Growth and Yield of Rice(Oryza sativa L.)Applied by Inorganic and Organic Fertilizer in Indonesian Tidal Soil

The aims of this study were to determine the dose of inorganic fertilizer of NPK combined with organic fertilizer from CM(Cow Manure)to grow paddy Inpara 8 variety planted in a tidal soil.This experiment was done in a green house and conducted from July to December 2020.This pot experiment used factorial completely randomized design with two factors and three replications.The first factor was NPK which consisted of two kinds of NPK fertilizers which were urea 200 kg/ha,SP-36100 kg/ha,KCl 100 kg/ha from recommended fertilization and urea 37 kg/ha,SP-3656 kg/ha,KCl 183 kg/ha from calculation of the specific location soil analysis(in situ data).The second factor was dosage of CM at 5,7.5 and 10 tons/ha respectively.The results showed that NPK fertilization from specific location combined with CM at 10 tons/ha was the best treatment for rice production in an infertile tidal swampland producing 2.20 tons/ha.

Morpho-Physiological Response of Oryza glaberrima to Gradual Soil Drying

Soil drought occurrence during dry season has been the main constraint, besides prolonged flooding during rainy season, in increasing cropping intensity and rice productivity in tropical riparian wetland. Use of drought tolerant rice genotype might be a suitable option for overcoming such problem. This study focused on the effects of gradual soil drying during early vegetative growth stage on morphological and physiological traits of five Oryza glaberrima genotypes, namely RAM12, RAM14, RAM59, RAM97 and RAM101, and two Oryza sativa subsp japonica genotypes, i.e. Koshihikari and Minamihatamochi. The plants were subjected to 6 d of gradual soil drying condition from 15 days after transplanting(DAT) to 20 DAT, and were allowed to recover until 22 DAT. Gradual soil drying reduced plant growth as indicated by dry mass accumulation. Drought reduced stomatal conductance and increased leaf rolling score of all the genotypes. All the genotypes showed comparable response on stomatal conductance, but O. glaberrima genotypes performed higher in leaf rolling recovery. Meanwhile, O. sativa genotypes decreased total leaf area and specific leaf area, but increased specific leaf weight in order to avoid further damages due to drought stress. Drought tolerance mechanisms in RAM101, RAM12, RAM59 and RAM14 were associated with leaf morpho-physiological responses, root traits and dry biomass accumulation.

Optimazing operation and maintenance Telang II tidal reclamation scheme in relation to agricultural development

The objective of this research is to study the hydraulic performance of the water management system of the Telang 2 tidal lowland reclamation scheme with respect to the operation and maintenance of the system. The hydraulic performance of the system should inline with the food crop water requirement and its cropping pattern. Based on the result of this research, a basic model will be set up in order to support a sustainable agricultural development in the area. The methodology of this research consists of 1) Analysing the hydraulic performance of the water management system for the existing condition as well as under the proposed scenarios;2) socio-economical approach to the related farmers in relation to the operation and maintenance of the water management system;3) Mathematical modelling of crop water requirement and an optimal water management system and its water management zoning system;4) Cost benefit analysis related to operation and maintenance of the water management system, role sharing and cost sharing. In this study, computer softwares CROPWAT, DUFLOW dan ArcGIS have been used as supporting tools in the analysis and evaluation. CROPWAT model was used for calculating the crop water requirement based on the climatological condition and proposed cropping pattern (rice-maize and rice-rice) and its calendar. Based on the result of the CROPWAT model, DUFLOW model was used in order to evaluate the capacity and hydraulic performance of the open canal system. Finally based on the field water layer condition, water management zoning can be derived by using ArcGIS in relation to the crop water requirement and required water levels in the water management system. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the cropping pattern rice-rice or rice-maize are preferable and the co sharing is 50% by the Government and 50% by the farmers is the best option and this is also inline with the hydro-topographical condition of the related area.

Planting Values for Saving Groundwater through Family Education

This study aims to determine the planting values for saving groundwater through family education in Larangan Selatan sub-district of Tangerang. The research respondents were parents from 40 families in Citizen Association (RW) 10 Cileduk Tangerang. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, sampling techniques using purposive sampling. Research instruments include planting water-saving values through explanation, giving examples, reminding, direct reprimand, telling, getting used to. For observing, focus that be observed were 4 things on the house yard of respondent, were about: The provision of bio pores, rainwater infiltration ponds, the provision of land in the yard, increasing vegetation in the yard. The results of the study showed that parents carrying out educational tasks, namely instilling economical value in the use of groundwater were in good category, namely they conveyed to their children to save water. Parents often rebuke directly if it is seen that children do not use water sparingly. The result of the observation is the houses still provide land for rainwater infiltration and they are all plant a yard with plant and flowers on a pot. There is no houses has biopory and rain fed wells. For this reason, it is recommended that the head of citizen association (RW) give an example and invite community leaders who can explain the importance of instill low value in using water.

