In this study,a 3D virtual reality and visualization engine for rendering the ocean,named VV-Ocean,is designed for marine applications.The design goals of VV-Ocean aim at high fidelity simulation of ocean environment,...In this study,a 3D virtual reality and visualization engine for rendering the ocean,named VV-Ocean,is designed for marine applications.The design goals of VV-Ocean aim at high fidelity simulation of ocean environment,visualization of massive and multidimensional marine data,and imitation of marine lives.VV-Ocean is composed of five modules,i.e.memory management module,resources management module,scene management module,rendering process management module and interaction management module.There are three core functions in VV-Ocean:reconstructing vivid virtual ocean scenes,visualizing real data dynamically in real time,imitating and simulating marine lives intuitively.Based on VV-Ocean,we establish a sea-land integration platform which can reproduce drifting and diffusion processes of oil spilling from sea bottom to surface.Environment factors such as ocean current and wind field have been considered in this simulation.On this platform oil spilling process can be abstracted as movements of abundant oil particles.The result shows that oil particles blend with water well and the platform meets the requirement for real-time and interactive rendering.VV-Ocean can be widely used in ocean applications such as demonstrating marine operations,facilitating maritime communications,developing ocean games,reducing marine hazards,forecasting the weather over oceans,serving marine tourism,and so on.Finally,further technological improvements of VV-Ocean are discussed.展开更多
The Tazhong reef-fiat oil-gas field is the first large-scale Ordovician organic reef type oil-gas field found in China. Its organic reefs were developed in the early Late Ordovician Lianglitag Formation, and are the f...The Tazhong reef-fiat oil-gas field is the first large-scale Ordovician organic reef type oil-gas field found in China. Its organic reefs were developed in the early Late Ordovician Lianglitag Formation, and are the first large reefs of the coral-stromatoporoid hermatypic community found in China. The organic reefs and platform-margin grain banks constitute a reef-flat complex, mainly consisting of biolithites and grainstones. The biolithites can be classified into the framestone, baffiestone, bindstone etc. The main body of the complex lies around the wells from Tazhong-24 to Tazhong-82, trending northwest, with the thickness from 100 to 300 m, length about 220 km and width 5-10 km. It is a reef-flat lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir, with a very complex hydrocarbon distribution： being a gas condensate reservoir as a whole with local oil reservoirs. The hydrocarbon distribution is controlled by the reef complex, generally located in the upper 100-200 m part of the complex, and largely in a banded shape along the complex. On the profile, the reservoir shows a stratified feature, with an altitude difference of almost 2200 m from southeast to northwest. The petroleum accumulation is controlled by karst reservoir beds and the northeast strike-slip fault belt. The total geologic reserves had reached 297.667 Mt by 2007.展开更多
How to effectively develop tight-gas carbonate reservoir and achieve high recovery is always a problem for the oil and gas industry.To solve this problem,domestic petroleum engineers use the combination of the success...How to effectively develop tight-gas carbonate reservoir and achieve high recovery is always a problem for the oil and gas industry.To solve this problem,domestic petroleum engineers use the combination of the successful experiences of North American shale gas pools development by stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)fracturing with the research achievements of Chinese tight gas development by acid fracturing to propose volume acid fracturing technology for fractured tightgas carbonate reservoir,which has achieved a good stimulation effect in the pilot tests.To determine what reservoir conditions are suitable to carry out volume acid fracturing,this paper firstly introduces volume acid fracturing technology by giving the stimulation mechanism and technical ideas,and initially analyzes the feasibility by the comparison of reservoir characteristics of shale gas with tight-gas carbonate.Then,this paper analyzes the validity and limitation of the volume acid fracturing technology via the analyses of control conditions for volume acid fracturing in reservoir fracturing performance,natural fracture,horizontal principal stress difference,orientation of insitu stress and natural fracture,and gives the solution for the limitation.The study results show that the volume acid fracturing process can be used to greatly improve the flow environment of tight-gas carbonate reservoir and increase production;the incremental or stimulation response is closely related with reservoir fracturing performance,the degree of development of natural fracture,the small intersection angle between hydraulic fracture and natural fracture,the large horizontal principal stress difference is easy to form a narrow fracture zone,and it is disadvantageous to create fracture network,but the degradable fiber diversion technology may largely weaken the disadvantage.The practices indicate that the application of volume acid fracturing process to the tight-gas carbonate reservoir development is feasible in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation of lower Paleozoic,which is of great significance and practical value for domestic tight-gas carbonate reservoir development and studies in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the Global Change Research Program of China under Project 2012CB955603the Natural Science Foundation of China under Project 41076115+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China under Project 2009CB723903the Public Science and Technology Research Funds of the Ocean under Project 201005019the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China under Project 2008AA121701
