Selective synthesis of nitrate from air using a plasma-driven gas-liquid relay reaction system

The direct oxidation of nitrogen is a potential pathway to achieving the zero-carbon-emission synthesis of nitric acid or nitrate, because it does not involve ammonia synthesis and additional ammonia oxidation processes. However, the slow kinetics of nitrogen oxidation and the difficult selective control of oxidation products hinder the development of this process. In this study, a plasma-driven gas-liquid relay reaction system was developed to overcome these limitations. A typical feature of this reaction system is that it can efficiently generate NO_x under plasma exposure;moreover, the specific anions in the absorption solution can be oxidized to strong oxidants capable of relay oxidation of low-valence nitrogen oxides. This feature allows for the deep oxidation of nitrogen, thus enabling the oxidation products of nitrogen to exist in high-valence states in the absorption solution. For experimental verification, we achieved the 100% selective synthesis of nitrate under plasma exposure, with air as the supply gas and a sodium sulfate solution as the absorption solution.

Effects of Exercise on Behavior and Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

This study examined the effects of exercise on behavior and peripheral blood leukocyte apoptosis in a rat model of chronic fatigue syndrome （CFS）. Thirty-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally randomized into 3 groups： the control group, CFS model group and the exercise group in terms of body weight. A total of 25 rats entered the final statistical analysis due to 11 deaths during the study. CFS model was established by subjecting the rats in CFS model group and exercise group to electric shock, chronic restraint stress and cold water swim. Besides, rats in the exercise group took rtmning wheel exercise. After a week of conditioning feeding, model construction and running wheel exercise were performed simultaneously, and lasted for 23 consecutive days. The behavior experiments, including running wheel exercise, open-field test, tail suspension test and Morris water maze test, were conducted, either before or after the model establishment. Rats were sacrificed and peripheral blood was obtained for the assessment of lymphocyte apoptosis index by flow cytometry （FCM）. It was found that as compared with those in the control group, the weight of the rats was decreased obviously （P〈0.01）, the mobility time in the open-field and the tail suspension tests was shortened significantly （P〈0.01）, the time to locate the platform was enhanced （P〈0.01） and the cell apoptosis index was increased substantially （P〈0.01） in the CSF model group. Meanwhile, in comparison to the model group, the behavior in the open-field and the tail suspension tests was improved significantly （P〈0.05）, and the apoptosis index decreased remarkably （P〈0.01） in the exercise group. It is concluded that sport intervention can prevent lymphocyte apoptosis and improve animal behavior rather than the memory.

The TCM-Combined Treatment for Aphasia Due to Cerebrovascular Disorders

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of scalp acupuncture(with the cluster needling,a longneedle-retention and an intermittent manipulation)combined with the Schuell's stimulation andpsychological care for treatment of aphasia due to cerebrovascular disorders.Method:36 eligible cases ofaphasia were randomly assigned into a treatment group and a control group.The scoring system forassessment of aphasia in speaking Chinese set by CMA Neurological Branch and that of BADE wereadopted for grading the severity/degree of aphasia before and after the treatment.Results:The totaleffective rate in the treatment group was 84.21%,and that in the control group was 70.59%,with a verystatistically significant difference(P<0.01).Conclusion:The combined scheme produced a bettertherapeutic effect.

The Promotion and Practice of Physical Activity in the United States

规律的体力活动有助于提高人的健康状况及生活质量。然而,美国《2020健康人群》中的数据显示,仅有18.8%的美国成年人达到了《2008美国人体力活动指南》(2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans)中提出的有关有氧活动和强壮肌肉活动的推荐量。为此,美国在提高居民体力活动水平上做出了不懈的努力。本文简要介绍美国为促进全民体力活动采取的主要策略、有助于体力活动干预研究的政策分析框架、行为改变理论及3项研究实例。2010年,美国出台了《全民体力活动促进计划》(The National Physical Activity Plan,NPAP),该计划包含了政策推荐、实践经验及措施等一系列增加居民体力活动的策略,试图通过在全国范围内营造"活跃的生活方式"的文化氛围,促进更多人达到《2008美国人体力活动指南》中的体力活动推荐量。《全民体力活动促进计划》的内容涉及公共卫生、教育、城市规划、医疗保健、企业及行业、休闲娱乐及运动健身、非营利机构和大众传媒在内的8个领域,共有5个总策略、52个特定部门的策略及相对应的215个分策略,且部分策略制定了一年及五年目标。2011年,专家组对《全民体力活动促进计划》进行了过程评价,以监督计划的实施情况,并为计划的改进提供建议。过程评价采用定性及定量研究方法,对一年内开展的活动、目标完成情况、经验教训等进行总结。这一年内,《全民体力活动促进计划》的实施取得了可喜成绩,但仍存在诸多挑战,如缺乏长期的资金支持、各领域之间需加强沟通及合作、计划内容需及时更新以保证与体力活动及公共卫生领域的发展同步等。人的体力活动是一种复杂的行为,按照不同行为改变理论,其影响因素亦不同。许多科学研究及实践已经采用行为改变理论为指导进行体力活动的干预,以保证干预效果。有些行为改变理论(如生态学模型)认为,支持性政策是促进行为改变的有效手段之一。在制定支持性政策的复杂过程中,政策分析框架将有助于政策的设计及对政策实施效果进行评估。本文简要介绍常用于促进体力活动增加的政策分析框架:社区行动模型(Community Action Model)、RE-AIM框架(RE-AIM Framework)和健康影响评估(Health Impact Assessment),以及常用于促进体力活动增加的行为改变理论:生态学模型(Ecological Model)、社会认知理论(Social Cognitive Theory)和跨理论模型(Transtheoretical Model)。本文还通过3项研究实例,增加读者对生活方式干预研究的进一步认识。本文希望通过对当前美国有关体力活动促进的经验介绍,为制定或完善体力活动计划及体力活动干预方案提供参考。

