Synergy of I-Cl co-occupation on halogen-rich argyrodites and resultant dual-layer interface for advanced all-solid-state Li metal batteries

The(electro)chemical stability and Li dendrite suppression capability of sulfide solid electrolytes(SEs)need further improvement for developing all-solid-state Li batteries(ASSLBs).Here,we report advanced halogen-rich argyrodites via I and Cl co-occupation on the crystal lattice.Notably,a proper I content forms a single phase,whereas an excessive I causes precipitation of two argyrodite phases like a superlattice structure.The resultant synergistic effect of the optimized composition allows to gain high ionic conductivities at room temperature and-20℃,and enhances the(electro)chemical stability against Li and Li dendrite suppression capability.The Li|argyrodite interface is very sensitive to the ratio of I and Cl.A LiCl-and LiI-rich double-layer interface is observed from the cell using the SE with optimized composition,whereas too high I content forms only a single interface layer with a mixture of Lil and LiCl.This double-layer interface is found to effectively mitigate the Li/SE reaction.The proper designed argyrodite enables ASSLBs to achieve good electrochemical properties at a broad temperature range regardless of the electrode materials.This co-occupation strategy provides a novel exploration for advanced halogen-rich argyrodite system.

Carbon-Based Flexible and All-Solid-State Micro-supercapacitors Fabricated by Inkjet Printing with Enhanced Performance

By means of inkjet printing technique, flexible and all-solid-state micro-supercapacitors(MSCs) were fabricated with carbon-based hybrid ink composed of graphene oxide(GO,98.0vol.%) ink and commercial pen ink(2.0vol.%). A small amount of commercial pen ink was added to effectively reduce the agglomeration of theGO sheets during solvent evaporation and the following reduction processes in which the presence of graphite carbon nanoparticles served as nano-spacer to separate GO sheets. The printed device fabricated using the hybrid ink,combined with the binder-free microelectrodes and interdigital microelectrode configuration, exhibits nearly 780%enhancement in areal capacitance compared with that of pure GO ink. It also shows excellent flexibility and cycling stability with nearly 100% retention of the areal capacitance after 10,000 cycles. The all-solid-state device can be optionally connected in series or in parallel to meet the voltage and capacity requirements for a given application.This work demonstrates a promising future of the carbonbased hybrid ink for directly large-scale inkjet printing MSCs for disposable energy storage devices.

High performance room temperature all-solid-state Na-SexS battery with Na3SbS4-coated cathode via aqueous solution

All-solid-state(ASS)Na-S batteries are promising for large-scale energy storage because of the incombustible solid electrolyte and avoiding the dissolution of intermediates.However,the poor contact between the active material and the solid electrolyte in the positive electrode leads to poor electrochemical performance.Here,we report an aqueous solution approach to fabricate Na3SbS4-coated SexS-based active materials for a Na-S battery working at room temperature.Compared with the Na3SbS4 and SexS mixed cathode,the coated cathode achieves significantly improved Na-ion diffusion kinetics and reduced impedance resistance.Additionally,the nanoparticle coating sustains the volume expansion of the cathode during cycling.The resulting batteries deliver an intensively enhanced specific capacity at various rates.Regardless of the mass loading,the Na3SbS4-coated cathode maintains a decent reversible capacity for the long-term discharge/charge cycling.The best battery achieves an initial discharge capacity of509 mAh g^-1 at a current density of 437.4 mA g^-1 and capacity retention of 98.9%for 100 cycles.To the best of our knowledge,this is one of the best room temperature ASS Na-S battery so far.This work demonstrates that Na3SbS4 is very promising for the cathode coating purpose for ASS Na-S batteries.

