With the rise of probiotics fermentation in food industry,fermented foods have attracted worldwide attention.In this study,protective effects of Rosa roxburghii&edible fungus fermentation broth(REFB)on immune func...With the rise of probiotics fermentation in food industry,fermented foods have attracted worldwide attention.In this study,protective effects of Rosa roxburghii&edible fungus fermentation broth(REFB)on immune function and gut health in Cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressed mice were investigated.Results showed that REFB could improve the immune organ index,and promote the proliferation and differentiation of splenic T lymphocytes.In addition,it attenuated intestinal mucosal damage and improved intestinal cellular immunity.REFB administration also up-regulated the expression of IL-4,INF-γ,TNF-α,T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA in small intestine.Furthermore,administration of REFB modulated gut microbiota composition and increased the relative abundance of beneficial genus,such as Bacteroides.It also increased the production of fecal short-chain fatty acids.These indicate that REFB has the potential to improve immunity,alleviate intestinal injury and regulate gut microbiota in immunosuppressed mice.展开更多
This study develops low-fat microwaved peanut snacks(LMPS)using partially defatted peanuts(PDP)with different defatting ratios,catering to people’s pursuit of healthy,low-fat cuisine.The effects of defatting treatmen...This study develops low-fat microwaved peanut snacks(LMPS)using partially defatted peanuts(PDP)with different defatting ratios,catering to people’s pursuit of healthy,low-fat cuisine.The effects of defatting treatment on the structural characteristics,texture,color,and nutrient composition of LMPS were comprehensively explored.The structural characteristics of LMPS were characterized using X-ray micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT)and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results demonstrated that the porosity,pore number,pore volume,brightness,brittleness,protein content,and total sugar content of LMPS all significantly increased(P<0.05)with the increase in the defatting ratio.At the micro level,porous structure,cell wall rupture,and loss of intracellular material could be observed in LMPS after defatting treatments.LMPS made from PDP with a defatting ratio of 64.44%had the highest internal pore structural parameters(porosity 59%,pore number 85.3×10^(5),pore volume 68.23 mm3),the brightest color(L^(*) 78.39±0.39),the best brittleness(3.64±0.21)mm^(–1)),and the best nutrition(high protein content,(34.02±0.38)%;high total sugar content,(17.45±0.59)%;low-fat content,(27.58±0.85)%).The study provides a theoretical basis for the quality improvement of LMPS.展开更多
Food allergy as a global health problem threatens food industry.Bee pollen(BP)is a typical food with allergenic potentials,although it performs various nutritional/pharmacological functions to humans.In this study,lac...Food allergy as a global health problem threatens food industry.Bee pollen(BP)is a typical food with allergenic potentials,although it performs various nutritional/pharmacological functions to humans.In this study,lactic acid bacteria(LAB)were used to ferment Brassica napus BP for alleviating its allergenicity.Four novel allergens(glutaredoxin,oleosin-B2,catalase and lipase)were identified with significant decreases in LAB-fermented BP(FBP)than natural BP by proteomics.Meanwhile,metabolomics analysis showed significant increases of 28 characteristic oligopeptides and amino acids in FBP versus BP,indicating the degradation of LAB on allergens.Moreover,FBP showed alleviatory effects in BALB/c mice,which relieved pathological symptoms and lowered production of allergic mediators.Microbial high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that FBP could regulate gut microbiota and metabolism to strengthen immunity,which were closely correlated with the alleviation of allergic reactivity.These findings could contribute to the development and utilization of hypoallergenic BP products.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a complex relapsing inflammatory disease in the gut and is driven by complicated host-gut microbiome interactions.Gut commensals have shown different functions in IBD prevention and t...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a complex relapsing inflammatory disease in the gut and is driven by complicated host-gut microbiome interactions.Gut commensals have shown different functions in IBD prevention and treatment.To gain a mechanistic understanding of how different commensals affect intestinal inflammation,we compared the protective effects of 6 probiotics(belonging to the genera Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium,Clostridium,and Enterococcus)on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice with or without gut microbiota.Anti-inflammatory properties(ratio of interleukin(IL)-10 and IL-12)of these strains were also evaluated in an in vitro mesenteric lymph nodes(MLN)co-culture system.Results showed that 4 probiotics(belonging to the species Bifidobacterium breve,Bifidobacterium bifidum,and Enterococcus faecalis)can alleviate colitis in normal mice.The probiotic strains differed in regulating the intestinal microbiota,cytokines(IL-10,IL-1βand interferon(IFN)-γ),and tight junction function(Zonulin-1 and Occludin).By constrast,Akkermansia muciniphila AH39 and Clostridium butyricum FHuNHHMY49T1 were not protective.Interestingly,B.breve JSNJJNM2 with high anti-inflammatory potential in the MLN model could relieve colitis symptoms in antibiotic cocktail(Abx)-treated mice.Meanwhile,E.faecalis FJSWX25M1induced low levels of cytokines in vitro and showed no beneficial effects.Therefore,we provided insight into the clinical application of probiotics in IBD treatment.展开更多
The sensory perception of food is a dynamic process,which is closely related to the release of flavor substances during oral processing.It’s not only affected by the food material,but also subjected to the individual...The sensory perception of food is a dynamic process,which is closely related to the release of flavor substances during oral processing.It’s not only affected by the food material,but also subjected to the individual oral environment.To explore the oral processing characteristics of soft-boiled chicken,the sensory properties,texture,particle size,viscosity,characteristic values of electronic nose and tongue of different chicken samples were investigated.The correlation analysis showed that the physical characteristics especially the cohesiveness,springiness,resilience of the sample determined oral processing behavior.The addition of chicken skin played a role in lubrication during oral processing.The particle size of the bolus was heightened at the early stage,and the fluidity was enhanced in the end,which reduced the chewing time to the swallowing point and raised the aromatic compounds signal of electronic nose.But the effect of chicken skin on chicken thigh with relatively high fat content,was opposite in electronic nose,which had a certain masking effect on the perception of umami and sweet taste.In conclusion,fat played a critical role in chicken oral processing and chicken thigh had obvious advantages in comprehensive evaluation of soft-boiled chicken,which was more popular among people.展开更多
