at 2 h)compared to other cryoprotectant.The in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation indicated about 15-folds higher AUC value of the probucol nanosuspension compared to that of coarse probucol suspension after oral administration to rats.The probucol nanosuspension prepared by wet-milling and ternary stabilizers system may find wide applications for improving the dissolution and oral absorption of water-insoluble drugs.

Effect of scorpion venom analgesic active peptide extracted from Buthus martensii Karsch on evoked potential in the thalamic posterior nucleus group in rats

BACKGROUND： Buthus martensii Karsch is a rare medicinal animal, and dried integral Buthus rnartensii Karsch is an important drug in traditional Chinese medicine. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of scorpion venom analgesic active peptide （SAP） extracted from Buthus martensii Karsch on evoked unit discharge of the common peroneal nerve in the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus using a stereotaxic electrophysiological extracellular microelectrode recording. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： One-way designed study, performed in the Physiological Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College on September 15, 2006. MATERIALS： Fifty 3-4 months old Wistar rats （25 males and 25 females） were used. SAP was provided by Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. Morphine solution was made by the First Drug Manufactory, Northeastern Drug Manufacture Group （batch number： H20013351）. Naloxone solution was made by Hunan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. （batch number： H43021669）. Type ATAC-350 medical data processing equipment was made by the Photoelectricity Company, Japan. METHODS： Fifty rats were randomly divided into the SAP group （n=20）, saline group （n=10）, morphine group （n=10）, or naloxone group （n=10）. In the SAP group, the common peroneal nerve was separated and stimulated with a single square wave （17-19 V intensity; 0.2 ms width; 20 ms retardation time）. Subsequently, SAP （0.01%, 2 μL） was injected into the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus. Rats in the naloxone group were injected with naloxone （1.0 mg/kg i.v.） before SAP injection. Rats in the saline group and the morphine group were injected with saline （2 μL） or morphine （0.01%, 2μL）, respectively, before SAP injection. Other procedures were the same as those in the SAP group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Evoked discharge in the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus and effects of SAP alone and SAP in combination with saline, morphine, or naloxone on discharges in the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus as measured by TQ-19 medical data processing equipment. RESULTS： SAP group： At 1-3 minutes after SAP injection, evoked discharges in the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus were inhibited, and the inhibitory time lasted for （45.0±0.7） minutes. Saline group： Evoked discharges in the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus did not change after saline injection. Morphine group： At 1-3 minutes after morphine injection, evoked discharges in the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus were inhibited, and the inhibitory time lasted for （35.0±7.8） minutes. Naloxone group： SAP had no effects on evoked potentials in the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus. CONCLUSION： The inhibitory effect of SAP on evoked potentials was superior to that of morphine at the same concentration （2 μL of 0.01% solution）. Naloxone resupination demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of SAP on evoked discharges were influenced by the opioid receptor.

Changes of serum high sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND： Serum high sensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）, which regards as a high sensitive mark of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, can provide a lot of valuable information for the treatment and prognosis of cerebrovascular disease. OBJECTIVE： To observe the differences of blood glucose, lipid, homocysteine and previous disease history among patients with acute cerebral infarction at various levels of hs-CRP and compare changes of hs-CRP of patients with various degrees of neurologic impairment. DESIGN： Contrast observation. SETTING： Department of Neurology, Shenzhou Hospital, Shenyang Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 102 patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected from Department of Neurology, Shenzhou Hospital of Shenyang Medical College from February 2005 to September 2006, including 55 males and 47 females aged from 55 to 86 years. All accepted patients met the diagnostic criteria of cerebral infarction established by the Fourth National Cerebrovascular Disease Academic Meeting and were diagnosed with CT or MRI examination. All patients provided the confirmed consent. Based on clinical criteria of neurologic impairment established by the Fourth National Cerebrovascular Disease Academic Meeting, patients were randomly divided into mild group （0 - 15 points, n =46）, moderate group （16 - 30 points, n =38） and severe group （31 - 45 points, n =18）. In addition, based on hs-CRP level within 72 hours, patients were divided into normal group （hs-CRP ≤3 mg/L, n =53） and increasing group （hs-CRP 〉 3 mg/L, n =-49）. METHODS： ① 2 mL venous blood was selected from hospitalized patients in the next morning to separate serum. Quantitative measurement of hs-CRP was dealt with Latex Enhnced Turbidimetric Immunoassay （LETIA）. ②Fasting venous blood was colleted from hospitalized patients in the next morning to measure numeration of white blood cells, fibrinogen, blood glucose, total cholesterol （TC）, triacylglycerol （TG）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and homocysteine. ③Measurement data were compared with t test or analysis of variance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ①Comparisons of serum biochemical indexes among patients with various levels of hs-CRP; ②comparisons of risk factors among patients with various levels of hs-CRP; ③comparisons of levels of hs-CRP among patients with various degrees of clinical neurologic impairment. RESULTS： A total of 102 patients were involved in the final analysis. ①Plasma fibrinogen and numeration of leucocytes were more in the increasing group than those in the normal group （t =4.39, 3.54, P 〈 0.01）; while, there were no significant differences of blood glucose, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and homocysteine between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. ② Percentage of patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus （DM） was higher in the increasing group than the normal group （ Х^2=3.98, 4.23, P 〈 0.05）; while, percentage of patients with smoking in the increasing group was not significantly different from that of patients in the normal group （P 〉 0.05）. ③Level of hs-CRP of patients with severe neurologic impairment was higher than that of patients with moderate neurologic impairment （t =2.273, P 〈 0.05）; that of patients with moderate neurologic impairment was higher than that of patients with mild neurologic impairment （t =2.586, P 〈 0.05）; that of patients with severe neurologic impairment was obviously higher than that of patients with mild neurologic impairment （t = 4.913, P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： ① With the increase of hs-CRP, plasma fibrinogen and numeration of leucocytes of patients with acute cerebral infarction is increased, especially, they are increased remarkably among patients who have history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. ②Increase of level of hs-CRP can be regarded as one of marks to evaluate severity of acute stroke.

