On Some Properties of Graph of Prefix Code

We investigate decomposition of codes and finite languages. A prime decomposition is a decomposition of a code or languages into a concatenation of nontrivial prime codes or languages. A code is prime if it cannot be decomposed into at least two nontrivial codes as the same for the languages. In the paper, a linear time algorithm is designed, which finds the prime decomposition. If codes or finite languages are presented as given by its minimal deterministic automaton, then from the point of view of abstract algebra and graph theory, this automaton has special properties. The study was conducted using system for computational Discrete Algebra GAP. .

On the “Onion Husk” Algorithm for Approximate Solution of the Traveling Salesman Problem

The paper describes some implementation aspects of an algorithm for approximate solution of the traveling salesman problem based on the construction of convex closed contours on the initial set of points (“cities”) and their subsequent combination into a closed path (the so-called contour algorithm or “onion husk” algorithm). A number of heuristics related to the different stages of the algorithm are considered, and various variants of the algorithm based on these heuristics are analyzed. Sets of randomly generated points of different sizes (from 4 to 90 and from 500 to 10,000) were used to test the algorithms. The numerical results obtained are compared with the results of two well-known combinatorial optimization algorithms, namely the algorithm based on the branch and bound method and the simulated annealing algorithm. .

A Data-Driven Rutting Depth Short-Time Prediction Model With Metaheuristic Optimization for Asphalt Pavements Based on RIOHTrack

Rutting of asphalt pavements is a crucial design criterion in various pavement design guides. A good road transportation base can provide security for the transportation of oil and gas in road transportation. This study attempts to develop a robust artificial intelligence model to estimate different asphalt pavements’ rutting depth clips, temperature, and load axes as primary characteristics. The experiment data were obtained from19 asphalt pavements with different crude oil sources on a 2.038km long full-scale field accelerated pavement test track(Road Track Institute, RIOHTrack) in Tongzhou, Beijing. In addition,this paper also proposes to build complex networks with different pavement rutting depths through complex network methods and the Louvain algorithm for community detection. The most critical structural elements can be selected from different asphalt pavement rutting data, and similar structural elements can be found. An extreme learning machine algorithm with residual correction(RELM) is designed and optimized using an independent adaptive particle swarm algorithm. The experimental results of the proposed method are compared with several classical machine learning algorithms, with predictions of average root mean squared error(MSE), average mean absolute error(MAE), and a verage mean absolute percentage error(MAPE) for 19 asphalt pavements reaching 1.742, 1.363, and 1.94% respectively. The experiments demonstrate that the RELM algorithm has an advantage over classical machine learning methods in dealing with non-linear problems in road engineering. Notably, the method ensures the adaptation of the simulated environment to different levels of abstraction through the cognitive analysis of the production environment parameters. It is a promising alternative method that facilitates the rapid assessment of pavement conditions and could be applied in the future to production processes in the oil and gas industry.

A Program Study of the Union of Semilattices on the Set of Subsets of Grids of Waterloo Language

The aim is to study the set of subsets of grids of the Waterloo language from the point of view of abstract algebra and graph theory. The study was conducted using the library for working with transition graphs of nondeterministic finite automata NFALib implemented by one of the authors in C#, as well as statistical methods for analyzing algorithms. The results are regularities obtained when considering semilattices on a set of subsets of grids of the Waterloo language. It follows from the results obtained that the minimum covering automaton equivalent to the Waterloo automaton can be obtained by adding one additional to the minimum covering set of grids. .

Regulation of apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra in the first day post-stroke

Stroke is one of leading causes of human disability and death. More than 17 million stroke incidences occur in the world each year. In ischemic stroke (70-80% of all strokes) cerebral vessel occlusion quickly, for few minutes causes oxygen and glucose depletion, ATP deficit, and tissue infarction.

Histone acetylation and deacetylation in ischemic stroke

Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world. A significant part of survived people become invalids, dependent on others and in need of outside care. This is a heavy burden for their families and society. The life of patients surviving ischemic stroke(~80% of all strokes) may be subdivided by three main phases:(a) The acute phase that lasts about first 24 hours, when the neurons may be saved and the neuroprotective therapy may be efficient;(b) The early recovery phase that lasts for several days and weeks, when the repair and regeneration processes develop, and partial recovery of brain functions occurs;and (c) The chronic phase(weeks, months and years)。

Machine Learning Application for Prediction of Sapphire Crystals Defects

We investigate the impact of different numbers of positive and negative examples on machine learning for sapphire crystals defects prediction. We obtain the models of crystal growth parameters influence on the sapphire crystal growth. For example, these models allow predicting the defects that occur due to local overcooling of crucible walls in the thermal node leading to the accelerated crystal growth. We also develop the prediction models for obtaining the crystal weight, blocks, cracks, bubbles formation, and total defect characteristics. The models were trained on all data sets and later tested for generalization on testing sets, which did not overlap the training set.During training and testing, we find the recall and precision of prediction, and analyze the correlation among the features. The results have shown that the precision of the neural network method for predicting defects formed by local overcooling of the crucible reached 0.94.

