基于数值模拟的温室湿帘-风机运行参数确定方法研究

为提高温室湿帘-风机系统降温效果、降低温室运行成本,运用计算流体力学方法(CFD)构建温室三维模型,模拟湿帘-风机系统运行过程,探究运行参数对温室内部温度场影响规律。对湿帘面积、风机风速、湿帘入口温度三种影响参数进行组合,通过成本分析、温度占比及温度分布均匀性选配合适的湿帘-风机降温系统参数。结果表明:模拟值与实测值最大误差为3.983%,验证CFD模型的有效性。由数值模拟可知:温室水平向及竖直向存在梯度变化,在湿帘-风机降温系统开启210 s时,温室内部整体温度稳定在27.9℃。夏季高温季节,当温室温度高达35℃时,利用CFD优选出湿帘-风机降温系统配置参数为湿帘面积0.5 m^(2),风机风速4 m/s;湿帘入口温度23.85℃时,经过300 s温度由35℃降低至30℃,温室内温度偏差系数为0.077,满足作物生长需求且成本低。基于数值模拟的温室湿帘-风机降温系统的参数选取方法,可应用到陕西地区双拱温室中。

Customized Convolutional Neural Network for Accurate Detection of Deep Fake Images in Video Collections

The motivation for this study is that the quality of deep fakes is constantly improving,which leads to the need to develop new methods for their detection.The proposed Customized Convolutional Neural Network method involves extracting structured data from video frames using facial landmark detection,which is then used as input to the CNN.The customized Convolutional Neural Network method is the date augmented-based CNN model to generate‘fake data’or‘fake images’.This study was carried out using Python and its libraries.We used 242 films from the dataset gathered by the Deep Fake Detection Challenge,of which 199 were made up and the remaining 53 were real.Ten seconds were allotted for each video.There were 318 videos used in all,199 of which were fake and 119 of which were real.Our proposedmethod achieved a testing accuracy of 91.47%,loss of 0.342,and AUC score of 0.92,outperforming two alternative approaches,CNN and MLP-CNN.Furthermore,our method succeeded in greater accuracy than contemporary models such as XceptionNet,Meso-4,EfficientNet-BO,MesoInception-4,VGG-16,and DST-Net.The novelty of this investigation is the development of a new Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)learning model that can accurately detect deep fake face photos.

Employment and development levels in rural areas of the Russian Federation

The development of agro-industrial complex is important for ensuring national food security and national health.The development of rural areas is subject to the development of agriculture and local infrastructure,as well as the availability of various services.This study selected 15 indicators in 2021 to analyze the employment and development levels in rural areas of 71 regions of the Russian Federation using the analytical grouping method.The results indicated that 20 regions(Group 1)had the highest percentage of rural population(33.10%).The percentage of population engaged in agriculture had the highest value(12.40%)in 31 regions(Group 2).Moreover,20 regions(Group 3)had the highest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget(11.80 USD/person).Increasing the investments in fixed assets carried out from the budget of the municipality can improve the employment level in rural areas.Then,we used cluster analysis to divide 14 regions of the Volga Federal District in the Russian Federation into 3 clusters.Cluster 1 covered Kirov Region and Republic of Mari El;Cluster 2 included Ulyanovsk Region,Saratov Region,Nizhny Novgorod Region,Perm Territory,Orenburg Region,Chuvash Region,and Republic of Mordovia;and Cluster 3 contained Republic of Tatarstan,Samara Region,Udmurtian Republic,Penza Region,and Republic of Bashkortostan.Results indicated that the 2 regions of Cluster 1 need to increase the availability of resources and natural gas and improve the investment attractiveness of rural areas.The 7 regions of Cluster 2 needed to develop infrastructure,public services,and agricultural production.We found the highest employment level in rural areas,the largest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget,the largest residential building area per 10,000 persons,and the largest individual residential building area in the 5 regions of Cluster 3.This study makes it possible to draw up a comprehensive regional development program and proves the need for the development of rural areas,which is especially important for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation.

