棉花优异纤维品质性状的双列杂交分析(英文)

利用 5个具有不同纤维品质性状的品种 (系 )配制完全双列杂交组合 2 0个 ,通过亲本和F1的 2年随机区组试验 ,结果为除纤维整齐度受环境等因素影响较大 ,其余性状主要受遗传因素控制 ;在与环境的互作中 ,纤维强度和长度的互作效应小 ,麦克隆值的加性和母体效应及伸长率的显性效应与环境的互作较大 ,均达到了显著水平遗传主效中 ,所有的研究性状不存在母体效应 ,以加性为主 ;强度与长度加性遗传率高 ,分别占 77 6 %和 73 2 % ;麦克隆值的加性效应占 4 5 2 % ,显性效应所占的比例在纤维性状中最高 ,为 11 5 %。纤维品质性状的群体平均优势仅麦克隆值的较高 (3 2 % ) ,达到了显著水平 ,其余性状的优势仅为 - 0 4 %～ 0 7%。纤维品质性状的遗传结果与杂种优势一致。在杂种优势利用时 ,可以通过双亲平均值的高低来预测F1的纤维品质表现。纤维强度、长度和细度的加性遗传率高 。

陆地棉优异纤维品系的铃重和衣分的遗传及杂种优势分析(英文)

利用 5个具有不同纤维品质性状的品种 (系 )配制完全双列杂交组合 2 0个 ,通过亲本和 F1 的 2年随机区组试验发现产量性状的铃重和衣分与环境的互作效应小 ,不存在母体效应 ,并以加性遗传效应为主 ,分别占表型方差的 5 1.2 %和 6 5 .4 % ;显性遗传效应所占的比率也较高 ,分别为 32 .6 %和 16 .8%。铃重和衣分的群体平均优势较大 ,分别为 13.3%和 3.5 % ,达到了极显著 ;铃重的超亲优势为 2 .0 % ,不显著 ;衣分为显著的负值 (- 2 .1% )。遗传分析与杂种优势结果一致。具体表现在产量性状上 ,亲本相当配制的组合杂合显性较高 ,其超亲优势正向显著 ,而极值亲本 (差异较大 )所配组合没有超过高亲的。这表明亲本差异小、亲源关系较近的亲本中仍然存在足够的遗传变异或某种机制以创造变异使育种取得更大的进展。相关分析表明了仍然存在严重的品质与产量的负相关 。

Development of An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Determination of the Furaltadone Etabolite,3-Amino-5-Morpholinomethyl-2-Oxazolidinone(AMOZ) in Animal Tissues

Objective To determine 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone （AMOZ） residues released from protein bound AMOZ in animal tissues. Methods Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were produced in this study. A rapid, sensitive, and specific competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （cdELISA） was developed. Results Rabbit polyclonal antibodies were used in the optimized cdELISA method, and exhibited negligible cross-reactivity with other compounds structurally related to AMOZ. The IC50 of the polycional antibody was 0.16 ng/mL The method limit of detection in four different types of animal and fish tissues was less than 0.06 μg/kg. Recoveries ranged from 80% to 220% for fortified samples with the coefficient of variation values less than 15%. The results of the cdELISA method were in good agreement with the results from an established liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmatory method used for AMOZ residues. Conclusion The cdELISA method developed in the present study is a convenient practical tool for screening large numbers of animal and fish tissue samples for the the detection of released protein bound AMOZ residues.

An Integrated Genetic,Physical and Transcript Map of Homoeologous Chromosomes 12 and 26 in Upland Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

While Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) represents 95% of the world production,its genetic improvement is hindered by the shortage of effective genomic tools and resources.The

Toward Development of a Whole-genome, BAC/BIBAC-based Integrated Physical/Genetic Map of the Cotton Genome Using the Upland Genetic Standard TM-1: BAG and BIBAC Library Construction, SSR Marker Development, and Physical/Genetic Map Integration

Integrative physical mapping is the centerpieceof and essential for advanced genomics research.Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)geneticstandard line TM-1 is used as the referencegenotype to develop a whole-genome,BAC/BIBAC-based integrated physical/genetic map ofthe cotton genome.From the TM-1 line we haveconstructed two BAC libraries with HindIII

Effects of Plant Tannin Extracts Supplementation on Animal Performance and Gastrointestinal Parasites Infestation in Steers Grazing Winter Wheat

