Endoscopic mucosal resection with double band ligation versus endoscopic submucosal dissection for small rectal neuroendocrine tumors

BACKGROUND Endoscopic resection remains an effective method for the treatment of small rectal neuroendocrine tumors(NETs)(≤10 mm).Moreover,endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)with double band ligation(EMR-dB),a simplified modification of EMR with band ligation,is an alternative strategy to remove small rectal NETs.AIM To evaluate the feasibility and safety of EMR-dB for the treatment of small rectal NETs(≤10 mm).METHODS A total of 50 patients with small rectal NETs,without regional lymph node enlargement or distant metastasis confirmed by endoscopic ultrasound,computerized tomography scan,or magnetic resonance imaging,were enrolled in the study from March 2021 to June 2022.These patients were randomly assigned into the EMR-dB(n=25)group or endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)group(n=25).The characteristics of the patients and tumors,procedure time,devices cost,complete resection rate,complications,and recurrence outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS There were 25 patients(13 males,12 females;age range 28-68 years old)in the EMR-dB group,and the ESD group contained 25 patients(15 males,10 females;age range 25-70 years old).Both groups had similar lesion sizes(EMR-dB 4.53±1.02 mm,ESD 5.140±1.74 mm;P=0.141)and resected lesion sizes(1.32±0.52 cm vs 1.58±0.84 cm;P=0.269).Furthermore,the histological complete resection and en bloc resection rates were achieved in all patients(100%for each).In addition,there was no significant difference in the complication rate between the two groups.However,the procedure time was significantly shorter and the devices cost was significantly lower in the EMRdB group.Besides,there was no recurrence in both groups during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION The procedure time of EMR-dB was shorter compared with ESD,and both approaches showed a similar curative effect.Taken together,EMR-dB was a feasible and safe option for the treatment of small rectal NETs.

Inhibitory Effects of SRT1720 on the Apoptosis of Rabbit Chondrocytes by Activating SIRT1 via p53/bax and NF-κB/PGC-1αPathways

SRT1720, a new discovered drug, was reported to activate silent information regulator 1（SIRT1） and inhibit the chondrocyte apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, the chondrocytes were extracted from the cartilage tissues of New Zealand white rabbits, cultured in the presence of sodium nitroprusside（SNP）（2.5 mmol/L） and divided into five groups： 1, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L SRT1720 groups and blank control group（0 μmol/L SRT1720）. MTT assay was used to detect the chondrocyte viability and proliferation, and DAPI staining and flow cytometry to measure the chondrocyte apoptosis. The expression levels of SIRT1, p53, NF-κB/p65, Bax, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α（PGC-1α） were detected by Western blotting and the expression levels of SIRT1, type Ⅱ collagen, and aggrecan m RNA by RT-PCR. The results showed that in the SRT1720-treated groups, the nuclei of chondrocytes were morphologically intact and had uniform chromatin. In the blank control group, nuclear rupture into debris was observed in chondrocytes. With the SRT1720 concentration increasing, the chondrocyte viability increased, the apoptosis rate decreased, the protein expression levels of SIRT1 and PGC-1α and the m RNA expression levels of type Ⅱ collagen and aggrecan increased（P〈0.05）, and the expression levels of p53, NF-κB and bax decreased（P〈0.05）. It was suggested that SRT1720 inhibits chondrocyte apoptosis by activating the expression of SIRT1 via p53/bax and NF-κB/PGC-1α pathways.

Evaluation of the safety and efficiency of cytotoxic T cell therapy sensitized by tumor antigens original from T-ALL-iPSC in vivo

Background:Since RNA sequencing has shown that induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)share a common antigen profile with tumor cells,cancer vaccines that focus on iPSCs have made promising progress in recent years.Previously,we showed that iPSCs derived from leukemic cells of patients with primary T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL)have a gene expression profile similar to that of T-ALL cell lines.Methods:Mice with T-ALL were treated with dendritic and T(DC-T)cells loaded with intact and complete antigens from T-ALL-derived iPSCs(T-ALL-iPSCs).We evaluated the safety and antitumor efficiency of autologous tumor-derived iPSC antigens by flow cytometry,cytokine release assay,acute toxicity experiments,long-term toxicity experiments,and other methods.Results:Our results indicate that complete tumor antigens from T-ALL-iPSCs could inhibit the growth of inoculated tumors in immunocompromised mice without causing acute and long-term toxicity.Conclusion:T-ALL-iPSC-based treatment is safe and can be used as a potential strategy for leukemia immunotherapy.