Exploring well-being disparities between urban and rural areas:A case study in the Stavropol Territory,Russia

Rural areas are crucial for a country’s sustainable economy.New strategies are needed to develop rural areas to improve the well-being of rural population and generate new job opportunities.This is especially important in countries where agricultural production accounts for a significant share of the gross product,such as Russia.In this study,we identified the key indicators of satisfaction and differences between rural and urban citizens based on their social,economic,and environmental backgrounds,and determined whether there are well-being disparities between rural and urban areas in the Stavropol Territory,Russia.We collected primary data through a survey based on the European Social Survey framework to investigate the potential differences between rural and urban areas.By computing the regional well-being index using principal component analysis,we found that there was no statistically significant difference in well-being between rural and urban areas.Results of key indicators showed that rural residents felt psychologically more comfortable and safer,assessed their family relationships better,and adhered more to traditions and customs.However,urban residents showed better economic and social conditions(e.g.,infrastructures,medical care,education,and Internet access).The results of this study imply that we can better understand the local needs,advantages,and unique qualities,thereby gaining insight into the effectiveness of government programs.Policy-makers and local authorities can consider targeted interventions based on the findings of this study and strive to enhance the well-being of both urban and rural residents.

The association between the allelic state of <i>Vp</i>-1<i>B</i>and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance in red-seeded hexaploid triticale

The core collection of red-seeded winter hexaploid triticale with different pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance has been evaluated for the allelic structure of the gene VIVIPAROUS-1B (Vp-1B) with STS molecular marker. The discovered structure of the collection was as follows: 50.0% and 41.7% of the collection carries Vp-1Bа and Vp-1Bc alleles, respectively, while 8,3% possesses both of them. As a result of the seed color estimation, the collection has been divided into two groups: with dark red seeds and light red seeds. The allele Vp-1Bc has appeared to be associated with PHS resistance while Vp-1Ba with PHS susceptibility in the triticale accessions with light red seeds only. The influence of the seed color and allelic state of Vp-1B on PHS resistance in triticale is discussed.

Present State of Pasture Types of the Central Kyzylkum

The modern state of desert pastures of the Central Kyzylkum has been studied. The pasture territories of the Central Kyzylkum are distributed on sandy soils (14%), salt marshes (6%), gravellyloamy gray-brown soils (75%) and riparian nature-territorial complexes (5%). The main (75%) areas of pasture are occupied by the gravelly-loamy gray-brown soils which are dominated by species of sagebrushes. There are formed of 8 pasture types depending on the properties of natural complexes. The main type of pasture is sagebrushes (Mixto artemisieta), which occupy 60% of the pasture area, and then follow Peganeta harmala, Mixto calligoneta, Halocnemeta strobilacei, Tamariceta varia, Haloxyleta aphylli, Convolvuleta hamadae and Mixshrubs pasture types. The share of fodder plants is high (an average of 83%) in the flora of the study area. According to seasonal grazing, pastures of the Central Kyzylkum can be divided 5 groups: year-round, spring, spring-summer, autumn-winter and unsuitable pastures for grazing. Among them are prevail year-round grazing pastures. The numbers of annual plants and abundance venomous plants in the flora are indicators of pasture degradation in the study area. Annual plants may occupy 55% of composition of plant communities on degraded sites, besides the pasture types which formed under the influence of anthropogenic factors. In Central Kyzylkum newly formed and transformed pasture types occupy 25% of pastures.

Taxonomic Analysis and Ecological Features of the Algal Flora of the Water Bodies of the West Zarafshan Range

There are a number of reservoirs in the West Zarafshan Range, which have their own water-saturated, hydrographic, soil and ecological features. In this regard, their algoflora is also formed in its own way. As a result of research in this area, 217 species of algae were identified, belonging to 5 divisions, 11 classes, 37 orders, 57 families and 97 genera. The development and distribution of organisms in water is influenced by a number of external factors, such as: temperature, light, mineral and organic substances, active-reactive water environment, gas regime (oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide), flow rate, change in water volume, degree transparency and wave formation.

