基于形函数方法快速识别结构动态荷载的试验验证

在动态荷载识别中常常由于矩阵的病态性影响识别的精度,利用有限元理论中的形函数逼近荷载曲线,将识别离散的荷载历程转化为计算有限的形函数权重,从而显著改善反卷积法识别荷载中存在的采样时间长或采样频率高时数值求解困难的问题;并能改善反问题的病态性,提高对噪声的鲁棒性。一个连续梁的数值算例比较验证了该方法在5%的高斯噪声影响下能精确地识别未知荷载。悬臂梁试验中,通过实测的结构动态响应,在移动时间窗内利用荷载形函数方法可以实现激励的在线识别。

基于虚拟变形法的移动质量识别方法研究

在车-桥耦合系统的移动质量(荷载)识别反问题中,识别移动质量会面临重构系统、优化缓慢的问题;而若直接识别移动荷载常常会遇到病态问题且对噪音敏感。针对这些缺陷,根据虚拟变形法(VDM)的结构快速重分析思想,提出移动动态影响矩阵,实现利用较少的传感器即可快速而准确地识别移动质量(荷载)。以移动质量为优化变量,避免了识别荷载常遇到的病态问题,对噪音鲁棒性强;且需要传感器信息少。每步优化中,利用移动动态影响矩阵,无需时时重构车-桥耦合系统的时变系统参数矩阵,优化效率高。VDM方法的思想是将实际结构的响应计算转化为初始结构模型在相同外荷载作用下的响应,与在结构模型发生改变的位置施加相关的虚拟变形或虚拟力引起的响应的线性叠加。通过简支梁模型和框架梁模型验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,即使在5%的噪声影响下,利用一个传感器就可以很好地识别多个移动质量。

考虑桥路面粗糙度的移动体参数识别

基于虚拟变形(VDM)方法中移动动态影响矩阵的概念,利用双自由度质量-弹簧阻尼模型模拟移动车辆,系统推导和阐述了车-桥耦合系统中粗糙路面上移动体参数的识别方法。以移动体参数的修正因子为优化变量,通过最小化桥体结构实测响应和计算响应的平方距离进行识别,识别精度高,对噪声鲁棒性强,且较少的传感器就能识别多个移动体参数。利用移动动态影响矩阵,每步优化中无需时时重构系统参数矩阵,计算效率高。利用一个三跨连续梁模型验证该方法的有效性,在5%的噪声影响下,利用一个传感器可以准确地识别多个移动体参数和移动荷载。此外,通过比较平坦路面与粗糙路面上的移动体参数的识别方法和结果,结合车体参数的灵敏度分析,说明了路面粗糙度、移动体参数对结构响应的影响及不同情况下参数识别中优化变量的选取原则。

Substructure isolation and damage identification using free responses

Structural health monitoring （SHM） has become a hot and intensively researched field in civil engineering. Thereinto, damage identification play an important role in maintaining structural integrity and safety. Many effective methods have been proposed for damage identification. However, accurate global identification of large real-world structures is not easy due to their com- plex and often unknown boundary conditions, nonlinear components, insensitivity of glohal response to localized damages, etc. Furthermore, global identification often requires lots of sensors and involves large number of unknowns. This is costly, rarely feasible in practice, and usually yields severely ill-conditioned identification problems. Substructuring approach is a possible solution： substructuring methods can focus on local small substructures; they need only a few sensors placed on the substruc- ture and yield smaller and numerically much more feasible identification problems. This paper proposed an improved sub- structure method using local free response for substructure damage identification. The virtual supports are constructed by Sub- structure Isolation Method （SIM） using the linear combination of the substructural responses. The influence of the global errors is isolated by adding the virtual supports on the main degree of freedoms （DOFs） of the substructure. Through the correlation analysis, the substructural modes are selected and used for damage identification of the substructure. A plain model of cable stayed bridge is used for the verification of the proposed method.