Twenty-six stocker cattle (286.1 ± 25.7 kg) were used to quantify the effect of commercial plant tannin extracts (control vs. mimosa and chestnut tannins) on animal performance, gastrointestinal parasites control and plasma metabolite changes in heifers grazing winter wheat forage (Triticum aestivum L. var. “cutter”). The forage biomass and crude protein content were generally similar among treatments. Initial live-weight (LW) was similar among treatments, although final LW (P = 0.1) and average daily gain (ADG;P P Ostertagia was lower (P P P < 0.02) for chestnut tannins group than for control, and intermediate for mimosa tannins. However, cholesterol level was similar among treatment after 20 days cessation of tannins treatments. Our data suggest that heifers grazing winter wheat forage supplemented with plant tannins rather than control (non-tannins group) increased ADG (8% to 19%) for mimosa and chestnut tannins groups, respectively with no detectable detrimental effects on animal health. The increase in ADG may be due to decrease fecal parasites infections.

Cotton Germplasm: Resources and Tools for Characterization

Future improvement of cotton has met newchallenges that require integrated tools tocharacterize existing genetic resources.Fragmentary data and information on germplasmcharacterization need to be coordinated into anintegrated whole.The four domesticated species(G.hirsutum,G.barbadense,G.arboreum。

Molecular Tagging and Mapping of QTLs for Super Quality Fiber Properties in Upland Cotton

A G.anomalum introgression line,7235,characterized as super quality fiber properties,was used to identify molecular markers linked tofiber property QTLs.By use of（7235×TM-1）F2 in NanJing and College Station,USA,and（7235×TM-1）F3 in NanJing and Hainan.Bulkedsegregation analysis was employed to produce

Toward Development of a Whole-genome, BAC/BIBAC-based IntegratedPhysical/Genetic Map of the Cotton Genome Using the Upland Cotton Genetic Standard TM-1: BAC Fingerprinting and Physical Map Contig Construction

We are developing a whole-genome,BAC/BIBAC-based integrated physical/genetic map ofthe cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)genomeusing its genetic standard line TM-1 as thereference genotype.Whole-genome physicalmaps integrated with genetic maps will providerevolutionized tools and platforms for all kindsof genomics researeh,including large-scale

Sequencing of the Cultivated Tetraploid Cotton Genome-Gossypium hirsutum

Cotton is an important cash crop in the world,and it plays an irreplaceable role in China's national economy.Cultivated upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) represents 95% of the world's cotton production,but it has a complex allotetraploid genome that contains at least 30000 genes in 2500

Succinic Acid Production across Candidate Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Feedstocks

Non-food lignocellulosic crops with both high biomass yields and superior adaptation to marginal lands have significant potential as biofuel feedstocks that can replace fossil fuels. Deployment of dedicated crops into single biofuels, however, has been reduced by conversion technology costs and low petroleum prices. Integrated biorefinery strategies, in which value-added coproducts are generated in conjunction with biofuels, by comparison offer opportunities to overcome this economic disadvantage. The objective of this research was to evaluate succinic acid accumulation across candidate lignocellulosic feedstocks. Feedstock entries included pearl millet x napiergrass hybrids (“PMN”;Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br. × P. purpureum Schumach.), napiergrass (P. purpureum Schumach.), annual sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), pearl millet (P. glaucum [L.] R. Br.), perennial sorghum (Sorghum spp.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus J. M. Greef & Deuter) and energy cane (Saccharum spp. L.). Replicated field plots, as well as an independent greenhouse trial, were characterized for succinic acid content. The PMN, napiergrass, sunn hemp and energy cane entries had greater (P ≤ 0.05) succinic acid yields, up to 556 kg·ha-1, in field trials. Napiergrass and PMN entries similarly had higher succinic acid yields under greenhouse conditions;however, irrigation treatments did not alter succinic acid accumulation in this study. Napiergrass, PMN, and energy cane thus are promising biorefinery feedstocks.

Opening Remarks:Perspectives of the International Cotton Genome Initiative

Thanks go to our hosts,the organizers,sponsors,and all participants who have put in great efforts to making the 2008 Research Conference of the International Cotton Genome Initiative(ICGI,

Cotton Germplasm Collections:Opportunities and Challenges

According to an FAO report in 1996,49000 cotton genotypes are being maintained in germplasm collections worldwide. Of these accessions,approximately 67% reside in the six largest collections. Identification of mutual opportunities and challenges faced by these germplasm banks could result

Map-based cloning of a recessive gene v_1 for virescent leaf expression in cotton(Gossypium spp.)