Philosophical Matrix as a System of Categories of Pure Mind

The article is a study devoted to the development of the concept of the philosophical matrix as a system of categories of pure reason.The author proposes a new approach to understanding the philosophical system of categories by putting forward unambiguous comparative concepts that serve as the basis for natural sciences.While the foundations of specific sciences are the concepts of“practical reason”,the author finds the categories of“pure reason”to be the foundations of philosophy,understood as“knowledge of the universal”.The article shows that relying on the senses and the concepts of“practical reason”allows for the verification of knowledge,while their generalization,removed from knowledge obtained empirically,gives categories of“pure reason”,which are accepted as the building material of the matrix.In this way,the author proposes a new system of philosophical categories that describes the fundamental aspects of human reasoning and its interaction with the world.At the same time,the categories of the philosophical matrix are not related to such ambiguous classificatory concepts as space,time,being,existence,consciousness,and others.The article draws attention to the fact that the matrix can be used not only to analyze philosophical theories but also to develop new concrete scientific approaches,for example,for the intellectual development of children.In addition,the article suggests the possibility of applying the philosophical matrix in other areas of the humanities,including psychology,linguistics,and sociology.As a result of the conducted research,the human intellect is divided into three ascending stages,designated by me in the following words-reason,mind,and wisdom,with the subsequent use of these concepts in philosophy and other fields of knowledge.

The Advent of Wide Bandgap Green-Synthesized Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide Nanoparticles for Applications in Optical and Electronic Devices

Power-electronic devices are widely used in various applications, such as voltage and frequency control for transmitting and converting electric power. As these devices are becoming increasingly important, there is a need to reduce their losses and improve their performance to reduce electric power consumption. Current power semiconductor devices, such as inverters, are made of silicon (Si), but the performance of these Si power devices is reaching its limit due to physical properties and energy bandgap. To address this issue, recent developments in wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), offer the potential for a new generation of power semiconductor devices that can perform significantly better than silicon-based devices. In this research, a green synthesized copper-zinc-tin-sulfide (CZTS) nanoparticle is proposed as a new WBG semiconductor material that could be used for optical and electronic devices. Its synthesis, consisting of the production methods and materials used, is discussed. The characterization is also discussed, and further research is recommended in the later sections to enable the continual advancement of this technology.

莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)sub^(cbnI)基因的遗传学性质分析

通过将莱茵衣藻回复合成叶绿素ｂ能力的１４种回复突变株和野生型杂文并对其后代进行四分子分析与随机分析，发现导致回复突变的抑制基因ｓｕｂ位于第一染色体，并根据其连锁程度的不同初步鉴定出５个同功能的非等位ｓｕｂ基因。杂交分析表明ｓｕｂ基因不具有等位专一性，以及在促使ｃｂｎＩ基因重新获得合成叶绿素ｂ的能力的过程中具有单一基因决定性状的特点，不同的ｓｕｂ基因具有其独立的表型效应。ｓｕｂ／Ｓｕｂ杂合二倍体的表型分析证明ｓｕｂ基因是显性突变基因。多个非等位ｓｕｂ基因的存在及其上述特点，都显示出叶绿素ｂ的生物合成，可能存在多种途径或多种调控方式。

Multivariate Cluster and Principle Component Analyses of Selected Yield Traits in Uzbek Bread Wheat Cultivars

Investigation of genetic diversity of geographically distant wheat genotypes is a useful approach in wheat breeding providing efficient crop varieties. This article presents multivariate cluster and principal component analyses (PCA) of some yield traits of wheat, such as thousand-kernel weight (TKW), grain number, grain yield and plant height. Based on the results, an evaluation of economically valuable attributes by eigenvalues made it possible to determine the components that significantly contribute to the yield of common wheat genotypes. Twenty-five genotypes were grouped into four clusters on the basis of average linkage. The PCA showed four principal components (PC) with eigenvalues > 1, explaining approximately 90.8% of the total variability. According to PC analysis, the variance in the eigenvalues was the greatest (4.33) for PC-1, PC-2 (1.86) and PC-3 (1.01). The cluster analysis revealed the classification of 25 accessions into four diverse groups. Averages, standard deviations and variances for clusters based on morpho-physiological traits showed that the maximum average values for grain yield (742.2), biomass (1756.7), grains square meter (18,373.7), and grains per spike (45.3) were higher in cluster C compared to other clusters. Cluster D exhibited the maximum thousand-kernel weight (TKW) (46.6).