The high intraspecies heterogeneity of Baciillus coagulans leads to significant phenotypic differences among different strains.Thus,6 B.coagulans strains were tested in the present study using an irritable bowel syndr...The high intraspecies heterogeneity of Baciillus coagulans leads to significant phenotypic differences among different strains.Thus,6 B.coagulans strains were tested in the present study using an irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)animal model to determine whether the IBS-alleviating effects of B.coagulans strains are strain-specific.The results of this study showed that the ingestion of B.coagulans GBI-30,6086,and B.coagulans CCFM1041 significantly alleviated IBS symptoms in mice.In contrast,other B.coagulans strains showed no or limited alleviating effects on IBS symptoms.According to our experimental results,the two main common features of these strains were as follows:1)The resistance of vegetative cells to bile salts,and 2)ability to synthesize specific lipids and secondary metabolites.Screening strains based on these two indicators may greatly reduce costs and provide a basis for mining new functional B.coagulans strains.Our results also suggest that administration of B.coagulans could significantly regulate microbiota dysbiosis in animal models.Moreover,the close relationships between the gut microbiota,gut microbiota metabolites,and IBS were further confirmed in this study.展开更多
Differential pulse stripping voltammetry method(DPSV) was applied to the determination of three herbicides, ametryn, cyanatryn, and dimethametryn. It was found that their voltammograms overlapped strongly, and it is...Differential pulse stripping voltammetry method(DPSV) was applied to the determination of three herbicides, ametryn, cyanatryn, and dimethametryn. It was found that their voltammograms overlapped strongly, and it is difficult to determine these compounds individually from their mixtures. With the aid of chemometrics, classical least squares(CLS), principal component regression(PCR) and partial least squares(PLS), voltammogram resolution and quantitative analysis of the synthetic mixtures of the three compounds were successfully performed. The proposed method was also applied to the analysis of some real samples with satisfactory results.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to optimize the appropriate solid state fermentation(SSF)conditions.[Method] The optimization of solid state fermentation using a mixture substrate of bean curd residue and the marc with Bacill...[Objective] The aim was to optimize the appropriate solid state fermentation(SSF)conditions.[Method] The optimization of solid state fermentation using a mixture substrate of bean curd residue and the marc with Bacillus natto was developed.[Result] The best fermentation condition optimized by the test of single factor and the orthogonal design respectively was mixing ratio of bean curd residue to marc 2∶1,substrate pH value 6,fermentation temperature 39 ℃,inoculum volume 10% and fermentation time 48 h.Under this optimized fermentation condition,the content of crude fiber in the substrate decreased from 107.8 mg/g before SSF to 56.2 mg/g after SSF,and the degeneration rate of crude fiber was 47.87%.[Conclusion] The bean curd residue in its palatability was enormously improved by SSF with Bacillus natto strain,which could be expected to be widely used as raw material of health foodstuff.展开更多
Carbohydrates,which are mostly present in sugar,starch,and fiber,are one of the main ingredients of food and the primary source of energy in the human diet.Among these three main sources,starch stands out as one of th...Carbohydrates,which are mostly present in sugar,starch,and fiber,are one of the main ingredients of food and the primary source of energy in the human diet.Among these three main sources,starch stands out as one of the most abundant reserves of carbohydrates.Investigating starch would not only enhance our understanding of the functionality of starch in the human body but also aid in the design of novel starch-based dietary foods.The present review first provides a state-of-the-art understanding of the various classifications of dietary starches,including rapidly digesting starch(RDS),slowly digesting starch(SDS),and resistant starch(RS).Moreover,both the in vivo and in vitro determination methods of the digestibility of starch-based dietary foods are discussed.Based on the current understanding,present research strategies to design novel starch-based dietary foods through either the direct addition of modified starch or the alteration of processing conditions are highlighted.Furthermore,certain perspectives related to the future research directions of starch-based foods are also included.展开更多
Benzoic acid (BA), methylparaben (MP), propylparaben (PP) and sorbic acid (SA) are food preservatives, and they have well defined UV spectra. However, their spectra overlap seriously, and it is difficult to de...Benzoic acid (BA), methylparaben (MP), propylparaben (PP) and sorbic acid (SA) are food preservatives, and they have well defined UV spectra. However, their spectra overlap seriously, and it is difficult to determine them individually from their mixtures without preseparation. In this paper, seven different chemometric approaches were applied to resolve the overlapping spectra and to determine these compounds simultaneously. With respect to the criteria of % relative prediction error (RPE) and % recovery, principal component regression (PCR) and radial basis function-artificial neural network (RBF-ANN) were the preferred methods. These two methods were successfully applied to the analysis of some commercial samples.展开更多
Hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy)causes oxidative stress, induces apoptosis, and leads to damage to the vascular endothelium is the starting point of atherosclerosis. Pterostilbene(Pte)has been reported to have antioxidant a...Hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy)causes oxidative stress, induces apoptosis, and leads to damage to the vascular endothelium is the starting point of atherosclerosis. Pterostilbene(Pte)has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects under various pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to explore whether Pte can inhibit the oxidative stress and apoptosis of vascular endothelium induced by homocysteine(Hcy)and to explain the possible mechanism by which it occurs. The results showed that 20 μmol/L Pte significantly reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and lipids in cells induced by Hcy and promoted the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The Hoechst 33342/PI staining assay showed that Pte antagonized Hcy-induced apoptosis. Pte inhibited Hcy-induced Akt dephosphorylation, increased p53, and decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caspase-9/caspase-3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. LY294002 pretreatment partially reversed the protective effect of Pte by blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, Pte reduced lipid deposition in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs). This study proposes that Pte can inhibit Hcy-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of HUVECs, and the PI3K/Akt/p53 signaling pathway of apoptosis was revealed. These results suggest that Pte exhibits significant potential for dealing with HHcy-induced vascular endothelial injury, such as atherosclerosis.展开更多
