The recent novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)outbreak,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),is seeing a rapid increase in infected patients worldwide.The host immune response to SARS-C...The recent novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)outbreak,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),is seeing a rapid increase in infected patients worldwide.The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appears to play a critical role in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations.SARS-CoV-2 not only activates antiviral immune responses,but can also cause uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release in patients with severe COVID-19,leading to lymphopenia,lymphocyte dysfunction,and granulocyte and monocyte abnormalities.These SARS-CoV-2-induced immune abnormalities may lead to infections by microorganisms,septic shock,and severe multiple organ dysfunction.Therefore,mechanisms underlying immune abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 must be elucidated to guide clinical management of the disease.Moreover,rational management of the immune responses to SARSCoV-2,which includes enhancing anti-viral immunity while inhibiting systemic inflammation,may be key to successful treatment.In this review,we discuss the immunopathology of COVID-19,its potential mechanisms,and clinical implications to aid the development of new therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Emergency Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Project of Henan Province(grant no.201100310900)the 2020 Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(grant no.202102310039)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.91942314,U1804281,81602024)the State’s Key Project of Research and Development Plan(grant nos.2018YFC1313400,2016YFC1303500)。
文摘The recent novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)outbreak,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),is seeing a rapid increase in infected patients worldwide.The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appears to play a critical role in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations.SARS-CoV-2 not only activates antiviral immune responses,but can also cause uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release in patients with severe COVID-19,leading to lymphopenia,lymphocyte dysfunction,and granulocyte and monocyte abnormalities.These SARS-CoV-2-induced immune abnormalities may lead to infections by microorganisms,septic shock,and severe multiple organ dysfunction.Therefore,mechanisms underlying immune abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 must be elucidated to guide clinical management of the disease.Moreover,rational management of the immune responses to SARSCoV-2,which includes enhancing anti-viral immunity while inhibiting systemic inflammation,may be key to successful treatment.In this review,we discuss the immunopathology of COVID-19,its potential mechanisms,and clinical implications to aid the development of new therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.