文摘In this study,a 3D virtual reality and visualization engine for rendering the ocean,named VV-Ocean,is designed for marine applications.The design goals of VV-Ocean aim at high fidelity simulation of ocean environment,visualization of massive and multidimensional marine data,and imitation of marine lives.VV-Ocean is composed of five modules,i.e.memory management module,resources management module,scene management module,rendering process management module and interaction management module.There are three core functions in VV-Ocean:reconstructing vivid virtual ocean scenes,visualizing real data dynamically in real time,imitating and simulating marine lives intuitively.Based on VV-Ocean,we establish a sea-land integration platform which can reproduce drifting and diffusion processes of oil spilling from sea bottom to surface.Environment factors such as ocean current and wind field have been considered in this simulation.On this platform oil spilling process can be abstracted as movements of abundant oil particles.The result shows that oil particles blend with water well and the platform meets the requirement for real-time and interactive rendering.VV-Ocean can be widely used in ocean applications such as demonstrating marine operations,facilitating maritime communications,developing ocean games,reducing marine hazards,forecasting the weather over oceans,serving marine tourism,and so on.Finally,further technological improvements of VV-Ocean are discussed.
文摘The Tazhong reef-fiat oil-gas field is the first large-scale Ordovician organic reef type oil-gas field found in China. Its organic reefs were developed in the early Late Ordovician Lianglitag Formation, and are the first large reefs of the coral-stromatoporoid hermatypic community found in China. The organic reefs and platform-margin grain banks constitute a reef-flat complex, mainly consisting of biolithites and grainstones. The biolithites can be classified into the framestone, baffiestone, bindstone etc. The main body of the complex lies around the wells from Tazhong-24 to Tazhong-82, trending northwest, with the thickness from 100 to 300 m, length about 220 km and width 5-10 km. It is a reef-flat lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir, with a very complex hydrocarbon distribution： being a gas condensate reservoir as a whole with local oil reservoirs. The hydrocarbon distribution is controlled by the reef complex, generally located in the upper 100-200 m part of the complex, and largely in a banded shape along the complex. On the profile, the reservoir shows a stratified feature, with an altitude difference of almost 2200 m from southeast to northwest. The petroleum accumulation is controlled by karst reservoir beds and the northeast strike-slip fault belt. The total geologic reserves had reached 297.667 Mt by 2007.
基金The project was supported jointly by National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2011ZX05044)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51474182).
文摘How to effectively develop tight-gas carbonate reservoir and achieve high recovery is always a problem for the oil and gas industry.To solve this problem,domestic petroleum engineers use the combination of the successful experiences of North American shale gas pools development by stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)fracturing with the research achievements of Chinese tight gas development by acid fracturing to propose volume acid fracturing technology for fractured tightgas carbonate reservoir,which has achieved a good stimulation effect in the pilot tests.To determine what reservoir conditions are suitable to carry out volume acid fracturing,this paper firstly introduces volume acid fracturing technology by giving the stimulation mechanism and technical ideas,and initially analyzes the feasibility by the comparison of reservoir characteristics of shale gas with tight-gas carbonate.Then,this paper analyzes the validity and limitation of the volume acid fracturing technology via the analyses of control conditions for volume acid fracturing in reservoir fracturing performance,natural fracture,horizontal principal stress difference,orientation of insitu stress and natural fracture,and gives the solution for the limitation.The study results show that the volume acid fracturing process can be used to greatly improve the flow environment of tight-gas carbonate reservoir and increase production;the incremental or stimulation response is closely related with reservoir fracturing performance,the degree of development of natural fracture,the small intersection angle between hydraulic fracture and natural fracture,the large horizontal principal stress difference is easy to form a narrow fracture zone,and it is disadvantageous to create fracture network,but the degradable fiber diversion technology may largely weaken the disadvantage.The practices indicate that the application of volume acid fracturing process to the tight-gas carbonate reservoir development is feasible in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation of lower Paleozoic,which is of great significance and practical value for domestic tight-gas carbonate reservoir development and studies in the future.