Silkworm pupa is a nourishing food with high nutritional value,but its consumption has been greatly limited given its allergenicity.Enzyme hydrolytic technique is recognized as an effective method to reduce the allerg...Silkworm pupa is a nourishing food with high nutritional value,but its consumption has been greatly limited given its allergenicity.Enzyme hydrolytic technique is recognized as an effective method to reduce the allergenicity of protein.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of enzymolysis on the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.Crude silkworm pupa protein was extracted through alkali extraction and acid precipitation,which included 5 proteins with the molecular weights ranging from 34 kDa to 76 kDa,and silkworm pupa were then hydrolyzed by alkaline protease.The allergenicity of silkworm pupa protein and its enzymatic hydrolysates was evaluated by establishing BALB/c mice model,and the mice were immunized via intragastric gavage and intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The results indicated that the intraperitoneal inj ection immunization route induced more by detecting with antibodies,histamine and Th2-related cytokines.Moreover,mice treated with silkworm pupa protein peptide displayed no obvious allergic symptoms,indicating that enzyme hydrolytic technique could significantly reduce the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.展开更多
In this study,the antitumor properties and the possible molecular mechanisms of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide(CP)and its phosphorylated derivative(P-CP)on CT-26 mouse colon carcinoma cells were investigated.Resul...In this study,the antitumor properties and the possible molecular mechanisms of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide(CP)and its phosphorylated derivative(P-CP)on CT-26 mouse colon carcinoma cells were investigated.Results found that CP had high inhibition ratio against CT-26 cells.The flow cytometry results found that CP treatment could cause the intracellular acidification,arrest the cell cycle in the S phase and increase reactive oxygen species generation.Additionally,CP treatment triggered mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and Ca^(2+)overloading,and broke down the balance of antioxidant system,Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase and Ca^(2+)-ATPase.Further analysis found CP induced cell apoptosis through improving the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9,and increasing the level of cytochrome C.Furthermore,the comparative study of antitumor effect on CT-26 cells displayed that the phosphorylation enhanced antitumor activities of polysaccharides.These results suggest CP is a potential natural therapeutic agent for colon cancer and phosphorylation represents an effective method of enhancing the antitumor activity of CP.展开更多
Milk allergy is a common allergic reaction found in infants and young children,most of them appear tolerance after growing up.In this study,infant formula was digested by simulated in vitro digestion method.The potent...Milk allergy is a common allergic reaction found in infants and young children,most of them appear tolerance after growing up.In this study,infant formula was digested by simulated in vitro digestion method.The potential non-allergenic peptides were further screened from undigested products by exclusion of the known epitopes fromβ-lactoglobulin(BLG)andα-lactalbumin(ALA).These potential non-allergenic peptides were synthesized and their transferability were determined by Caco-2 cell monolayer model.Finally,the potential allergenicity were evaluated by KU812 cell degranulation model.The results showed that 7 peptides were screened as non-allergenic sequences,among which were 3 from ALA and 4 from BLG.The Caco-2 cell model showed that all the synthetic peptides were absorbed and transported well.However,only peptide BLG_(107-118)showed potential allegencity by KU812 model.In conclusion,6 peptides,including ALA_(29-51),ALA_(80-90),ALA_(94-103),BLG_(1-20),BLG_(24-50),and BLG_(123-139)were evaluated as hypoallergenic peptides,which could be used for candidates of peptides inducing immune tolerance for persons with milk allergy.展开更多
Bovineα-lactalbumin(BLA)induced severe cow's milk allergy.In this study,a novel strategy combining ultrasonication,performed before glycation,and phosphorylation was proposed to reduce BLA allergenicity.Result sh...Bovineα-lactalbumin(BLA)induced severe cow's milk allergy.In this study,a novel strategy combining ultrasonication,performed before glycation,and phosphorylation was proposed to reduce BLA allergenicity.Result showed that IgE-and IgG-binding capacities and the release rates of histamine and interleukin-6 from RBL-2 H3 were reduced.Moreover,intrinsic fluorescence intensity and surface hydrophobicity were decreased,whereas glycated sites(R10,N44,K79,K108,N102 and K114)and phosphorylated sites(Y36 and S112)of BLA were increased.Minimum allergenicity was detected during BLA treatment after ultrasonic prior to glycation and subsequent phosphorylation because of considerable increase in glycated and phosphorylated sites.Therefore,the decrease in allergenicity of BLA,the effect correlated well with the shielding effect of glycated sites combined with phosphorylated sites and the conformational changes.This study provides important theoretical foundations for improving and using the ultrasonic technology combined with protein modification in allergenic protein processing.展开更多
As an irreplaceable dietary constituent,lipids play a vital important role in health,but their effects on aging process and longevity are still not well known yet.In this paper,the metabolic profiling and gene express...As an irreplaceable dietary constituent,lipids play a vital important role in health,but their effects on aging process and longevity are still not well known yet.In this paper,the metabolic profiling and gene expression levels of Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated to explore the effects of different edible oils on senescence and lifespan.The results showed that teaseed oil(TO)could prolong the life expectancy and slow down the aging process of C.elegans.Compared to the control group,the intake of lard oil(LO)and TO increased the expression levels of genes related to inhibition of protein aggregation(akt-1,daf-16,hsf-1,hsp-16.2)and lipid metabolism(daf-7,daf-1,mdt-15,lipl-4,fat-5,fat-6,fat-7),with a more significant alteration in TO group.Metabolomics revealed that palm oil can upregulated plenty of fatty acids(palmitic acid,stearic acid,tetracosanoic acid),together with some amino acids(tryptophan,L-aspartate,L-valine)and carbohydrate(D-glucose),while the trend was opposite in TO group.Besides,moderate-to-strong correlations were found between differential metabolites and changed genes.In general,this paper claimed that TO could prolong lifespan and slow down aging process via regulating the lipids,amino acids and carbohydrates metabolism.展开更多