Effects of Sulfur and Manganese Micronutrients on the Yield of Soybean Varieties

In this article, it is given about lengthening of praxis period, stem and leaf growth, leaf surface, number of stems and weight than the control variant soybean varieties, and the yield and grain quality of soybean varieties are significantly higher when the three types of sulfur and manganese on background of mineral fertilizers are applied in suspension in the condition of meadow-swamp soil. In the soybean varieties, mineral fertilizers were used in the variant with an additional yield of around 5 - 12 c/ha compared to the control. According to the norms of the manganese element, around 7 - 20 c/ha;when using sulfur, the yield in soybean varieties is around 8.0 - 18.0 c/ha. On the background of mineral fertilizers, grain quality has changed due to micronutrients. Protein content in the “Orzu” variety increased by 3.1% - 8.4% when manganese and sulfur elements were used;in the “Nafis” variety, the protein content was found to increase by 6.1% - 8.5%.

Influence of Soil Salt on Growth, Development and Seed Productivity of Artichoke Varieties

The seed productivity of the artichoke varieties Green Gold, Imperial Star, Violetto was revealed in the conditions of medium saline soils of the Bukhara region. The data obtained showed that seed productivity is directly proportional to fruit crowns. The soil and climatic conditions of the studied area significantly affect the ontogeny of varieties.

情景预测的风险管理系统的必要组成部分

系统的方法来预测情况的风险管理系统建设的方法。它的功能是葡萄栽培所示。反映这种技术的普遍性。先行查找的情况的风险管理系统的限制范围内的建造工程的技术被认为是从系统的位置。说明它的可能性的葡萄酒产区发展的一个例子。这种技术的通用字符被反射。

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the

Artemia cyst production in Russia

In Western Siberia(Russia) there are about 100 Artemia lakes with total area over 1 600 km 2.Geographically these lakes are located between 51°–56°N and 61°–82°E.In general these lakes are shallow(depth less than 1.5 m),small or medium size(0.1 to 10 km 2);they are chloride;their total salinity is from 40 to 250 g/L.The harvesting of cysts per year is only in 20–40 lakes.In Russia 550 tons of dry Artemia cysts(14%–18% of the world production) were harvested annually.This includes about 350 tons in the Altai region and 200 tons in other regions.During our regular 20-year study period the cyst harvest was:95 tons in Kurgan;65 tons in Omsk,20 tons in Novosibirsk,20 tons in Tyumen.Ways of increasing cyst harvest in Russia are considered in this article.During the last 30 years the harvest of cysts in Russia has increased from 7–20 to 500–600 tons.A significant influence of dryness of the year was found on productivity in selected lakes,but taken for all the lakes together,the relationship was not significant.The optimal salinity for productivity of cysts in the lakes was determined.Analysis of productivity of the lakes and the harvesting results showed that the stocks of cysts are underutilized by approximately 1.7 times.

Dynamics of annual growth of Pinus sylvestris on industrial wastes of mining companies

The development of the mining industry has led to the appearance in many parts of the world of vast technogenic territories from which toxic heavy metals enter the environment and food chains.Physical,chemical,and biological methods of cleaning industrial land due to technological complexity and hi gh cost are relatively little used on a large scale.Natural forest overgrowth of mining sites and the removal of heavy metals by woody plants can be an effective form of recovery.Therefore,the study of this process is of significant scientific and practical interest.The analysis of the annual growth in height and width of the annual rings of the stem of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.) in 2004-2019 was made on the territory of the Uchalinsky mining and processing plant(South Ural,Russia) contaminated with heavy metals.Relatively hi gh concentrations of copper and zinc were found in soils,roots,bark,young shoots,comparable to exceeding the maximum allowable concentrations.Despite the spatial uniformity of the heavy metal content in the stands,the tree samples significantly differed in terms of annual growth.Results suggest that the lack of nutrients and not stress from exposure to heavy metals is the main reason for relatively low growth rates on slopes of industrial wastes.It was confirmed by studying the annual growth in height of the undergrowth in habitats with different soil cover conservation.The data prove the relatively high potential of Scots pine for the natural recovery of industrial lands polluted with heavy metals by mining enterprises.