Efficient Tunable All-Solid-state Pyrromethene Dye Laser Pumped by a Laser-Diode Pumped Nd:YAG Laser

Efficient and stable laser dyes pyrromethene-BF2 complexes were successfully incorporated into organically modified silicate(Ormosil)matrices via sol-gel process.Laser oscillation were easily observed in all hand-polished dye-doped Ormosils pumped by frequency-doubled radiation from a laser-diode pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser.A slope efficiency of 57% has been obtained from one of the dyes in Ormosil,the cavity was continuously tunable over 50nm,from 550 to 600nm.The laser output energy has only 10% reduction after 3.0×10^(4) pulses at a pump repetition rate of 30Hz and a pump intensity of 1 J/cm^(2).An efficient,all-solid-state,compact,long-lifetime,and tunable dye laser has been demonstrated.

A Polymeric/Inorganic Nanocomposite for Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

A novel nanocomposite consisting of poly （3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene）/poly （styre-nesulfonate） （PEDOT/PSS） and CuI was synthesized via the reduction of CuCl2 by NaI in an aqueous PEDOT/PSS solution. The CuI in the composite was pure γ-phase, as was characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The dye-sensitized solar cell with PEDOT/PSS-CuI （15% in wt） nanocomposlte as hole-transport electrolyte exhibited a considerable photocurrent, photovoltage and energy conversion efficiency （i.e. Jsc = 0.50 mA·cm^-2, Voc = 0.44 V, η= 0.1%）.

Solid-State Reaction and Vacancy-Type Defects in Bilayer Fe/Hf Studied by the Slow Positron Beam

The positron annihilation lifetimes and the Doppler broadening by slow positron beam are measured in thin Fe films with thickness 500 nm, a thin Hf film with thickness 100 nm, and the bilayer Fe (50 nm)/Hf (50 nm) on quartz glass substrate. We have analyzed the behavior in vacancy-type defects in each layer through some deposition temperatures and annealing. It is observed that the thin Fe film, the thin Hf film, and the bilayer Fe (50 nm)/Hf (50 nm) already contain many vacancy-type defects. We have investigated the change of densities of the vacancy-carbon complex and the small vacancy-cluster with carbons, through solid-state amorphization of Fe (50 nm)/Hf (50 nm) bilayer.

Assembly of functional carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethylene oxide/anatase TiO_(2) nanocomposites and tuning the dielectric relaxation, optical, and photoluminescence performances

Nanocomposite films consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose,polyethylene oxide(CMC/PEO),and anatase titanium diox-ide(TO)were produced by the use of sol-gel and solution casting techniques.TiO2 nanocrystals were effectively incorporated into CMC/PEO polymers,as shown by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)analysis.The roughness growth is at high levels of TO nanocrystals(TO NCs),which means increasing active sites and defects in CMC/PEO.In differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)thermograms,the change in glass transition temperature(Tg)val-ues verifies that the polymer blend interacts with TO NCs.The increment proportions of TO NCs have a notable impact on the dielectric performances of the nanocomposites,as observed.The electrical properties of the CMC/PEO/TO nanocomposite undergo significant changes.The nanocomposite films exhibit a red alteration in the absorption edge as the concentration of TO NCs increases in the polymer blend.The decline in the energy gap is readily apparent as the weight percentage of TO NCs increases.The photoluminescence(PL)emission spectra indicate that the sites of the luminescence peak maximums show slight variation;peaks get wider,while their intensities decrease dramatically as the concentration of TO increases.These nanocomposite materials show potential for multifunctional applications including optoelectronics,antireflection coatings,pho-tocatalysis,light emitting diodes,and solid polymer electrolytes.