This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on glucose homeostasis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).The meta-analysis was performed in ...This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on glucose homeostasis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).The meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook guidelines and relevant the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA)statement criteria.Of 825 identified reports,11 randomized clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis.An analysis of pooled extracted data revealed that supplementation with probiotics significantly decreased fasting blood glucose(FBG,n=7;standardized mean difference(SMD)=−0.40;95%confidence interval(CI):−2.02,−0.02;P=0.04)and insulin levels(n=6;SMD=−0.57;95%CI:−0.89,−0.25;P=0.0004)and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(n=7;SMD=−0.64;95%CI:−0.96,−0.31;P=0.0001)while increasing the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index(QUICKI,n=5;SMD=0.58;95%CI:0.08,1.09;P=0.02)in patients with PCOS.The FBG-reducing effect decreased as the baseline body mass index(BMI)and mean age of the participants increased.Indeed,a greater number of bacterial species and a higher bacterial dose were shown to reduce QUICKI effectively.The systematic review indicated that probiotic supplementation may help to control glucose homeostasis in adults with polycystic ovarian syndrome.展开更多
Emerging evidence shows that some Lactobacillus fermentum(L.fermentum)strains can contribute to the prevention and treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).In this study,105 isolates of L.fermentum strains were separated f...Emerging evidence shows that some Lactobacillus fermentum(L.fermentum)strains can contribute to the prevention and treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).In this study,105 isolates of L.fermentum strains were separated from fecal samples of populations in different regions in China and their draft genomes were sequenced.Pan-genomic and phylogenetic characterizations of these strains and four model strains(L.fermentum 3872,CECT5716,IF03956,and VRI003)were performed.Phylogenetic analysis ind icated that there was no significant adaptive evolution between the genomes of L.fermentum strains and the geographical location,sex,ethnicity,and age of the hosts.Three L.fermentum strains(FWXBH115,FGDLZR121,and FXJCJ61)from different branches of the phylogenetic tree and strain type L.fermentum CECT5716 were selected and their anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory activities in a dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis mouse model were further investigated.Both L.fermentum FXJCJ61 and CECT5716 significantly alleviated UC by reducing all colitis-associated histological indices,maintaining mucosal integrity,and stimulating replenishment of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),while the other two strains failed to offer similar protection.The anti-inflammato ry mechanisms of L.fermentum FXJCJ61 and CECT5716 were related to the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling pathway activation and enhancement of interleukin 10(IL-10)production.Comparative genomic analysis of these strains identified candidate genes that may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of specific L.fermentum strains.展开更多
Most scientific investigations regarding inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)pathogenesis or therapeutic strategies use dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced models performed on mice.However,differences between human and ani...Most scientific investigations regarding inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)pathogenesis or therapeutic strategies use dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced models performed on mice.However,differences between human and animal microbiota may confound the data reproducibility from rodent experiments to clinical trials.In this study,the intervention effects of Bifidobacterium longum NSP001 on DSS-induced colitis were investigated using mice colonized with either native or humanised microbiota.Disorders in disease activity index(DAI),morphology and histology of colon tissue,intestinal permeability,and secretion of MPO,TNF-αand IL-6 were ameliorated by daily intake of live B.longum NSP001 cells in both conventional and humanised colitis mice.But the abnormal thymus index,and colonic production of ZO-1 and iNOS were improved only in colitis mice treated with B.longum NSP001 and humanised microbiome.The accumulation of acetic acid and propionic acid in colon microbiome,and the optimization of primary bile acid biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways in cecum commensals were likely to explain the beneficial effects of B.longum NSP001.These data revealed that intestinal microbiome baseline would possibly affect the manifestation features of interventions by probiotics or dietary components and highlighted the necessity to include humanised microbiome while investigating potential therapeutic strategies based on rodent models.展开更多
In this study,chondroitin sulfate was extracted from Oreochromis niloticus bones(OCS)and isolated to three fractions(OCS-1,OCS-2,and OCS-3).The physicochemical properties and structure characterization including monos...In this study,chondroitin sulfate was extracted from Oreochromis niloticus bones(OCS)and isolated to three fractions(OCS-1,OCS-2,and OCS-3).The physicochemical properties and structure characterization including monosaccharide,disaccharide compositions,molecular weight(Mw)of OCS were determined by HPAEC,HPLC-SAX,HPGPC,FT-IR spectra,and 1D/2D NMR.Moreover,their thermal properties,crystalline structure,and microstructure were also analyzed.Results showed that their Mw were between 10 kDa and 50 kDa.CS-6 was the predominant disaccharide unit in four OCS,and the CS-4/CS-6 ratios were close to CS from shark cartilage.Besides,the results of antioxidant activity showed that different fractions of OCS had a distinct DPPH radical,hydroxyl radical,and ABTS+radical scavenging activity.OCS-1 has the highest scavenging activities in DPPH and hydroxyl radical compared with other fractions,which showed a higher medicinal value.Those findings may lay some theoretical basis for the potential application development of OCS.展开更多
基金The financial supports from the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130082)Jiangxi High Level Talent Cultivation Project(20204BCJ24006)+1 种基金Project of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology(SKLF-ZZA-201911)Central Government Guide Local Special Fund Project for Scientific and Technological Development of Jiangxi Province(20212ZDD02008)。
