Psychometric evaluation of Iranian version of nursing faculty’s incivility questionnaire

Objective:Faculty incivility is a growing problem in nursing schools that disrupts the learning process and affects nursing care of patients.Fostering and managing faculty incivility requires knowing this problem using a valid and reliable instrument.The purpose of this research was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the faculty’s perceived incivility questionnaire in the Iranian community.Methods:In this methodological study,the participants involved were 357 nursing students.They were selected between October and December 2019.The faculty’s perceived incivility questionnaire was evaluated in terms of content and construct validity.McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the construct validity of the questionnaire.Results:The content validity index(CVI)was 0.86-0.91 for the items and 0.87 for the whole instrument.In factor analysis,two factors of violent and irresponsible behaviors were extracted.These factors explained>41.769%of the variance.Model fit indices(Parsimonious Comparative Fit Index[PCFI]=0.783,Parsimonious Normed Fit Index[PNFI]=0.756,root mean square error of approximation[RMSEA]=0.051,Goodness-of-Fit Index[GFI]=0.955,Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index[AGFI]=0.932,Comparative Fit Index[CFI]=0.955,χ^(2)/df=2.26)indicated the proportion of factors.Internal consistency was 0.87-0.93.Conclusions:Faculty’s perceived incivility questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool with two factors that can be used to evaluate the incivility in Iranian faculty members.

Prevalence of Anemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective Anemia is a common public health concern in patients with type 2 diabetes worldwide.This study aimed to identify the prevalence of anemia among patients with diabetes.Methods Electronic databases,including PubMed,Scopus,Web of Sciences,and Google Scholar,were searched systematically for studies published between 2010 and 2021.After removing duplicates and inappropriate reports,the remaining manuscripts were reviewed and appraised using theNewcastleOttawa Scale(NOS)tool.A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled estimates of the extracted data using Stata version 17.Heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the Q statistic.Results A total of 51 articles containing information on 26,485 patients with diabetes were included in this study.The articles were mainly from Asia(58.82%)and Africa(35.29%).The overall prevalence of anemia was 35.45%(95%CI:30.30–40.76),with no evidence of heterogeneity by sex.Among the two continents with the highest number of studies,the prevalence of anemia in patients with diabetes was significantly higher in Asia[40.02;95%CI:32.72–47.54]compared to Africa[28.46;95%CI:21.90–35.50](P for heterogeneity=0.029).Moreover,there has been an increasing trend in the prevalence of anemia in patients with diabetes over time,from[15.28;95%CI:9.83–22.21]in 2012 to[40.70;95%CI:10.21–75.93]in 2022.Conclusion Globally,approximately 4 in 10 patients with diabetes suffer from anemia.Therefore,routine anemia screening and control programs every 3 months might be useful in improving the quality of life of these patients.

Epidemiology of COVID-19 in patients referred to health centers in the Nahavand city,western Iran

Background:Considering the need and importance of a comprehensive study of the disease of COVID-19,this research investigated the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Nahavand,a western city of Iran,from March 2020 to the end of the 20th.March 2021.Methods:This study is a retrospective study.Information on the epidemiology of COVID-19 was collected by the Infectious Diseases Department of the Nahavand Health Center.A logistic regression model was used to estimate the disease.All data in this study were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software.The presented statistics related to referrals to health centers with the result of a positive RT-PCR test.Results:The RT-PCR test was positive in 3544 patients and the average age of the patients was 47 years,also 49.4%of patients(n=1753)were men.Seventy eight percent of adult deaths occurred in people over 60 years old and 56.29%in men.Out of all the patients,27.12 percent had an underlying disease that 6.7%died.No deaths of children under 12 and pregnant women were reported.The association between travel history,patient contacts,underlying disease and pregnancy for COVID-19 was significant(P<0.001).Conclusion:The most important point to mention in this study is the effect of increasing age,underlying disease and male gender on increasing hospitalization and death due to COVID-19.Approximately 1.77%of Nahavand residents fell ill with COVID-19 in a defined period of time.More than 95%of patients were older than 20 years.

A review of Acanthamoeba keratitis in the Middle East and Iran

Acanthamoeba keratitis, a vision-threatening disease, is caused by a free-living amoeba of genus Acanthamoeba. Amoeba is widely distributed all around the world. Several cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis have been reported from the Middle East and Iran as well. The infection is mainly caused by inappropriate use of contact lens;therefore, it is more common among lens wearers. The number of reported cases worldwide is increasing annually due to the increasing number of contact lens wearers for medical or cosmetic reasons. It is known that early diagnosis and treatment can reduce consequent damages, while the delay in these processes will deteriorate the vision. Nowadays contact lens wearing, surgery and use of corticosteroids are known to predispose to Acanthamoeba keratitis, and it was also believed that trauma was the main cause. Increasing public knowledge about Acanthamoeba infection, inquiring the history of patients, clinical signs and laboratory findings can be helpful to early diagnosis and better treatment. Regardless of the increasing knowledge of diagnosis and treatment, this disease is still a challenge. Considering the long curative time, and insufficient efficacy of available treatments, it seems that the prevention is more important than the treatment. This review aimed to explain Acanthamoeba keratitis in the Middle East and Iran from the aspects of epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic treatment.

Microplastics in the atmosphere of Ahvaz City, Iran

Airborne particulate matter(PM) with an aerodynamic size cutoff of 10 μm(PM_(10)) has been collected using a high volume air sampler at two locations(urban and residential) in the city of Ahvaz, Iran, for sixteen 24-hour periods over four months(late summer to early winter).Microplastics(MPs) in the PM were isolated after sample digestion and were subsequently characterised by established techniques. All MPs sampled(n = 322) were of a fibrous nature,with polyethylene terephthalate, nylon and polypropylene being the dominant polymers and consistent with textiles and fabrics as the principal source. Despite a distinct seasonality(temperature and wind) over the study period, the abundance, size and colour of the fibres exhibited no clear temporal trend, and no clear differences were observed between the two sites. Concentrations of MPs ranged from none detected to about 0.017/m^(3)(median = 0.0065/m^(3)) and are at the low end of ranges reported in the recent literature for various urban and remote locations. While some MPs may have a local origin, the weathering of other MPs and their acquisition of extraneous geosolids and salts suggests that long-range transport is also important. Back-trajectory calculations indicate that regional sources are mainly to the north and west of Ahvaz, but a southerly, maritime source is also possible in late autumn. Although concentrations of MPs in the atmosphere are well below those encountered in indoor air, further studies are required to elucidate their potential ecological impacts.