The Clustered Needling, Massage and Cupping Used for Treatment of Obstinate Myofascitis of the Back——A Report of 68 Cases

The clustered needling, massage and cupping have been used together for treatment of myofascitis of the back with good therapeutic results through the joint effects of removing blood stasis, promoting blood circulation, dredging the channels, promoting the metabolism and the repair of the tissues, impairing and relaxing the affected muscles.

Effects of different exercise on autophagy and inflammation in visceral adipose tissue of obese

To examine the impact of exercise on autophagy activity and inflammationresponse in visceral adipose tissue in obesity. Four groups as follows: high fat diet (HC),normal diet (NC),normal diet combined with endurance exercise (NE), and normal diet combined with resistance exercise (NR).NE and NR group conducted treadmill and ladder climbing exercise respectively for 8 weeks. Then to detect thegene and protein expression of autophagy and inflammation markers using RT-PCR and WB. Atg5, Becn1expression and LC3 II/ I were decreased significantly in NE and NR group compared with HC,and p62 weresignificantly increased. When compared with NC group, p62 expression were significantly increased in NE and nothappened in NR group. Becn1 mRNA expression increased and p62 protein expression decreased significantly inNR group when compared with NE group. IL 1β was decreased significantly in NC, NE and NR group comparedwith HC. In addition, IL-6 and IL- 10 protein expression increased significantly both in NE and NR group.

Assessment of Personality Traits of Physical Education Teachers

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the personality traits of physical education teachers working in secondary schools in Istanbul. The research was conducted in accordance with screening model. The research group is formed by physical education teachers who are working in public and private secondary schools which are connected to the Ministry of National Education in Istanbul in 2012-2013 academic years. Among the participants, 36.8% is formed by female physical education teachers, and 63.2% is formed by male physical education teachers. PERI （personality inventory） short form is used. PERI is formed by five subcomponents： openness to experience, sense of responsibility, extroversion, coherence and emotional stability. Assessment instrument was applied to participants with the face-to-face technique by the researcher. Findings were obtained by using T Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney U Test in the analysis of research data. Consequently, it is understood that physical education teachers had low scores on emotional stability personality traits and so they were not adequate. In openness to experience, extroversion, coherence and sense of responsibility subcomponents, it is understood that they had higher scores and they were adequate. Besides, there is no significant difference found between gender, school type and years of service variables and personality traits （P 〈 0.05）.

A research on the composing of sub-health people’s hygienic gymnastics

according to statistics, 70 percent of Chinese people are in sub-health, so the health care for them should be payed more attention. In recent years, researches on sub-health people has increased and the classifi cation, diagnose for sub-health people’s current situation has entered an area of researching. Among them, the research of sub-health people’s infl uence on society stands out, because the occupational group is tightly related to the promotion of social economic development and stability. Hygienic gymnastics will help to improve sub-health situation and it still need to conduct relatively composing and completing. In this paper, questionnaire method and literature method are used to carry out investigation and analysis on sub-health people and therefore, the hygienic gymnastics for sub-health improving is composed and summarized.