文摘With the rise of probiotics fermentation in food industry,fermented foods have attracted worldwide attention.In this study,protective effects of Rosa roxburghii&edible fungus fermentation broth(REFB)on immune function and gut health in Cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressed mice were investigated.Results showed that REFB could improve the immune organ index,and promote the proliferation and differentiation of splenic T lymphocytes.In addition,it attenuated intestinal mucosal damage and improved intestinal cellular immunity.REFB administration also up-regulated the expression of IL-4,INF-γ,TNF-α,T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA in small intestine.Furthermore,administration of REFB modulated gut microbiota composition and increased the relative abundance of beneficial genus,such as Bacteroides.It also increased the production of fecal short-chain fatty acids.These indicate that REFB has the potential to improve immunity,alleviate intestinal injury and regulate gut microbiota in immunosuppressed mice.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,U21A20270)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2023TZXD074)+2 种基金the Bingtuan Science and Technology Program,China(2023AB002)the National Peanut Industry Technology System of China(CARS-13-08B)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100402)。
文摘This study develops low-fat microwaved peanut snacks(LMPS)using partially defatted peanuts(PDP)with different defatting ratios,catering to people’s pursuit of healthy,low-fat cuisine.The effects of defatting treatment on the structural characteristics,texture,color,and nutrient composition of LMPS were comprehensively explored.The structural characteristics of LMPS were characterized using X-ray micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT)and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results demonstrated that the porosity,pore number,pore volume,brightness,brittleness,protein content,and total sugar content of LMPS all significantly increased(P<0.05)with the increase in the defatting ratio.At the micro level,porous structure,cell wall rupture,and loss of intracellular material could be observed in LMPS after defatting treatments.LMPS made from PDP with a defatting ratio of 64.44%had the highest internal pore structural parameters(porosity 59%,pore number 85.3×10^(5),pore volume 68.23 mm3),the brightest color(L^(*) 78.39±0.39),the best brittleness(3.64±0.21)mm^(–1)),and the best nutrition(high protein content,(34.02±0.38)%;high total sugar content,(17.45±0.59)%;low-fat content,(27.58±0.85)%).The study provides a theoretical basis for the quality improvement of LMPS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102605)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program under Grant(CAAS-ASTIP-2020-IAR)。
文摘Food allergy as a global health problem threatens food industry.Bee pollen(BP)is a typical food with allergenic potentials,although it performs various nutritional/pharmacological functions to humans.In this study,lactic acid bacteria(LAB)were used to ferment Brassica napus BP for alleviating its allergenicity.Four novel allergens(glutaredoxin,oleosin-B2,catalase and lipase)were identified with significant decreases in LAB-fermented BP(FBP)than natural BP by proteomics.Meanwhile,metabolomics analysis showed significant increases of 28 characteristic oligopeptides and amino acids in FBP versus BP,indicating the degradation of LAB on allergens.Moreover,FBP showed alleviatory effects in BALB/c mice,which relieved pathological symptoms and lowered production of allergic mediators.Microbial high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that FBP could regulate gut microbiota and metabolism to strengthen immunity,which were closely correlated with the alleviation of allergic reactivity.These findings could contribute to the development and utilization of hypoallergenic BP products.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20200084)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1903205 and 31972971)Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province。
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a complex relapsing inflammatory disease in the gut and is driven by complicated host-gut microbiome interactions.Gut commensals have shown different functions in IBD prevention and treatment.To gain a mechanistic understanding of how different commensals affect intestinal inflammation,we compared the protective effects of 6 probiotics(belonging to the genera Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium,Clostridium,and Enterococcus)on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice with or without gut microbiota.Anti-inflammatory properties(ratio of interleukin(IL)-10 and IL-12)of these strains were also evaluated in an in vitro mesenteric lymph nodes(MLN)co-culture system.Results showed that 4 probiotics(belonging to the species Bifidobacterium breve,Bifidobacterium bifidum,and Enterococcus faecalis)can alleviate colitis in normal mice.The probiotic strains differed in regulating the intestinal microbiota,cytokines(IL-10,IL-1βand interferon(IFN)-γ),and tight junction function(Zonulin-1 and Occludin).By constrast,Akkermansia muciniphila AH39 and Clostridium butyricum FHuNHHMY49T1 were not protective.Interestingly,B.breve JSNJJNM2 with high anti-inflammatory potential in the MLN model could relieve colitis symptoms in antibiotic cocktail(Abx)-treated mice.Meanwhile,E.faecalis FJSWX25M1induced low levels of cytokines in vitro and showed no beneficial effects.Therefore,we provided insight into the clinical application of probiotics in IBD treatment.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-41)Wens Fifth Five R&D Major Project(WENS-2020-1-ZDZX-007)。
文摘The sensory perception of food is a dynamic process,which is closely related to the release of flavor substances during oral processing.It’s not only affected by the food material,but also subjected to the individual oral environment.To explore the oral processing characteristics of soft-boiled chicken,the sensory properties,texture,particle size,viscosity,characteristic values of electronic nose and tongue of different chicken samples were investigated.The correlation analysis showed that the physical characteristics especially the cohesiveness,springiness,resilience of the sample determined oral processing behavior.The addition of chicken skin played a role in lubrication during oral processing.The particle size of the bolus was heightened at the early stage,and the fluidity was enhanced in the end,which reduced the chewing time to the swallowing point and raised the aromatic compounds signal of electronic nose.But the effect of chicken skin on chicken thigh with relatively high fat content,was opposite in electronic nose,which had a certain masking effect on the perception of umami and sweet taste.In conclusion,fat played a critical role in chicken oral processing and chicken thigh had obvious advantages in comprehensive evaluation of soft-boiled chicken,which was more popular among people.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200084)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871773 and 31820103010)+1 种基金the Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province and Key Talents Project of“Strengthening Health through Science and Education”of Wuxi Health and Family Planning Commission(ZDRC039)Top Talents Project of“Six-one Project”for High-level Health Talents in Jiangsu Province(LGY2018016)。