Genetic diversity and differentiation among populations of the pedunculate oak(Quercus robur)at the eastern margin of its range based on a new set of 95 SNP loci

The aim of this study is to determine the genetic variability and differentiation among populations of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur)at the eastern margin of the species distribution range.We applied new set of 95 geographically informative nuclear SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism)loci developed using Double Digest Restriction Site Associated DNA(ddRAD),a new generation DNA sequencing technology.The study area is located in the basins of the Volga River and its two main tributaries,Kama and Belaya.Despite the strong reduction and fragmentation of pedunculate oak forests over the last several centuries and comparatively small sizes of present stands,a relatively similar genetic diversity of seven populations was observed(on average,allelic diversity v_(a)=1.472-1.603,observed heterozygosity H_(O)=0.305-0.358,expected heterozygosity H_(E)=0.272-0.343).The genetic distances between populations vary between 0.102 and 0.170(on average,d_(0)=0.128).We have identified the absence of a spatial genetic structure and the existence of genetically peculiar populations in the territory studied.The genetic distances of Gregorius between populations vary between 0.102 and 0.170(on average,d_(0)=0.128).Genetic differentiation among populations was statistically significant with a mean of the fixation index FST of 0.075.Populations from the Privolzhye Upplands and from northern parts of the study area make the most contribution to overall inter-population differentiation(d_(0)=0.137).No significant differences exist among the samples at lowlands along the Volga river(d_(0)=0.110).It was concluded that the multiplicity and different ages of local populations and the complexity of migration routes of the pedunculate oak from Pleistocene refugia and secondary Holocene shelters can cause this phenomenon.

Effects of the growing-maize canopy and irrigation characteristics on the ability to funnel sprinkler water

Stemflow is vital for supplying water,fertilizer,and other crop essentials during sprinkler irrigation.Exploring the spatial and temporal variations of crop stemflow and its influencing factors will be essential to preventing soil water and nutrient ion's migration to deeper layers,developing,and optimizing effective sprinkler irrigation schedules.Based on the two-year experimental data,we analyzed the variation patterns(stemflow amount,depth,rate,and funneling ratio)of maize stemflow during the growing season,and clarified its vertical distribution pattern.Meanwhile,effects of sprinkler irrigation and maize morphological parameters on stemflow were investigated.The results showed that stemflow increased gradually as maize plant grew.Specifically,stemflow was small at the pre-jointing stage and reached the maximum at the late filling stage.The upper canopy generated more stemflow than the lower canopy until the flare opening stage.After the tasseling stage,the middle canopy generated more stemflow than the other positions.Variation in canopy closure at different positions was the main factor contributing to the above difference.As sprinkler intensity increased,stemflow also increased.However,the effect of droplet size on stemflow was inconsistent.Specifically,when sprinkler intensity was less than or equal to 10 mm/h,stemflow was generated with increasing droplet size.In contrast,if sprinkler intensity was greater than or equal to 20 mm/h,stemflow tended to decreased with increasing droplet size.Compared with other morphological parameters,canopy closure significantly affected the generation of stemflow.Funneling ratio was not significantly affected by plant morphology.Based on the results of different sprinkler intensities,we developed stemflow depth versus canopy closure and stemflow rate versus canopy closure power function regression models with a high predictive accuracy.The research findings will contribute to the understanding of the processes of stemflow involving the hydro-geochemical cycle of agro-ecosystems and the implementation of cropland management practices.

Optimum Density of Standings and Schemes of Tomato Plants Placement in Uzbekistan

This article reports the results of researches by definition of optimum schemes of accommodation and density standings of tomatoes in 2009-2011 in conditions of Tashkent area of Republic Uzbekistan. Experiences were spent with domestic sorts Uzbekistan and Shark Yulduzi. The following schemes of accommodation and plants of density standing were tested： 70×30 cm and 90×23 cm at density of standing of 47,619 plants/hectares; 70×35 cm and 90×27 cm, 40,816 plants/hectares; 70×40 cm and 90×31 cm, 35,774 plants/hectares. The area of one plant feeding was 0.21, 0.245 and 0.28 ms. Schemes of accommodation and the area of plant feeding within the limits of the tested parameters do not render essential effect upon speed of plant development. Some acceleration （for 1-2 days） introductions into flowering are noted only at increase in the area of plant feeding with 0.21 ms up to 0.28 m^2. It was established that granting to plants of the greater feeding area as due to increase in distance between plants in the lines, and increases in row width strengthens growth of an elevated vegetative part of plants, especially due to increase amount of lateral branches. The greatest general and commodity harvest and the largest fruits sort ＂Uzbekistan＂ forms at density of standing in 40,816 plants/hectares, at schemes 90×27 cm and 70×35 cm, and more compact sort ＂Shark Yulduzi＂ at density of standing of 47,619 plants/hectares and the scheme 90×23 cm.