Muscle-Strengthening Exercise Links with Lower Odds for Depression in Adolescents

Purpose:Physical activity is a well-recognized protective factor against depression in adolescents.As a compo-nent of physical activity,muscle strengthening exercise(MSE)is also viewed as a correlate associated with lower risks of depression in adults.However,little is known about the association in adolescents.This study aimed to explore the association between MSE and depression in a sample of Chinese adolescents.Method:A self-reported questionnaire was used for data collection including variables of MSE,depression(assessed by Children’s Depres-sion Inventory)and selected sociodemographic factors(e.g.,sex,grade,height and weight[for body mass index]).Generalized Linear Models was utilized to estimate the association between MSE and depression.Results:Results showed a negative association between MSE and depression(Beta=–0.66;both MSE and depression were treated as continuous variables).When treating MSE(meeting or not meeting the recommendations)and depression as binary variables,odds ratio for depression in adolescents not meeting the MSE recommendation was significant higher(odd ratio=1.50,95%CI:1.15–1.96)than those meeting the MSE recommendations.Conclusions:This study found that MSE may be a protective factor against MSE in adolescents.Future studies are encouraged to confirm or negate our studyfinding using improved study design.

The Acute Effects of Aerobic Dance Exercise with and without Face Mask Use on Attention, Perceived Exertion and Mood States

The present study aimed to determine the effect of wearing a face mask during aerobic dance exercise on cognitive function,more specifically on attention,as well as on perceived exertion and mood states.Thirteen healthy college students(9 males and 4 females:mean age=17.5 years,height=1.72 m,weight=71.00 kg)volunteered to participate in this study.They were randomized to perform aerobic dance exercise while wearing a cloth face mask or no mask or a control condition(sitting on a comfortable chair and reading information about the health benefits of aerobic dance exercise)on three separate occasions(with at least one week of interval).Rate of perceived exertion(RPE),the Brunel Mood Scale(BRUMS)and d2 Attention assessment were assessed before and immediately after each condition.The results demonstrated higher concentration performance for the aerobic dance exercise without face mask than the control condition(p=0.05).Post RPE and BRUMS fatigue subscale values were significantly higher in the aerobic dance exercise with face mask as compared to the aerobic dance exercise without face mask and control condition(all,p<0.05).BRUMS vigor subscale value significantly differed across conditions(F=113.84,p<0.001,ES=0.86)and was significantly higher in the aerobic dance exercise group without face mask as compared to the aerobic dance exercise with face mask and the control conditions(both,p<0.001).This study suggests that face mask use during aerobic dance exercise with moderate intensity did not affect attention.Practitioners,students and athletes should avoid wearing face mask while practicing physical activity or aerobic dance exercise with moderate intensity to improve its acute effect on cognitive function.

Blood flow restriction training improves the efficacy of routine intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability

As a new means of rehabilitation,blood flow restriction training(BFRT)is widely used in the field of musculoskeletal rehabilitation.To observe whether BFRT can improve the efficacy of routine rehabilitation intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability(CAI).Twenty-three patients with CAI were randomly divided into a routine rehabilitation group(RR Group)and a routine rehabilitationþblood flow restriction training group(RRþBFRT Group)according to the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool(CAIT)score.The RR Group was treated with routine rehabilitation means for intervention,and the RRþBFRT Group was treated with a tourniquet to restrict lower limb blood flow for rehabilitation training based on routine training.Before and after the intervention,the CAIT score on the affected side,standing time on one leg with eyes closed,comprehensive scores of the Y-balance test,and surface electromyography data of tibialis anterior(TA)and peroneus longus(PL)were collected to evaluate the recovery of the subjects.Patients were followed up 1 year after the intervention.After 4 weeks of intervention,the RRþBFRT Group CAIT score was significantly higher than the RR Group(19.33 VS 16.73,p<0.05),the time of standing on one leg with eyes closed and the comprehensive score of Y-balance were improved,but there was no statistical difference between groups(p>0.05).RRþBFRT Group increased the muscle activation of the TA with maximum exertion of the ankle dorsal extensor(p<0.05)and had no significant change in the muscle activation of the PL with maximum exertion of the ankle valgus(p>0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of resprains within 1 year between the groups(36.36%VS 16.67%,p>0.05).The incidence of ankle pain in the RRþBFRT Group was lower than that in the RR Group(63.64%VS 9.09%,p<0.01).Therefore,four-weeks BFRT improves the effect of the routine intervention,and BFRT-related interventions are recommended for CAI patients with severe ankle muscle mass impairment or severe pain.