文摘The high intraspecies heterogeneity of Baciillus coagulans leads to significant phenotypic differences among different strains.Thus,6 B.coagulans strains were tested in the present study using an irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)animal model to determine whether the IBS-alleviating effects of B.coagulans strains are strain-specific.The results of this study showed that the ingestion of B.coagulans GBI-30,6086,and B.coagulans CCFM1041 significantly alleviated IBS symptoms in mice.In contrast,other B.coagulans strains showed no or limited alleviating effects on IBS symptoms.According to our experimental results,the two main common features of these strains were as follows:1)The resistance of vegetative cells to bile salts,and 2)ability to synthesize specific lipids and secondary metabolites.Screening strains based on these two indicators may greatly reduce costs and provide a basis for mining new functional B.coagulans strains.Our results also suggest that administration of B.coagulans could significantly regulate microbiota dysbiosis in animal models.Moreover,the close relationships between the gut microbiota,gut microbiota metabolites,and IBS were further confirmed in this study.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 20562009)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, China(No. 0620041)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of the Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Chi-na(No. 2005-22)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities of China(No. IRT0540).
文摘Differential pulse stripping voltammetry method(DPSV) was applied to the determination of three herbicides, ametryn, cyanatryn, and dimethametryn. It was found that their voltammograms overlapped strongly, and it is difficult to determine these compounds individually from their mixtures. With the aid of chemometrics, classical least squares(CLS), principal component regression(PCR) and partial least squares(PLS), voltammogram resolution and quantitative analysis of the synthetic mixtures of the three compounds were successfully performed. The proposed method was also applied to the analysis of some real samples with satisfactory results.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to optimize the appropriate solid state fermentation(SSF)conditions.[Method] The optimization of solid state fermentation using a mixture substrate of bean curd residue and the marc with Bacillus natto was developed.[Result] The best fermentation condition optimized by the test of single factor and the orthogonal design respectively was mixing ratio of bean curd residue to marc 2∶1,substrate pH value 6,fermentation temperature 39 ℃,inoculum volume 10% and fermentation time 48 h.Under this optimized fermentation condition,the content of crude fiber in the substrate decreased from 107.8 mg/g before SSF to 56.2 mg/g after SSF,and the degeneration rate of crude fiber was 47.87%.[Conclusion] The bean curd residue in its palatability was enormously improved by SSF with Bacillus natto strain,which could be expected to be widely used as raw material of health foodstuff.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701644 and 32072268)the Science&Technology Pillar Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2018304)the National First-Class Discipline Program of Food Science and Technology(JUFSTR20180203).
文摘Carbohydrates,which are mostly present in sugar,starch,and fiber,are one of the main ingredients of food and the primary source of energy in the human diet.Among these three main sources,starch stands out as one of the most abundant reserves of carbohydrates.Investigating starch would not only enhance our understanding of the functionality of starch in the human body but also aid in the design of novel starch-based dietary foods.The present review first provides a state-of-the-art understanding of the various classifications of dietary starches,including rapidly digesting starch(RDS),slowly digesting starch(SDS),and resistant starch(RS).Moreover,both the in vivo and in vitro determination methods of the digestibility of starch-based dietary foods are discussed.Based on the current understanding,present research strategies to design novel starch-based dietary foods through either the direct addition of modified starch or the alteration of processing conditions are highlighted.Furthermore,certain perspectives related to the future research directions of starch-based foods are also included.
基金the financial support of this study by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20562009)the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Nanchang University(No.SKLF-TS-200819 and -MB-200807)+1 种基金the Jiangxi Province Natural Science Foundation(No.JXNSF0620041)the program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities(No.IRT0540).
文摘Benzoic acid (BA), methylparaben (MP), propylparaben (PP) and sorbic acid (SA) are food preservatives, and they have well defined UV spectra. However, their spectra overlap seriously, and it is difficult to determine them individually from their mixtures without preseparation. In this paper, seven different chemometric approaches were applied to resolve the overlapping spectra and to determine these compounds simultaneously. With respect to the criteria of % relative prediction error (RPE) and % recovery, principal component regression (PCR) and radial basis function-artificial neural network (RBF-ANN) were the preferred methods. These two methods were successfully applied to the analysis of some commercial samples.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Lanmei Technology Co.,Ltd.,National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20273)“China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-29)”the First Batch of Liaoning “Unveiling Leader” Scientific and Technological Projects (2021JH1/10400036)。
文摘Hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy)causes oxidative stress, induces apoptosis, and leads to damage to the vascular endothelium is the starting point of atherosclerosis. Pterostilbene(Pte)has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects under various pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to explore whether Pte can inhibit the oxidative stress and apoptosis of vascular endothelium induced by homocysteine(Hcy)and to explain the possible mechanism by which it occurs. The results showed that 20 μmol/L Pte significantly reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and lipids in cells induced by Hcy and promoted the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The Hoechst 33342/PI staining assay showed that Pte antagonized Hcy-induced apoptosis. Pte inhibited Hcy-induced Akt dephosphorylation, increased p53, and decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caspase-9/caspase-3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. LY294002 pretreatment partially reversed the protective effect of Pte by blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, Pte reduced lipid deposition in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs). This study proposes that Pte can inhibit Hcy-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of HUVECs, and the PI3K/Akt/p53 signaling pathway of apoptosis was revealed. These results suggest that Pte exhibits significant potential for dealing with HHcy-induced vascular endothelial injury, such as atherosclerosis.