Application of medial column classification in treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures

BACKGROUND There are many types of treatments for calcaneal fractures,including conservative treatment,conventional surgical treatment,and minimally invasive surgery.The choice of specific treatment options is still controversial.Open reduction and internal fixation are currently the most commonly used surgical procedures in the clinic.A good fracture reduction effect can be achieved by using the lateral extension incision of the calcaneus;however,many studies have reported a high incidence of postoperative incision complications.Although there are many methods for the classification of intra-articular calcaneal fractures,it is generally believed that the computed tomography(CT)classification proposed by Sanders has high application value in the selection of treatment methods and evaluation of prognosis of calcaneal fractures.However,this method has no clear guiding significance for the choice of surgical incision and surgical plan.AIM To explore the application and clinical efficacy of medial column classification in the treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures.METHODS From July 2017 to July 2018,91 patients,including 60 males and 31 females aged 27 to 60 years,were enrolled.All participants had closed intra-articular calcaneal fracture,and their surgical options were selected under the guidance of medial column classification.The patients'fractures were classified according to the Sanders classification:Type II,35 cases;Type III,33 cases;and Type IV,23 cases.Among them,53 patients had medial column displacement(shortened varus)and underwent open reduction and internal fixation with L-lateral incision of the calcaneus;38 patients had no displacement of the medial column and underwent open reduction and internal fixation with tarsal sinus incision.The calcaneus Bohler angle,Gissane angle,length,width,height,and step thickness of the articular surface were evaluated by X-ray and three-dimensional CT before and after surgery and at the last follow-up.Foot function recovery was assessed by the Maryland foot scoring criteria.RESULTS All patients were followed for 5 to 14 mo,with an average of 10.5±2.9 mo.The fractures of all patients healed,and the healing time was 10 to 19 wk,with an average of 10.8±1.5 wk.One patient developed wound infection 1 wk after surgery and was actively debrided and implanted with antibiotic calcium sulfate to control the infection.The patient's fracture healed 5 mo after surgery.One patient developed a sural nerve injury,and the symptoms disappeared 3 mo after surgery.The patients were assessed according to the Maryland foot scoring system:Excellent in 77 cases,good in 10,and fair in 4.The excellent and good rate was 95.6%.CONCLUSION Medial column classification can effectively guide the surgical selection for intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus.

Rosuvastatin inhibits the smooth muscle cell proliferation by targeting TNFα mediated Rho kinase pathway

ObjectiveTo 调查是否肿瘤坏死 Factor-alpha ( TNF&#x003b1 ；)能够激活导致光滑的肌肉房间增长和 Rosuvastatin 的干预功能的 Rho kinase 小径，并且由光滑的肌肉房间是的 Rosuvastatin.MethodsWistar 出生不满一月的婴儿老鼠澄清机制和反动脉粥样硬化的干预举止有教养，并且房间增长的活动被甲基 thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT )决定。在 TNF&#x003b1 的刺激以后的 Rho kinase 基因的表示；被 RT-PCR 评估。西方的污点方法被用来测量增殖的房间的蛋白质表示在 TNF&#x003b1 以后的原子抗原(PCNA ) ；在光滑的肌肉 cell.ResultsThe TNF&#x003b1 的刺激和 Rosuvastatin 干预；刺激显著地提高了 Rho kinase 的表示并且在光滑的肌肉房间增加了 PCNA 蛋白质的表示(P &#x0003c；0.05 ) 。而另外的 Rosuvastatin 管理禁止了，这些效果断然与延长处理被相关上述效果(P &#x0003c；0.05 ) TNF&#x003b1 的 .ConclusionsThe 激活；调停的 Rho kinase 发信号小径能显著地支持光滑的肌肉房间增长，并且 Rosuvastatin 不能仅仅禁止这条小径而且导致的增长。

A Network Pharmacology Study to Uncover the Multiple Molecular Mechanism of the Chinese Patent Medicine Toujiequwen Granules in the Treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)

Since the outbreak of the novel corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)at the end of 2019,specific antiviral drugs have been lacking.A Chinese patent medicine Toujiequwen granules has been promoted in the treatment of COVID-19.The present study was designed to reveal the molecular mechanism of Toujiequwen granules against COVID-19.A network pharmacological method was applied to screen the main active ingredients of Toujiequwen granules.Network analysis of 149 active ingredients and 330 drug targets showed the most active ingredient interacting with many drug targets is quercetin.Drug targets most ffected by the active ingredients were PTGS2,PTGS1,and DPP4.Drug target disease enrichment analysis showed drug targets were significantly enriched in cardiovascular diseases and digestive tract diseases.An"active ingredient-target-disease"network showed that 57 active ingredients from Toujiequwen granules interacted with 15 key targets of COVID-19.There were 53 ingredients that could act on DPP4,suggesting that DPP4 may become a potential new key target for the treatment of COVID-19.GO analysis results showed that key targets were mainly enriched in the cellular response to lipopolysaccharide,cytokine activity and other functions.KEGG analysis showed they were mainly concentrated in viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptors and endocrine resistance pathway.The evidence suggests that Toujiequwen granules might play an effective role by improving the symptoms of underlying diseases in patients with COVID-19 and multi-target interventions against mutiple signaling pathways related to the pathogenesis of COVID-19.