Geometries and electronic structures of Zr_(n)Cu(n=2–12) clusters: A joint machine-learning potential density functional theory investigation

Zr-based amorphous alloys have attracted extensive attention because of their large glassy formation ability, wide supercooled liquid region, high elasticity, and unique mechanical strength induced by their icosahedral local structures.To determine the microstructures of Zr–Cu clusters, the stable and metastable geometry of Zr_(n)Cu(n=2–12) clusters are screened out via the CALYPSO method using machine-learning potentials, and then the electronic structures are investigated using density functional theory. The results show that the Zr_(n)Cu(n ≥ 3) clusters possess three-dimensional geometries, Zr_(n)Cu(n≥9) possess cage-like geometries, and the Zr_(12)Cu cluster has icosahedral geometry. The binding energy per atom gradually gets enlarged with the increase in the size of the clusters, and Zr_(n)Cu(n=5,7,9,12) have relatively better stability than their neighbors. The magnetic moment of most Zr_(n)Cu clusters is just 1μB, and the main components of the highest occupied molecular orbitals(HOMOs) in the Zr_(12)Cu cluster come from the Zr-d state. There are hardly any localized two-center bonds, and there are about 20 σ-type delocalized three-center bonds.

Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure Evolution during Tensile Deformation of Twinning Induced Plasticity Steel Processed by Warm Forgings

The mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of an Fe-30Mn-3Al-3Si twinninginduced plasticity(TWIP)steel processed using warm forging was investigated.It is found that steel processed via warm forging improves comprehensive mechanical properties compared to the TWIP steel processed via cold rolling,with a high tensile strength(R_(m))of 793 MPa,a yield strength(R_(P))of 682 MPa,an extremely large R_(P)/R_(m)ratio as high as 0.86 as well as an excellent elongation rate of 46.8%.The microstructure observation demonstrates that steel processed by warm forging consists of large and elongated grains together with fine,equiaxed grains.Complicated micro-defect configurations were also observed within the steel,including dense dislocation networks and a few coarse deformation twins.As the plastic deformation proceeds,the densities of dislocations and deformation twins significantly increase.Moreover,a great number of slip lines could be observed in the elongated grains.These findings reveal that a much more dramatic interaction between microstructural defect and dislocations glide takes place in the forging sample,wherein the fine and equiaxed grains propagated dislocations more rapidly,together with initial defect configurations,are responsible for enhanced strength properties.Meanwhile,larger,elongated grains with more prevalently activated deformation twins result in high plasticity.

Majorana tunneling in a one-dimensional wire with non-Hermitian double quantum dots

The combination of non-Hermitian physics and Majorana fermions can give rise to new effects in quantum transport systems. In this work, we investigate the interplay of PT-symmetric complex potentials, Majorana tunneling and interdot tunneling in a non-Hermitian double quantum dots system. It is found that in the weak-coupling regime the Majorana tunneling has pronounced effects on the transport properties of such a system, manifested as splitting of the single peak into three and a reduced 1/4 peak in the transmission function. In the presence of the PT-symmetric complex potentials and interdot tunneling, the 1/4 central peak is robust against them, while the two side peaks are tuned by them. The interdot tunneling only induces asymmetry, instead of moving the conductance peak, due to the robustness of the Majorana modes. There is an exceptional point induced by the union of Majorana tunneling and interdot tunneling. With increased PT-symmetric complex potentials, the two side peaks will move towards each other. When the exceptional point is passed through, these two side peaks will disappear. In the strong-coupling regime, the Majorana fermion induces a 1/4 conductance dip instead of the three-peak structure. PT-symmetric complex potentials induce two conductance dips pinned at the exceptional point. These effects should be accessible in experiments.

Influence of High-Pressure Induced Lattice Dislocations and Distortions on Thermoelectric Performance of Pristine SnTe