基金supported by Special Project on the Integration of Industry,Education and Research of Guangdong Provine(2013B090600060)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1604205)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760431)。
文摘Silkworm pupa is a nourishing food with high nutritional value,but its consumption has been greatly limited given its allergenicity.Enzyme hydrolytic technique is recognized as an effective method to reduce the allergenicity of protein.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of enzymolysis on the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.Crude silkworm pupa protein was extracted through alkali extraction and acid precipitation,which included 5 proteins with the molecular weights ranging from 34 kDa to 76 kDa,and silkworm pupa were then hydrolyzed by alkaline protease.The allergenicity of silkworm pupa protein and its enzymatic hydrolysates was evaluated by establishing BALB/c mice model,and the mice were immunized via intragastric gavage and intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The results indicated that the intraperitoneal inj ection immunization route induced more by detecting with antibodies,histamine and Th2-related cytokines.Moreover,mice treated with silkworm pupa protein peptide displayed no obvious allergic symptoms,indicating that enzyme hydrolytic technique could significantly reduce the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82060594)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi province,China (20202BAB205006)The National Youth Talent Support Program of China。
文摘In this study,the antitumor properties and the possible molecular mechanisms of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide(CP)and its phosphorylated derivative(P-CP)on CT-26 mouse colon carcinoma cells were investigated.Results found that CP had high inhibition ratio against CT-26 cells.The flow cytometry results found that CP treatment could cause the intracellular acidification,arrest the cell cycle in the S phase and increase reactive oxygen species generation.Additionally,CP treatment triggered mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and Ca^(2+)overloading,and broke down the balance of antioxidant system,Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase and Ca^(2+)-ATPase.Further analysis found CP induced cell apoptosis through improving the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9,and increasing the level of cytochrome C.Furthermore,the comparative study of antitumor effect on CT-26 cells displayed that the phosphorylation enhanced antitumor activities of polysaccharides.These results suggest CP is a potential natural therapeutic agent for colon cancer and phosphorylation represents an effective method of enhancing the antitumor activity of CP.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1604205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760431)State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,Nanchang University(SKLF-ZZA-201912)。
文摘Milk allergy is a common allergic reaction found in infants and young children,most of them appear tolerance after growing up.In this study,infant formula was digested by simulated in vitro digestion method.The potential non-allergenic peptides were further screened from undigested products by exclusion of the known epitopes fromβ-lactoglobulin(BLG)andα-lactalbumin(ALA).These potential non-allergenic peptides were synthesized and their transferability were determined by Caco-2 cell monolayer model.Finally,the potential allergenicity were evaluated by KU812 cell degranulation model.The results showed that 7 peptides were screened as non-allergenic sequences,among which were 3 from ALA and 4 from BLG.The Caco-2 cell model showed that all the synthetic peptides were absorbed and transported well.However,only peptide BLG_(107-118)showed potential allegencity by KU812 model.In conclusion,6 peptides,including ALA_(29-51),ALA_(80-90),ALA_(94-103),BLG_(1-20),BLG_(24-50),and BLG_(123-139)were evaluated as hypoallergenic peptides,which could be used for candidates of peptides inducing immune tolerance for persons with milk allergy.
基金supported by Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Jiangxi Province(20202BABL215027)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960457)。
文摘Bovineα-lactalbumin(BLA)induced severe cow's milk allergy.In this study,a novel strategy combining ultrasonication,performed before glycation,and phosphorylation was proposed to reduce BLA allergenicity.Result showed that IgE-and IgG-binding capacities and the release rates of histamine and interleukin-6 from RBL-2 H3 were reduced.Moreover,intrinsic fluorescence intensity and surface hydrophobicity were decreased,whereas glycated sites(R10,N44,K79,K108,N102 and K114)and phosphorylated sites(Y36 and S112)of BLA were increased.Minimum allergenicity was detected during BLA treatment after ultrasonic prior to glycation and subsequent phosphorylation because of considerable increase in glycated and phosphorylated sites.Therefore,the decrease in allergenicity of BLA,the effect correlated well with the shielding effect of glycated sites combined with phosphorylated sites and the conformational changes.This study provides important theoretical foundations for improving and using the ultrasonic technology combined with protein modification in allergenic protein processing.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1606205)Natural Science Foundation of China(32172136)Jiangsu distinguished professor project and Talent plan of Taihu Lake.
文摘As an irreplaceable dietary constituent,lipids play a vital important role in health,but their effects on aging process and longevity are still not well known yet.In this paper,the metabolic profiling and gene expression levels of Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated to explore the effects of different edible oils on senescence and lifespan.The results showed that teaseed oil(TO)could prolong the life expectancy and slow down the aging process of C.elegans.Compared to the control group,the intake of lard oil(LO)and TO increased the expression levels of genes related to inhibition of protein aggregation(akt-1,daf-16,hsf-1,hsp-16.2)and lipid metabolism(daf-7,daf-1,mdt-15,lipl-4,fat-5,fat-6,fat-7),with a more significant alteration in TO group.Metabolomics revealed that palm oil can upregulated plenty of fatty acids(palmitic acid,stearic acid,tetracosanoic acid),together with some amino acids(tryptophan,L-aspartate,L-valine)and carbohydrate(D-glucose),while the trend was opposite in TO group.Besides,moderate-to-strong correlations were found between differential metabolites and changed genes.In general,this paper claimed that TO could prolong lifespan and slow down aging process via regulating the lipids,amino acids and carbohydrates metabolism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Program(31871773 and 32001665)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200084)+3 种基金National First-Class Discipline Program of Food Science and Technology(JUFSTR20180102)Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Provincethe Wuxi Health and Family Planning Commission(ZDRC039)High-level Health Talents in Jiangsu Province(LGY2018016).