Nanoparticles Transport in Ceramic Matriсes: A Novel Approach for Ceramic Matrix Composites Fabrication

The results of practical implementation of a new method for porous piezoceramics, and ceramic matrix piezocomposites fabrication were presented. The method was based on nanoparticles transport in ceramic matrices using a polymer nanogranules coated or filled with a various chemicals, with successive porous ceramics fabrication processes. Different types of polymer microgranules filled and coated by metal-containing nanoparticles were used for a pilot samples fabrication. Polymer microgranules were examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy as well as by EXAFS and X-ray emission spectroscopy. Pilot samples of nano- and microporous ceramics and composites were fabricated using different piezoceramics compositions (PZT, lead potassium niobate and lead titanate) as a ceramic matrix bases. Resulting ceramic matrix piezocomposites were composed by super lattices of closed or open pores filled or coated by nanoparticles of metals, oxides, ferromagnetics etc. embedded in piezoceramic matrix. Dielectric and piezoelectric parameters of pilot samples were measured using piezoelectric resonance analysis method. New family of nano- and microporous piezoceramics and ceramic matrix piezocomposites are characterized by a unique spectrum of the electrophysical properties unachievable for standard PZT ceramic compositions and fabrication methods.

Multiobjective Optimal Design of Underwater Acoustic Projector with Porous Piezocomposite Active Elements

This paper concerns the optimization problem for multilayered ultrasonic transducer with active porous piezoelectric layer. The dependences of the effective moduli for porous piezoelectric material on porosity have been previously obtained and allowed to decrease the number of design variables. The multiobjective optimization problem based on the Pareto-frontier calculation has been solved using the live-link of finite-element (FE) package Comsol Multiphysics with MATLAB.

利用天线可实现蛋形波束覆盖的机载雷达高度仪测量海风矢量(英文)

讨论的是联合利用机载雷达高度仪(拥有可实现蛋形波束覆盖的天底观测宽波束天线)的短脉冲散射仪模式和同时距离多普勒识别技术来测量海面上的海风矢量,并且提出了测量海面风速与方向的算法。

Safety Properties and Probiotic Potential of Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895

This study reports on the safety and putative probiotic properties of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 and Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933. According to the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test, cell-free supernatants of B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895 and B. subtilis KATMIRA1933 were not mutagenic. The two strains co-aggregated with Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and cell-free supernatants inhibited the growth of Streptococcus intermedius and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Endospores of B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895 and B. subtilis KATMIRA1933 were tolerant to 0.3% (w/v) bile salts and survived incubation for 4 h in MRS broth at pH 2.0 to 3.0. The ability of the two strains to produce antimicrobial compounds potentiates their application in health care formulations, personal care products, food and animal feed.

Mesozoic long-term eustatic cycles and their uncertain hierarchy

Global sea-level has changed in a cyclic manner through geologic history, but the regularities of these changes are yet to be fully understood. Despite certain （and sometimes significant） differences, the available Mesozoic eustatic curves permit the outlining of long-term eustatic cycles, which are provi- sionally defined as cycles recognizable at the stage level and higher. Interpretation of the Triassic eustatic curves indicates two orders of long-term cycles and a lst-order sea-level rise throughout the entire period. The Jurassic eustatic curves imply cyclicity of one or two orders, and a 1st-order eustatic rise during the entire period is also evident. Most challenges are interpretations for the Cretaceous; two to four orders of long-term eustatic cycles can be established for this period. Generally, the hierarchy of the long-term eustatic cycles might have changed through the Mesozoic. If so, and if one considers differences of cycles of the same order between the periods of this era, it is difficult to apply ＂standard＂ hierarchical classifications to the documented cycles. The hypothetical uncertainty of the hierarchy of the Mesozoic long-term eustatic cycles is an imoortant challenge for modern researchers.