As a sister compound of PbTe, SnTe possesses the environmentally friendly elements. However, the pristine SnTe compounds suffer from the high carrier concentration, the large valence band offset between the L and Σpositions and high thermal conductivity. Using high-pressure and high-temperature technology, we synthesized the pristine SnTe samples at different pressures and systemically investigated their thermoelectric properties.High pressure induces rich microstructures, including the high-density dislocations and lattice distortions, which serve as the strong phonon scattering centers, thereby reducing the lattice thermal conductivity. For the electrical properties, pressure reduces the harmful high carrier concentration, due to the depression of Sn vacancies.Moreover, pressure induces the valence band convergence, reducing the energy separation between the L and Σpositions. The band convergence and suppressed carrier concentration increase the Seebeck coefficient. Thus, the power factors of pressure-sintered compounds do not deteriorate significantly under the condition of decreasing electrical conductivity. Ultimately, for a pristine SnTe compound synthesized at 5 GPa, a higher ZT value of 0.51 is achieved at 750 K, representing a 140% improvement compared to the value of 0.21 obtained using SPS. Therefore, the high-pressure and high-temperature technology is demonstrated as an effectively approach to optimize thermoelectric performance.

Fully polarized Compton scattering in plane waves and its polarization transfer

Fully polarized Compton scattering from a beam of spin-polarized electrons is investigated in plane-wave backgrounds in a broad intensity region from the perturbative to the nonperturbative regimes.In the perturbative regime,polarized linear Compton scattering is considered for investigating polarization transfer from a single laser photon to a scattered photon,and in the high-intensity region,the polarized locally monochromatic approximation and locally constant field approximation are established and are employed to study polarization transfer from an incoming electron to a scattered photon.The numerical results suggest an appreciable improvement of about 10%in the scattering probability in the intermediate-intensity region if the electron’s longitudinal spin is parallel to the laser rotation.The longitudinal spin of the incoming electron can be transferred to the scattered photon with an efficiency that increases with laser intensity and collisional energy.For collision between an optical laser with frequency1 eV and a 10 GeV electron,this polarization transfer efficiency can increase from about 20%in the perturbative regime to about 50%in the nonperturbative regime for scattered photons with relatively high energy.

Linear magnetoresistance and structural distortion in layered SrCu_(4-x)P_(2) single crystals

We report a systematic study on layered metal SrCu_(4-x)P_(2) single crystals via transport, magnetization, thermodynamic measurements and structural characterization. We find that the crystals show large linear magnetoresistance without any sign of saturation with a magnetic field up to 30T. We also observe a phase transition with significant anomalies in resistivity and heat capacity at T_(p)~140 K. Thermal expansion measurement reveals a subtle lattice parameter variation near Tp, i.e.,?L_(c)/L_(c)~0.062%. The structural characterization confines that there is no structure transition below and above T_(p). All these results suggest that the nonmagnetic transition of SrCu_(4-x)P_(2) could be associated with structural distortion.

Oxygen‑Coordinated Single Mn Sites for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction has attracted increasing attention due to its goal of low carbon emission and environmental protection.Here,we report an efficient NitRR catalyst composed of single Mn sites with atomically dispersed oxygen(O)coordination on bacterial cellulose-converted graphitic carbon(Mn-O-C).Evidence of the atomically dispersed Mn-(O-C_(2))_(4)moieties embedding in the exposed basal plane of carbon surface is confirmed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy.As a result,the as-synthesized Mn-O-C catalyst exhibits superior NitRR activity with an NH_(3)yield rate(RNH_(3))of 1476.9±62.6μg h^(−1)cm^(−2)at−0.7 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode,RHE)and a faradaic efficiency(FE)of 89.0±3.8%at−0.5 V(vs.RHE)under ambient conditions.Further,when evaluated with a practical flow cell,Mn-O-C shows a high RNH_(3)of 3706.7±552.0μg h^(−1)cm^(−2)at a current density of 100 mA cm−2,2.5 times of that in the H cell.The in situ FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic studies combined with theoretical calculations indicate that the Mn-(O-C_(2))_(4)sites not only effectively inhibit the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction,but also greatly promote the adsorption and activation of nitrate(NO_(3)^(−)),thus boosting both the FE and selectivity of NH_(3)over Mn-(O-C_(2))_(4)sites.