One-hour after-school exercise ameliorates central adiposity and lipids in overweight Chinese adolescents： a randomized controlled trial

Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents was increasing during the past few decades. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of after-school exercise with or without diet restriction on total and central obesity, fitness level, and metabolic profile in overweight Chinese adolescents.Methods A ten-week weight loss trial was performed using a 2×2 block design （exercisexdiet）. Ninety-three overweight adolescents （average age：（13.6±0.7） years; body mass index （BMI）： 22.4-34.1 kg/m2） were randomly assigned to four groups：1） diet （D）; 2） exercise （EX）; 3） diet plus exercise （DEX）; and 4） overweight control （C）. Caloric intake recipes were enacted based on individual age and corresponding ideal body weight. One-hour after-school exercise was performed once per day, four days per week for ten weeks. Changes of anthropometry, body composition, aerobic fitness,and metabolic biomarkers were determined.Results Groups D, EX and DEX had a significant decrease in BMI （P〈0.01） after the intervention. The percentage of body and truncal fat, and waist circumference were independently reduced by exercise （P〈0.05 and P 〈0.01）, but not diet. The decrease in body fat percentage was positively related with the exercise compliance （r=0.34,P=0.01）. Exercise decreased truncal fat percentage and waist circumference, suggesting a reduction of central adiposity, but did not significantly affect body weight and BMI. Exercise significantly reduced serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （P=0.037）, which was positively correlated with decreases of truncal fat percentage （r=0.222, P=0.048）. No significant effects of interventions on insulin sensitivity, early insulin release index, and aerobic fitness were observed.Conclusion At least twice a week of one-hour after-school exercise significantly attenuated central adiposity and had a significant impact on lipid profiles in overweight Chinese adolescents.

Mind-tranquilizing Needling Technique & Insomnia:Therapeutic Efficacy Observation of 63 Cases

Objective： To investigate the clinical efficacy of treating insomnia with mind-tranquilizing acupuncture. Method： Sixty three patients were randomly divided into a treatment group of 32 cases and a control group of 31 cases. The treatment group received mind-tranquilizing acupuncture and the control group, oral depression relieving and mind-calming herbal granules, for 30 days. Results： The response rate was 87.5% in the treatment group and 77.4% in the control group. There were significant differences in falling-sleep time, lasting period and times of nocturnal waking （P 〈 0.05） and a very significant difference in dream improvement （P〈 0.01） between the two groups. There were no significant differences in afterwaking conditions and sleep evaluation （P〉 0.05）. Conclusion： Clinically mind tranquilizing acupuncture has a better effect on insomnia than depression-relieving and mind-calming herbal granules.

Anthropometric Characteristics of Elite Male Taekwondo Players Based on Weight Categories

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the anthropometric characteristics of elite taekwondo players based on weight categories,and to determine if the length of the lower extremities might influence player’s success-level.A total of 59 elite male taekwondo players(22.02±3.07 years)participated in this study.Methods All anthropometric assessments were performed according to the standards and methodology of the International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry.The 18 anthropometrical variables were measured for each athlete and compared between 7 different weight categories.The players were also divided into two groups(national and international)and the ratios of sitting-height to stature were compared.Results There were significant differences(P<0.05)between weight divisions in stature,body mass index,percentage of body fat,endomorphy,and mesomorphy,which were greater(P<0.05)in heavy weight groups than light weight groups,and ectomorphy,which was greater(P<0.05)in very light weight groups compared with the other weights.There was no significant difference in lean mass index(P>0.05)between weight groups.Sitting height/stature ratio was significantly dif-ferent(P<0.05)between the two groups,where the international group had longer lower extremities than the national group.Conclusion The findings of this study provide a valuable framework to support talent identification programmes and the development of specialised preparatory strategies for different weight divisions with the sport.

Weighted ■_(p)-Minimization for Sparse Signal Recovery under Arbitrary Support Prior

Weighted ■_(p)(0<p<l)minimization has been extensively studied as an effective way to reconstruct a sparse signal from compressively sampled measurements when some prior support information of the signal is available.In this paper,we consider the recovery guarantees of Κ-sparse signals via the weighted ■_(p)(0<P<1)minimization when arbitrarily many support priors are given.Our analysis enables an extension to existing works that assume only a single support prior is used.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Atherosclerotic Risk in Postmenopausal Women

Introduction To study the effects of aerobic exercise on lipid metabolism,endothelial function,and oxidative stress reaction in postmenopausal women,in order to prevent and control atherosclerosis.Methods Thirty-two women with natural menopause were randomly divided into an exercise group and a control group.Participants in the exercise group(n=16)took part in a 3-month aerobic training program according to their exercise pre-scription,while participants in the control group(n=16)maintained their usual lifestyles.Lipids,endothelial function,and oxidative stress-related indicators were measured before and after the intervention.Results After 3 months of aerobic training at an intensity of 50-60%of cardiorespiratory fitness,serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly(P<0.05),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly(P<0.01).A significant reduction in endothelin(P<0.01)and a significant increase in nitric oxide(P<0.05)were also observed.The training intervention also delayed the increase in homocysteine and cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3 in postmenopausal women.Conclusions Aerobic exercise had a positive effect on blood lipids,endothelial function,and oxidative stress of postmeno-pausal women,and these changes may mitigate the risk of atherosclerosis occurrence.Similar exercise programs could be used as a primary atherosclerosis prevention strategy for postmenopausal women.