Episodic events in long-term geological processes:A new classification and its applications

Long-term geological processes are usually described with curves reflecting continuous changes in the characteristic parameters through the geological history, and such curves can be employed directly for recognition of episodic(relatively long-term) events linked to these changes. The episodic events can be classified into several categories according to their scale(ordinary and anomalous events), "shape"(positive, negative, and neutral events), and relation to long-term trend change(successive, interruptive,facilitative, stabilizing, transformative, increasing, and decreasing). Many types of these events can be defined depending on the combination of the above-mentioned patterns. Of course, spatial rank,duration, and origin can be also considered in description of these events. The proposed classification can be applied to events in some real long-term geological processes, which include global sea-level changes,biodiversity dynamics, lithospheric plate number changes, and palaeoclimate changes. Several case examples prove the usefulness of the classification. It is established that the Early Valanginian(Early Cretaceous) eustatic lowstand(the lowest position of the sea level in the entire Cretaceous) was negative,but ordinary and only interruptive event. In the other case, it becomes clear that the only end-Ordovician and the Permian/Triassic mass extinctions transformed the trends of the biodiversity dynamics(from increase to decrease and from decrease to increase respectively), and the only Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction was really anomalous event on the Phanerozoic biodiversity curve. The new palaeontological data are employed to reconstruct the diversity dynamics of brachiopods in Germany(without the Alps) and the Swiss Jura Mountains. The further interpretation of the both diversity curves implies that the Early Toarcian mass extinction affected the regional brachiopod faunas strongly, but this event was only decreasing(biotic radiation continued after it, although "restarted" from the lower point)similarly to the end-Triassic and Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinctions. The number of lithospheric plates decreased in the Early Cretaceous; however, the previous trend to increase in this number reestablished after the noted event. The Oi-1 glaciation in the very beginning of the Oligocene was anomalous event, but it only stabilized the earlier trend of temperature decline and did not transform it.Further development of the comprehensive classification of geological events is necessary. For instance,it has become clear that the Silurian environmental perturbations and the Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events should be classified as discrete events that differ essentially from episodic events, the latter of which are relevant to continuous changes in geological processes.

Testing of new ionospheric models along the meridian 110°E over the Northern Hemisphere

Despite the continuous improvement of the widely used empirical model international reference ionosphere(IRI),the recently appeared new models must be tested worldwide.Testing along the meridians has the advantage of dealing with the latitudinal dependent parameters.This paper uses new models of parameters foF2(critical frequency),TEC(total electron content),andτ(equivalent slab thickness of the ionosphere),which are of great importance for evaluating the effects of space weather.IRI-Plas,NNT2F2,and NTSM models were tested using data from 6 ionosondes located along the meridian 110°E in March 2012.It is shown that the IRI-Plas model provides the closest values to experiment with respect toτ,while the NTSM model provides a rather limited reflection of the latitude dependence.Analyses of foF2(NNT2F2)have shown that,the NNT2F2 model provides good conformity with experimental values in this area,but it is very dependent on the TEC processing method.The latitudinal dependences of foF2 obtained with TEC and polynomial dependenceτ(Appr)showed the presence of positive deviations from medians not only during disturbances but also quiet periods,longitudinally at the meridian.

The effect of space weather on the ionosphere at the 110°meridian during CAWSES-Ⅱperiod

Space weather determines the state of the ionosphere,which is especially important to know during disturbances.To study this state,the period of March 7-17,2012,which was recommended by SCOSTEP for detailed studies and called CAWSES-II,was selected.In this period,the behavior of parameters of the solar wind(SW)and the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)show a number of features.In this paper,we study their relationship with the total electron content(TEC)and the critical frequency(foF2)of the ionosphere at the 110°meridian,near which several ionosondes are located,in the range of 20°N-62.5°N.The correlation coefficients of TEC and foF2 with the SW and IMF parameters for the month and the selected period are calculated.The ionosphere showed the considered disturbances in different ways in different latitudinal zones:negative anomalies are observed at high latitudes,and positive ones at low latitudes.A distinctive feature is the presence of signs of a super-fountain effect.Deviations of TEC and foF2 from their medians can be significant.The IRI model reacted in the latitude range 40°N-62.5°N in the form of negative anomalies,although positive anomalies were observed in the TEC.At lower latitudes,no reaction was observed.For all factors(F10.7,Dst,Kp,IMF,Np),three zones(high-latitude,midlatitude,and low-latitude)are distinguished for different coefficients.The strongest influence of disturbances on the correlation coefficients is observed in the zone of 37.5°N 62.5°N.