Optical Tamm States in Dielectric Photonic Crystal Heterostructure

我们调查一个维的绝缘的 photonic 水晶和二乐队差距的重叠形成的光 Tamm 模式并且发现这种模式能被掘效果的单个否定材料解释。有限尺寸的绝缘的 photonic 乐队差距能模仿一个种有点否定的材料，这个性质易感知地等等在站乐队区域和表面结束取决于频率地点。有效阻抗火柴和有效阶段火柴给光 Tamm 模式的精确位置。经由掘的完全的透明性被二不透明的媒介完成并且表明我们的途径的有效性。

Charge Density Wave States and Structural Transition in Layered Chalcogenide TaSe_(2-x)Te_x

The structural features and three-dimensional nature of the charge density wave （CDW） state of the layered chalcogenide 1T-TaSe2-xTex （0≤x≤2.0） are characterized by Cs-corrected transmission electron microscopy measurements. Notable changes of both average structure and the CDW state arising from Te substitution for Se are clearly demonstrated in samples with x〉0.3. The commensurate CDW state characterized by the known star-of-David clustering in the 1T-TaSe2 crystal becomes visibly unstable with Te substitution and vanishes when x=0.3. The 1T-TaSe2-xTex （0.3≤x≤1.3） samples generally adopt a remarkable incommensurate CDW state with monoclinic distortion, which could be fundamentally in correlation with the strong qq-dependent electron-phonon coupling-induced period-lattice-distortion as identified in TaTe22. Systematic analysis demonstrates that the occurrence of superconductivity is related to the suppression of the commensurate CDW phase and the presence of discommensuration is an evident structural feature observed in the superconducting samples.

Magnetic and Electric Charges in Physics and Technology of Electromagnetic and Magnetoelectric Induction

Experimental and theoretical researches performed by the author (period: 1969-present) showed that magnetic spinor particles (magnetic charges) are real structural components of atoms and substance and immediate sources of all magnetic fields and magnetic manifestations in Nature. Magnetic charges, that constitute together with electrical charges atomic shells got of title: magnetons and antimagnetons (respectively with charges g−and g+ under fundamental condition: g = e). Furthermore, in addition to participating in structures of atomic shells, the magnetic charges exist in potential and even in real zones conduction of solids. The magnetic and electric spinor particles in atoms and substance exist in form such of the spinor associations as the magnetic and electric bispinors. Under influence of external magnetic field in conductor being implemented polarization of magnetic bispinors with formation of magnetic dipoles. Internal fields magnetic dipoles is directed against an external magnetic field and is a simple explanation of such a physical manifestation as diamagnetism. During the rotation of these dipoles in the conductor are formed of the vortex magnetic dipole fields, which and create an electromotive force, i.e. are responsible for the electromagnetic induction. Author proposed new magneto-electric technology called the magnetoelectric induction, as the result of which the permanent current of magnetic charges is created. However, such currents may be implemented solely in the superconductors. In the article presented the main reasons which more hundred year old hinder recognition and technical use of the real magnetic charges and their currents what considerably slow down the global scientific and technological progress.