Opportunities for the School System to Instill Environmental Values

This study aims to reveal the opportunities for schools to educate environmental values. This research uses qualitative methods. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and literature studies. The research subject is the teacher and focus of the research is what of availability in the school system that enables teacher to have the opportunities to educate student about values of environmental caring. Analysis uses data reduction, primary school teachers are taken randomly. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative analysis. Technical data analysis uses data reduction, verification and conclusion drawing. The results showed that schools have a great opportunity to be utilized for the education of environmental values. These opportunities are: vision and mission of school orientation, school curriculum, extracurricular activities, educational interactions, commemoration of holidays, rewards and punishments, conventions, school physical environment, rules and norms, school slogans. It is suggested that schools in this case (school principals) socialize these opportunities and utilize the opportunities available in schools effectively and efficiently used for environmental value education.

Study on the Utilization of Low Grade Tin Ore Results Washing(SHP)with a Shaking Table to Improve Recovery and Grade of Tin Ore:Case Study in Toboali Washing Plant PT Timah Tbk Bangka

Shaking table is a technology that is still used in processing of tin ore using water as a medium.In the application at PT Timah Tbk,the shaking table is still used to process low grade tin ore into tin ore with a standard smelting grade of PT Timah(72%-74%Sn).In processing tin ore using a shaking table,valuable minerals and impurity minerals are separated based on differences in specific gravity,size and shape of the mineral.To get the recovery of valuable minerals(recovery)and optimal grades,it is strongly influenced by the separation variables of tin ore minerals.These variables include riffle,slope of deck,washing water rate,stroke length,and deck movement speed.This study aims to vary the number of riffles,table slope and time in a laboratory scale to obtain optimal recovery and grade of tin ore.Tin ore samples were obtained from the washing residue of the Toboali Washing Plant tin ore.In the experiment,the numbers of riffles set were 16(R1),24(R2)and 34(R3).The table slopes were 2°(S1),3°(S2),and 4°(S3).Time variations were 15(T1),20(T2)and 25 min(T3).The relationship between the number of riffles and the grade can be determined through quadratic polynomial regression analysis with the functionŶ=-20.60+2.26X+(-0.04X2),while the relationship between the number of riffles and recovery is determined by the functionŶ=-173.33+17.376 X+(-0.315X2).Optimal levels are obtained at variations in the number of riffle 26 by 66.43%,with levels of 8.45%Sn.Optimal recovery is obtained on the variation of the number of riffle 28 with a recovery of 66.43%.

The Growth of Rice(Oryza sativa L.)on Non Tidal Lowland Soil through Enrichment of Azolla and Different Level Fertilization Dosage(N and P)

Rice can grow in the non tidal lowland despite its limited soil fertility.One of the biofertilizers that can be used to improve fertility is azolla.This research aims to evaluate the growth of rice in non tidal lowlands using azolla to enrich the soil and different dosage of N(Nitrogen)and P(Phosphate)fertilization.A FCRD(Factorial Completely Randomized Design)was adopted consisting of 3 treatment factors,namely concentrations of N with doses of N1:46 kg/ha;N2:69 kg/ha;N3:92 kg/ha;P with P1:34 kg/ha;P2:68 kg/ha;and the application of azolla(A0:without azolla and A1:with 100 g/m2 azolla).The result showed that enriching the soil with azolla,fertilization dosage N and P,has a significant effect on plant height in the 4th WAP(Week After Planting).Furthermore,the interaction between azolla and N significantly influences panicle number,grain weight,and plant height at 2nd,4th,and 8th WAP.Conclusively,the application of azolla,N,and P fertilization supplied nutrients to rice crops in the non tidal lowland.

Application of Cow Manure Combined with Rice Husk Ash to Increase Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) Production in Indonesia Ultisol

This study aims to determine the ability of CM(Cow Manure)combined with RHA(Rice Husk Ash)to provide a significant effect on the growth and production of soybean planted in an ultisol.It was conducted in a pot experiment at the Experimental Site of the Faculty of Agriculture,Sriwijaya University,Indralaya,Indonesia between September 2019 and February 2020 using completely randomized design factorial with two factors which were two rate levels of RHA at 3.75 and 7.5 tons·ha^(-1) and three rate levels of CM at 0,10,and 20 tons·ha^(-1).It is important to note that each combination was repeated three times,thereby,leading to a total of 18 pots.The variables studied were plant growth and yield which are represented by plant height,the total number of pods,number of filled pods,seed weight per plant,and soybean produced.The results showed that CM combined with RHA was effective in increasing nutrient availability and reducing soil acidity.It was discovered that CM had a significant effect on soil pH,plant height,the total number of pods,number of filled pods,seed weight per plant,and soybean produced while RHA did not have any significant difference on all the variables observed.However,the combination of 10 tons·ha-1 CM with 3.75 tons·ha-1 RHA was observed to be the best combination treatment to increase the growth and production of soybean in ultisol as indicated by its ability to produce 2.58 tons·ha^(-1) soybean.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Etiopathogenesis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum:A Literature Review

The recent increase in placenta accreta spectrum has been correlated with a rise in the rate of cesarean sections.A recent study provides evidence that hampered wound healing results in cesarean scar defects that lead to a failure in the normal process of decidualization and deeper adherence of trophoblasts.Matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)is crucial in every step of wound healing as it alters the wound matrix,facilitating cell migration,as well as tissue remodeling.MMP-9 expression is higher in placental and decidual tissue in cases of placenta accreta.Based on these findings,assessment of MMP-9 expression can shed new light on the etiopathology of placenta accreta spectrum disorder and can be a potential diagnostic marker.