文摘This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on glucose homeostasis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).The meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook guidelines and relevant the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA)statement criteria.Of 825 identified reports,11 randomized clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis.An analysis of pooled extracted data revealed that supplementation with probiotics significantly decreased fasting blood glucose(FBG,n=7;standardized mean difference(SMD)=−0.40;95%confidence interval(CI):−2.02,−0.02;P=0.04)and insulin levels(n=6;SMD=−0.57;95%CI:−0.89,−0.25;P=0.0004)and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(n=7;SMD=−0.64;95%CI:−0.96,−0.31;P=0.0001)while increasing the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index(QUICKI,n=5;SMD=0.58;95%CI:0.08,1.09;P=0.02)in patients with PCOS.The FBG-reducing effect decreased as the baseline body mass index(BMI)and mean age of the participants increased.Indeed,a greater number of bacterial species and a higher bacterial dose were shown to reduce QUICKI effectively.The systematic review indicated that probiotic supplementation may help to control glucose homeostasis in adults with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31820103010,31530056,and 31871773)National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFC1604206)+3 种基金Projects of Innovation and Development Pillar Program for Key Industries in Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2018DB002)National FirstClass Discipline Program of Food Science and Technology(JUFSTR20180102)BBSRC Newton Fund Joint Centre Award(BB/J004529/1)Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province。
文摘Emerging evidence shows that some Lactobacillus fermentum(L.fermentum)strains can contribute to the prevention and treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).In this study,105 isolates of L.fermentum strains were separated from fecal samples of populations in different regions in China and their draft genomes were sequenced.Pan-genomic and phylogenetic characterizations of these strains and four model strains(L.fermentum 3872,CECT5716,IF03956,and VRI003)were performed.Phylogenetic analysis ind icated that there was no significant adaptive evolution between the genomes of L.fermentum strains and the geographical location,sex,ethnicity,and age of the hosts.Three L.fermentum strains(FWXBH115,FGDLZR121,and FXJCJ61)from different branches of the phylogenetic tree and strain type L.fermentum CECT5716 were selected and their anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory activities in a dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis mouse model were further investigated.Both L.fermentum FXJCJ61 and CECT5716 significantly alleviated UC by reducing all colitis-associated histological indices,maintaining mucosal integrity,and stimulating replenishment of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),while the other two strains failed to offer similar protection.The anti-inflammato ry mechanisms of L.fermentum FXJCJ61 and CECT5716 were related to the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling pathway activation and enhancement of interleukin 10(IL-10)production.Comparative genomic analysis of these strains identified candidate genes that may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of specific L.fermentum strains.
基金The financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(31825020)the Special and General Fund of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019TQ0138 and 2019M662281)the Postdoctoral Financial Support from Human Resources and Social Security Department of Jiangxi Province(2019RC13 and 2020KY23)。
文摘Most scientific investigations regarding inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)pathogenesis or therapeutic strategies use dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced models performed on mice.However,differences between human and animal microbiota may confound the data reproducibility from rodent experiments to clinical trials.In this study,the intervention effects of Bifidobacterium longum NSP001 on DSS-induced colitis were investigated using mice colonized with either native or humanised microbiota.Disorders in disease activity index(DAI),morphology and histology of colon tissue,intestinal permeability,and secretion of MPO,TNF-αand IL-6 were ameliorated by daily intake of live B.longum NSP001 cells in both conventional and humanised colitis mice.But the abnormal thymus index,and colonic production of ZO-1 and iNOS were improved only in colitis mice treated with B.longum NSP001 and humanised microbiome.The accumulation of acetic acid and propionic acid in colon microbiome,and the optimization of primary bile acid biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways in cecum commensals were likely to explain the beneficial effects of B.longum NSP001.These data revealed that intestinal microbiome baseline would possibly affect the manifestation features of interventions by probiotics or dietary components and highlighted the necessity to include humanised microbiome while investigating potential therapeutic strategies based on rodent models.
基金The financially supported by the Program of The National Youth Talent Support Program of China.
文摘In this study,chondroitin sulfate was extracted from Oreochromis niloticus bones(OCS)and isolated to three fractions(OCS-1,OCS-2,and OCS-3).The physicochemical properties and structure characterization including monosaccharide,disaccharide compositions,molecular weight(Mw)of OCS were determined by HPAEC,HPLC-SAX,HPGPC,FT-IR spectra,and 1D/2D NMR.Moreover,their thermal properties,crystalline structure,and microstructure were also analyzed.Results showed that their Mw were between 10 kDa and 50 kDa.CS-6 was the predominant disaccharide unit in four OCS,and the CS-4/CS-6 ratios were close to CS from shark cartilage.Besides,the results of antioxidant activity showed that different fractions of OCS had a distinct DPPH radical,hydroxyl radical,and ABTS+radical scavenging activity.OCS-1 has the highest scavenging activities in DPPH and hydroxyl radical compared with other fractions,which showed a higher medicinal value.Those findings may lay some theoretical basis for the potential application development of OCS.