Nuclear Physics with Magnetic Charges

The magnetic spinor particles (magnetic charges) are the real structural components all varieties of the Mass, for example, atoms, nucleons, positrons and neutrinos. Atomic-shaped device of Mass is the natural and the only possible organization of electric and magnetic charges which can create a gravitational field. At level of a popular language one can define nucleons as “small atoms”, and positron and neutrino as “very small atoms”. The electric and magnetic fundamental particles in neutron and proton shells which by tradition should be called quarks have charges of smaller magnitude than the charges of particles in atomic shells. Positron which participates in the gravitational interaction and, consequently, has an atomic-shaped device is the most likely candidate for the role of the proton nucleus. The most likely candidate particles on the participation in nuclei of proton and neutron as well as in nuclei of the positron and neutrino are presented in the article. So-called abnormal magnetic moment of neutron is formed by the quark magnetic dipoles which are like to unpaired electrons in the so-called magnetic atoms rotate on the outer orbitals of the neutron shell. The participation of the “magnetic electron” (magneton) in the neutrino core assumes the existence of the so-called anomalous magnetic moment and in the neutrino shell. The existence of real magnetic charges in the structures of the Mass draws our attention on such important problem as interaction between charges in the framework of electromagnetic dipoles such as and in which manifest the weak attraction. Weak interaction by its nature is electromagnetic. So-called electromagnetic interaction, manifested in pairs of homogeneous charges of opposite signs, is either electric or magnetic, but not electromagnetic. The explanation of the weak interaction in the marked pairs of charges is based on the author’s concept of the World Physical Triad and “Dark Energy”. Forces responsible for the interaction of the charges composing the electromagnetic dipoles correspond, conditionally of the weak charges of the particles which what assume mutual suppression of the influence of their fields on the Energo-medium and the formation of the weak “Dark energy”. Complex of magnetic particles, the quark magnetic dipoles and magneton by means of which the interconversion of a proton and a neutron is realized and maintained their constant number in the atomic nuclei can be called as magnetic meson. Namely, a processes of interconversion between a neutron and a proton which, as a rule, are not accompanied by secretions, created the illusion of neutron stability in atomic nuclei. The energy created by an exchange of magnetic mesons between neutron and proton can be a component of nuclear forces (strong interaction). Another effective and, most likely, the main component in the composition of the nuclear forces is the gravitational “Dark Energy”. Physics and structure of neutrinos presented in the paper suggest that the nature of these particles closer to the ideology of E. Majorana than P. Dirac’s.

Real Magnetic Poles (Magnetic Charges) in the Physics of Magnetism, Gravitation and Levitation

Experiments executed by author of the present article (period 1968-1992) showed that the magnetic spinorial particles (magnetic charges) are real structural components of atoms and substance and are immediate sources of all magnetic fields in Nature. Joint orbital currents of electric and magnetic charges within atomic shells are the natural sources of gravitational field which is a vortical electromagnetic field. The vector nature of the gravitational field, in essence, is analogous to the vortical magnetic field that allows entering in the physical representations of such States of the gravitational field as paragravitation and ferrogravitation. Physical masses (atoms, substance, etc.), which emit ferrogravitational field, are repelled by sources paragravitational field, for example, from Earth. It is a manifestation of the effect of levitation, which was discovered by the author of this article. The forces of the technical levitation, which are formed by technical ferrogravitational fields, can be used in transport, lifting and space technology, energy and many other areas of human activity. The main reason that the real magnetic charges were “buried alive” in modern theoretical physics is the conditions of their confinement in the structures of atoms and substance, which is radically different from the confinement of electrons. Very negative role is played here by erroneous electromagnetic concept Maxwell, in which the magnetic field was officially deprived of their own source: magnetic pole or magnetic charge.

Influence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya and Kaplan-Shekhtman-Entinwohlman-Aharony superexchange interactions on ground state properties of the one-dimensional spin-Peilers model in open chain

The effects of the Dzyaloshinskii Moriya （DM） and the Kaplan-Shekhtman-Entinwohlman-Aharony （KSEA） superexchange interactions on the ground state properties of the one-dimensional spin-Peilers system in open chain are studied by using the Lanczos numerical method. The study concentrates mainly on the influence of systemic dimerisation in open chain. The results show that systemic ground state energy density varies with dimerisation parameter 5 in different DM interactions, and there exists a special point 5c where the DM interaction has no influence on the systemic dimerisation, no matter whether the DM interaction is relative or irrelative to systemic dimerisation （η= 1 or η=0）. The KSEA interaction has no fixed special point, but the points of intersection are dense relatively in a certain numberical value range, and sparse in other numberical value ranges. So we can conclude that the antisymmetric anisotropy DM interaction differs from the symmetric anisotropy KSEA interaction, but they are analogous in the sense of the influence of systemic dimerisation in open chain.