Background： Virescence, as a recognizable phenotype available for research on chloroplast development and in the early development stage of cotton, is not only photosynthesis but also for heterosis exploitation in cotton Methods： In current study, for fine mapping of virescent-1 （V1） in cotton, three populations with a total of 5 678 individuals were constructed using T582 which has the virescent trait. Tobacco rattle virus, TRV1 and TRV2 （pYL156）, were used as vectors for the virus-induced gene silencing （VlGS） assay. Results： The V1 gene was fine-mapped to a 20 kb interval on chromosome 20 of tetraploid cotton. We identified only one candidate gene with four single nucleotide polymorphisms between parents, among which the single nucleotide polymorphism at the position of 1 082 base pair caused the change of amino acid residue from Arg （3-79） to Lys （]-582）. The relative expression of the candidate gene in virescent plants was extensively lower than that in normal plants. Nullification of the gene by VlGS significantly turned the green leaf of normal cotton plants into yellow. We named this candidate gene as GhRVL. Conclusions： This study will facilitate the further research on virescent formation, and will be useful for breeding of hybrid cottons.

Image dehazing based on dark channel prior and brightness enhancement for agricultural monitoring

Obtaining clear and true images is a basic requirement for agricultural monitoring.However,under the influence of fog,haze and other adverse weather conditions,captured images are usually blurred and distorted,resulting in the difficulty of target extraction.Traditional image dehazing methods based on image enhancement technology can cause the loss of image information and image distortion.In order to address the above-mentioned problems caused by traditional image dehazing methods,an improved image dehazing method based on dark channel prior(DCP)was proposed.By enhancing the brightness of the hazed image and processing the sky area,the dim and un-natural problems caused by traditional image dehazing algorithms were resolved.Ten different test groups were selected from different weather conditions to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm,and the algorithm was compared with the commonly-used histogram equalization algorithm and the DCP method.Three image evaluation indicators including mean square error(MSE),peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR),and entropy were used to evaluate the dehazing performance.Results showed that the PSNR and entropy with the proposed method increased by 21.81%and 5.71%,and MSE decreased by 40.07%compared with the original DCP method.It performed much better than the histogram equalization dehazing method with an increase of PSNR by 38.95%and entropy by 2.04%and a decrease of MSE by 84.78%.The results from this study can provide a reference for agricultural field monitoring.

Laboratory evaluation of the GreenSeeker^(TM) handheld optical sensor to variations in orientation and height above canopy

Handheld optical sensors recently have been introduced to the agricultural market.These handheld sensors are able to provide operators with Normalized Difference Vegetative Index(NDVI)data when cloud cover prevents acquisition of satellite or aerial images.This research addressed the sensitivity of the GreenSeeker handheld optical sensor to changes in orientation and height above a ryegrass canopy.Planter boxes were oriented both parallel and perpendicular to the light beam from the sensor head and heights of 30.5 cm(12”),61.0 cm(24”),91.5 cm(36”),122 cm(48”)and 152 cm(60”)were tested.Results indicated that the sensor was highly sensitive(P<0.0001)to both height above canopy and orientation of the sensor relative to the target.Operators should follow manufacturer’s recommendations on operating height range of 81-122 cm and orient the sensor head in-line with the target to obtain maximum signal response.

Efficacy and biosafety assessment of neuropeptide CAPA analogues against the peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae)

Insect CAPA neuropeptidesare considered to affect water and ion balance by mediating the physiological metabolism activities of the Malpighian tubules.In previous studies,the CAPA-PK analogue 1895(2Abf-Suc-FGPRLamide)was reported to decrease aphid fitness when administered through microinjection or via topical application.However,a further statistically significant decrease in the fitness of aphids and an increased mortality could not be established with pairwise combinations of 1895 with other CAPA analogue.In this study,we assessed the topical application of new combinations of 1895 with five CAPA-PVK analogues on the fitness of aphids.We found that 1895 and CAPA-PVK analogue 2315(ASG-[β3L]-VAFPRVamide)was statistically the most effective combination to control the peach potato aphid Myzus persicae nymphs via topical application,leading to 72%mortality.Additionally,the combination(1895+2315)was evaluated against a selection of beneficial insects,that is,a pollinator(Bombus terrestris)and three natural enemies(Chrysoperla carnea,Nasonia vitripennis,and Adalia bipunctata).We found no significant influence on food intake,weight increase,and survival for the pollinator and the three representative natural enemies.These results could facilitate to further establish and generate CAPA analogues as alternatives to broad spectrum and less friendly insecticides.