Cancer organoids:A platform in basic and translational research

An accumulation of previous work has established organoids as good preclinical models of human tumors,facilitating translation from basic research to clinical practice.They are changing the paradigm of preclinical cancer research because they can recapitulate the heterogeneity and pathophysiology of human cancers and more closely approximate the complex tissue environment and structure found in clinical tumors than in vitro cell lines and animal models.However,the potential applications of cancer organoids remain to be comprehensively summarized.In the review,we firstly describe what is currently known about cancer organoid culture and then discuss in depth the basic mechanisms,including tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis,and describe recent advances in patient-derived tumor organoids(PDOs)for drug screening and immunological studies.Finally,the present challenges faced by organoid technology in clinical practice and its prospects are discussed.This review highlights that organoids may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer research.

The predictive role of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in the prognosis of adult patients with stroke

Our study aimed to determine the effect of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio on the prognosis of adult patients with acute stroke.We searched the Web of Science,PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases and selected all of the potentially eligible studies.From the included studies,we extracted characteristics such as the stroke type and acquisition time until routine blood collection and the odds ratios across studies.The 95%confidence intervals and odds ratios were pooled to calculate the effect size for the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in acute stroke patients.We defined poor function outcomes according to the modified Rankin Scale≥3 or Glasgow Outcome Scale<3.Thirteen studies with 4443 patients were included in our analysis,including 7 ischemic and 6 hemorrhagic stroke studies.The pooled odds ratios for poor functional outcome at 3 months with a higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic patients were 1.689(95%CI=1.184-2.409,p<0.001)and 1.125(95%CI=1.022-1.239,p<0.001),respectively,and the overall pooled odds ratio for poor functional outcome following stroke was 1.257(95%CI=1.146-1.379,p<0.001).At the same time,the overall combined odds ratio for death at 3 months was 1.632(95%CI=1.155-2.306,p<0.001).The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,an easily calculated marker,plays a predictive role in the short-term outcomes of adult patients(mean age≥50 years)following acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

The increasing expression of GPX7 related to the malignant clinical features leading to poor prognosis of glioma patients

Background:Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults.The standard treatment scheme of glioma is surgical resection combined alternative radio-and chemotherapy.However,the outcome of glioma patients was unsatisfied.Here,we aimed to explore the molecular and biological function characteristics of GPX7 in glioma.Methods:The multidimensional data of glioma samples were downloaded from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas(CGGA).RT-qPCR method was used to identify the expression status of GPX7.Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to explore the prognostic value of GPX7.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA)was applied to investigate the GPX7-related functions in glioma.Results:The results indicated that the expression of GPX7 in glioma was higher compared to that in normal brain tissue.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses confirmed that the expression value of GPX7 was an independent prognostic factor in glioma.The GSEA analysis showed that GPX7 was significantly enriched in the cell cycle pathway,ECM pathway,focal adhesion pathway,and toll-like receptor pathway.Conclusions:The GPX7 was recommended as an independent risk factor for patients diagnosed with glioma for the first time and GPX7 could be potentially used as the therapy target in future.Furthermore,we attempted to explore a potential biomarker for improving the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with glioma.