Surface Metallization of Glass Fiber(GF)/Polyetheretherketone(PEEK) Composite with Cu Coatings Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering and Electroplating

Surface metallization of glass fiber(GF)/polyetheretherketone(PEEK)[GF/PEEK] is conducted by coating copper using electroplating and magnetron sputtering and the properties are determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The coating bonding strength is assessed by pull-out tests and scribing in accordance with GB/T 9286-1998.The results show that the Cu coating with a thickness of 30 μm deposited on GF/PEEK by magnetron sputtering has lower roughness, finer grain size, higher crystallinity, as well as better macroscopic compressive stress,bonding strength, and electrical conductivity than the Cu coating deposited by electroplating.

Adaptability of n-γdiscrimination and filtering methods based on plastic scintillation

Neutrons have been extensively used in many fields,such as nuclear physics,biology,geology,medical science,and national defense,owing to their unique penetration characteristics.Gamma rays are usually accompanied by the detection of neutrons.The capability to discriminate neutrons from gamma rays is important for evaluating plastic scintillator neutron detectors because similar pulse shapes are generated from both forms of radiation in the detection system.The pulse signals measured by plastic scintillators contain noise,which decreases the accuracy of n-y discrimination.To improve the performance of n-y discrimination,the noise of the pulse signals should be filtered before the n-y discrimination process.In this study,the influences of the Fourier transform,wavelet transform,moving-average filter,and Kalman algorithm on the charge comparison method,fractal spectrum method,and back-propagation neural network methods were studied.It was found that the Fourier transform filtering algorithm exhibits better adaptability to the charge comparison method than others,with an increasing accuracy of 6.87%compared to that without the filtering process.Meanwhile,the Kalman filter offers an improvement of 3.04%over the fractal spectrum method,and the adaptability of the moving-average filter in backpropagation neural network discrimination is better than that in other methods,with an increase in 8.48%.The Kalman filtering algorithm has a significant impact on the peak value of the pulse,reaching 4.49%,and it has an insignificant impact on the energy resolution of the spectrum measurement after discrimination.

Study of impurity behaviour in non-coronal equilibrium state

A physical model of analysing the behaviour of impurities out of coronal equilibrium in tokamak plasmas has been proposed. Through solving the time-dependent rate equations including the effects of atomic processes and the particle transport losses, the ionization state distribution is obtained for a range of low Z impurities such as helium, carbon, oxygen and argon. By using the ionization state distribution of these impurities, the radiation rate coefficients and the mean charge state changing with plasma temperature are calculated. The results show that the mean charge state （Z） is sensitively dependent on the parameter neT, and this is the reason why the radiation power of impurities under non-coronal equilibrium conditions is several orders of magnitude higher than that under coronal equilibrium condition.

Spectroscopic properties of heavily Ho^(3+) -doped barium yttrium fluoride crystals

The 30 at.% Ho： BaY2F8 crystals were grown by the Czochralski method, and their spectroscopic properties are analyzed systematically by standard Judd–Ofelt theory. The Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters are estimated to be Ω2 =6.74 × 10^-20cm^2,Ω4 = 1.20 × 10^-20cm^2, and Ω6= 0.66 × 10^-20cm^2, and the fluorescence branching ratios and radiative lifetimes for a series of excited state manifolds are also determined. The emission cross sections with our measured infrared luminescence spectra, especially important for 4.1 μm, are calculated to be about 4.37 × 10^-21cm^2. The crystal quality is preliminarily tested through a mid-infrared laser emission experiment.

A Four-Fluid Model and Analysis of m=1 Internal Kink Instability

Starting from the four-Huid equation which can simply and effectively describe the motion of trapped particles,we derive the eigenmode equations and the dispersion relation for m=1 internal kink mode with the effects of trapped particles,diamagnetic drifts,finite resistivity and anomalous electron viscosity included.Then,using those results,we Gnd the trapped particles effects have substantial influence on m=l internal kink mode in the cases with and without high-energy alpha particles in the core plasma.

The properties of CdTe solar cells with ZnTe/ZnTe: Cu buffer layers

CdS/CdTe solar cells with ZnTe/ZnTe： Cu buffer layers were fabricated and studied. The energy band structure of it was analyzed. The C-V, I-V characteristics and the spectral response show that the ZnTe/ZnTe：Cu buffer layers improve the back contact characteristic properties, the diode characteristics of the forward junction and the short-wave spectral response of the CdTe solar cells. The ZnTe/ZnTe-Cu buffer layers affect the solar cell conversion efficiencv and its fill factor.

The Supervisory Control System for the HL-2A Neutral Beam Injector

Supervisory control and protection system of the neutral beam injector （NBI） in the HL-2A tokamak is presented. The system is used for a safe coordination of all the main NBI subsystems. Because the system is based on computer networks with its transmission medium of optical fiber, its advantages in high operational stability, reliability, security and flexible functional expandability are clearly shown during the NBI commissioning and heating experiment in HL-2A.

A New Technology for Treating Pulp Waste with Plasma

New methods for both the treatment of pulp waste liquor called black liquor （BL） and the recovery of chemicals by using plasma, and the concentration of BL with the freezing technique were developed. The new methods aiming at the pilot plant scale are described and the experiments in a small-scale research facility for demonstration and test are presented. The energy consumption for treating waste liquid is 1 kg/kWh. Plasma processing can reduce the costs for treatment and eliminate pollution.

The Electromagnetic Instability in Electron Flow with Ion Background

Electromagnetic （EM） behavior and instability resulting from the interaction between EM wave and plasma wave are analyzed based on linear perturbation theory. It is shown that the instability is caused by the the coupling between high frequency electromagnetic field and electron transverse oscillation derived from the deflection of electron longitudinal oscillation due to self-produced magnetic field. The influences of the self-produced magnetic field and plasma density on the ihstability are studied. In addition, characteristics of EM wave propagation at different angles are investigated. The present results are of significance to new type plasma radiation source, ion accelerator and plasma diagnostic techniques.

Steady-State Plasmas in KT5D Magnetized Torus

Steady-state plasma generated by electron cyclotron resonance （ECR） wave in the KT5D magnetized torus was studied using a fast high-resolution camera and Langmuir probes. It was found that both the discharge patterns taken by the camera and the plasma parameters measured by the probes were very sensitive to the working gas pressure and the magnetic configuration of the torus both without and with vertical fields. There existed fast vertical motion of the plasma. Tentative discussion is presented about the observed phenomena such as the bright resonance layer at a high gas pressure and the wave absorption mechanism at a low pressure. Further explanations should be found.