Comparison of TEC prediction methods in mid-latitudes with GIM maps

There are many long-term and short-term prediction methods of Total Electron Content(TEC) that need to be tested for each specific region. Recently, much attention has been paid to testing TEC models in high-, low-latitude and equatorial regions. This paper compares the TEC prediction methods in the midlatitude zone according to the data of the Juliusruh, Rostov, Manzhouli stations in 2008 and 2015. For a long-term prediction, the IRI-Plas and Ne Quick models are compared with the Global Ionospheric Maps(GIM) presented by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory(JPL) and the Technical University of Catalonia(UPC).For a short-term prediction, the Standard Persistence Model(SPM) method, a 27 day median model, and the proposed short-term prediction method are compared for one day ahead. It is shown that for all stations the IRI-Plas model provides better compliance with GIM maps than the Ne Quick model irrespective of a solar activity level. An average absolute error lays in the range of 3 e3.5 TECU, relative root square mean(RMS) error in the range of 22 e27% in 2015 and 1.7 e2 TECU, 20 e25% in 2008. For the Ne Quick model, these estimates were 6.7 e8.2 TECU and 42 e45% in 2015 and 2.2 e3.6 TECU, 30 e37% in2008. For the short-term forecast, the best results were obtained by the SPM method with an average absolute error in the range of 1.95 e2.15 TECU in 2015 and 0.59 e0.98 TECU in 2008, a relative RMS error in the range of 17 e21% in 2015, 11.5 e15% in 2008. For the proposed short-term prediction method, these errors were 2.04 e2.2 TECU and 12 e14% in 2015 and 0.7 e1.0 TECU, 7 e11% in 2008. Using medians, the errors were 3.1 e3.4 TECU and 17 e21% in 2015 and 1.0 e1.3 TECU, 10 e15% in 2008. The dependence of results on the Dst-index was obtained.

Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Surface Gravity Waves Transformation under Shallow-Water Conditions

This work considers the problems of numerical simulation of non-linear surface gravity waves transformation under shallow bay conditions. The discrete model is built from non-linear shallow-water equations. Are resulted boundary and initial conditions. The method of splitting into physical processes receives system from three equations. Then we define the approximation order and investigate stability conditions of the discrete model. The sweep method was used to calculate the system of equations. This work presents surface gravity wave profiles for different propagation phases.

CHEMICAL MODULATION OF PHOTODYNAMIC INJURY OF GLIAL CELLS

Photodynamic therapy based on photogeneration of cytotoxic singlet oxygen and following oxidative stress is currently used in neuro-oncology for destruction of brain tumors.However,along with a tumor,it damages healthy neurons and glial cells.We studied the involvement of the glutamate-related signaling pathway in photodynamic damage to normal glial cells in the crayfish stretch receptor.This model object consists of a single neuron surrounded by glial cells.It was photosensitized with alumophthalocyanine Photosens and irradiated by the diode laser(670 nm).Application of enzyme inhibitors and ion channels modulators showed that exogenous L-glutamate decreased photoinduced apoptosis of crayfish glial cells.The natural neuroglial mediator N-acetylaspartylglutamate,which releases glutamate after splitting by glutamate carboxypeptidase II,also inhibited photoinduced apoptosis.Inhibition of glutamate carboxypeptidase II,oppositely,enhanced glial apoptosis.This confirmed the antiapoptotic activity of glutamate.Glutamate agonist NMDA or inhibitor of NMDA receptors MK801 did not influence photodynamic death of glial cells,i.e.,these receptors did not participate in glial apoptosis.Inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluRI with AP-3 reduced PDT-induced apoptosis of glial cells.Thus,chemical modifiers of various signaling processes can modulate photoinduced necrosis or apoptosis of glial cells and thus modify efficiency of photodynamic therapy.

Bioinformatic screening of the binding transcription sites in the regulatory regions of genes up-regulated in response to oxidative stress

This study focuses on bioinformatics search for new regulatory structures in the non-coding DNA, located around the patterns of gene expression levels changed significantly in response to oxidative stress. Hypothesized that all of the genes increase the expression in response to oxidative stress may have the same motifs in non-coding DNA. To search for motifs created an integrated collection database of transcription binding sites - JASPAR, TRANSFAC, Hocomoco TF Homo sapiens, Uniprobe TF Mus musculus. Two types of regulatory regions: the promoter region and the sequence with the capture of potential cis-regulatory modules. In the regulatory regions of genes increase the expression in response to oxidative stress, in contrast to the gene expression level did not change, families of transcription factors identified SOX (1-30) and HX (A, B, C, D).

Algebraic Cryptanalysis of GOST Encryption Algorithm

This paper observes approaches to algebraic analysis of GOST 28147-89 encryption algorithm (also known as simply GOST), which is the basis of most secure information systems in Russia. The general idea of algebraic analysis is based on the representation of initial encryption algorithm as a system of multivariate quadratic equations, which define relations between a secret key and a cipher text. Extended linearization method is evaluated as a method for solving the nonlinear sys- tem of equations.