Bioinspired engineering ADSC nanovesicles thermosensitive hydrogel enhance autophagy of dermal papilla cells for androgenetic alopecia treatment

Androgenic alopecia(AGA)is a highly prevalent form of non-scarring alopecia but lacks effective treatments.Stem cell exosomes have similar repair effects to stem cells,suffer from the drawbacks of high cost and low yield yet.Cell-derived nanovesicles acquired through mechanical extrusion exhibit favorable biomimetic properties similar to exosomes,enabling them to efficiently encapsulate substantial quantities of therapeutic proteins.In this study,we observed that JAM-A,an adhesion protein,resulted in a significantly increased the adhesion and resilience of dermal papilla cells to form snap structures against damage caused by dihydrotestosterone and macrophages,thereby facilitating the process of hair regrowth in cases of AGA.Consequently,adipose-derived stem cells were modified to overexpress JAM-A to produce engineered JAM-A overexpressing nanovesicles(JAM-A^(OE)@NV).The incorporation of JAM-A^(OE)@NV into a thermosensitive hydrogel matrix(JAM-A^(OE)@NV Gel)to effectively addresses the limitations associated with the short half-life of JAM-A^(OE)@NV,and resulted in the achievement of a sustained-release profile for JAM-A^(OE)@NV.The physicochemical characteristics of the JAM-A^(OE)@NV Gel were analyzed and assessed for its efficacy in promoting hair regrowth in vivo and vitro.The JAM-A^(OE)@NV Gel,thus,presents a novel therapeutic approach and theoretical framework for promoting the treatment of low cell adhesion diseases similar to AGA.

Taphonomic characterisation of tooth marks of extinct Eurasian carnivores through geometric morphometrics

Determining the cause and nature of the postmortem processes that living organisms experience is one of the main common issues faced by forensic experts,zooarchaeologists,palaeontologists,and other specialists.Carnivores are among the most destructive agents that can interact with a corpse,since their feeding behaviour can lead to very extensive alterations,complicating the diagnostic identification of which carnivore species was responsible for the death of an individual,a livestock unit,or the formation of a fossil assemblage.Even though some currently available techniques enable forensic experts to undertake a differential diagnosis of carnivore agency from corpse examination.