Parasitic plants and their hosts communicate through haustorial connections.Nutrient deficiency is a common stress for plants,yet little is known about whether and how host plants and parasites communicate during adap...Parasitic plants and their hosts communicate through haustorial connections.Nutrient deficiency is a common stress for plants,yet little is known about whether and how host plants and parasites communicate during adaptation to such nutrient stresses.In this study,we used transcriptomics and proteomics to analyze how soybean(Glycine max)and its parasitizing dodder(Cuscuta australis)respond to nitrate and phosphate deficiency(-N and-P).After-N and-P treatment,the soybean and dodder plants exhibited substantial changes of transcriptome and proteome,although soybean plants showed very few transcriptional responses to-P and dodder did not show any transcriptional changes to either-N or-P.Importantly,large-scale interplant transport of mRNAs and proteins was detected.Although the mobile mRNAs only comprised at most 0.2%of the transcriptomes,the foreign mobile proteins could reach 6.8%of the total proteins,suggesting that proteins may be the major forms of interplant communications.Furthermore,the interplant mobility of macromolecules was specifically affected by the nutrient regimes and the transport of these macromolecules was very likely independently regulated.This study provides new insight into the communication between host plants and parasites under stress conditions.展开更多
Dear Editor,Brown adipose tissue(BAT)acts as a site of non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals including adult humans(Ned-ergaard and Cannon,2010).Prolonged cold exposure can induce the acquisition of thermogenic funct...Dear Editor,Brown adipose tissue(BAT)acts as a site of non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals including adult humans(Ned-ergaard and Cannon,2010).Prolonged cold exposure can induce the acquisition of thermogenic function in white adipose tissue(WAT)with the cells that have undergone the"browning"process being referred to as beige cells(Wu et al.,2013).Both mainly use mitochondrial p-oxidation of fatty arid(FA)from lipid drnplotc(I He)in maintaining hnHy temperature.The efficiency of hydrophobic FA transport between two organelles in aqueous cytoplasm has been challenged.Understanding the mechanism underlying the interaction between these two organelles is essential for animal physiology as well as for the development of therapies to treat metabolic diseases(Benador et al.,2018).展开更多
Zn^(2+)is required for the activity of many mitochondrial proteins,which regulate mitochondrial dynamics,apoptosis and mitophagy.However,it is not understood how the proper mitochondrial Zn^(2+)level is achieved to ma...Zn^(2+)is required for the activity of many mitochondrial proteins,which regulate mitochondrial dynamics,apoptosis and mitophagy.However,it is not understood how the proper mitochondrial Zn^(2+)level is achieved to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.Using Caenorhabditis elegans,we reveal here that a pair of mitochondrion-localized transporters controls the mitochondrial level of Zn^(2+).We demonstrate that SLC-30A9/ZnT9 is a mitochondrial Zn^(2+)exporter.Loss of SLC-30A9 leads to mitochondrial Zn^(2+)accumulation,which damages mitochondria,impairs animal development and shortens the life span.We further identify SLC-25A25/SCaMC-2 as an important regulator of mitochondrial Zn^(2+)import.Loss of SLC-25A25 suppresses the abnormal mitochondrial Zn^(2+)accumulation and defective mitochondrial structure and functions caused by loss of SLC-30A9.Moreover,we reveal that the endoplasmic reticulum contains the Zn^(2+)pool from which mitochondrial Zn^(2+)is imported.These findings establish the molecular basis for controlling the correct mitochondrial levels for normal mitochondrial structure and functions.展开更多
Small RNAs(sRNAs)are a class of short,non-coding regulatory RNAs that have emerged as critical components of defense regulatory networks across plant kingdoms.Many sRNA-based technologies,such as host-induced gene sil...Small RNAs(sRNAs)are a class of short,non-coding regulatory RNAs that have emerged as critical components of defense regulatory networks across plant kingdoms.Many sRNA-based technologies,such as host-induced gene silencing(HIGS),spray-induced gene silencing(SIGS),virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),artificial microRNA(amiRNA)and synthetic trans-acting siRNA(syn-tasiRNA)-mediated RNA interference(RNAi),have been developed as disease control strategies in both monocot and dicot plants,particularly in crops.This review aims to highlight our current understanding of the roles of sRNAs including miRNAs,heterochromatic siRNAs(hc-siRNAs),phased,secondary siRNAs(phasiRNAs)and natural antisense siRNAs(nat-siRNAs)in disease resistance,and sRNAs-mediated trade-offs between defense and growth in crops.In particular,we focus on the diverse functions of sRNAs in defense responses to bacterial and fungal pathogens,oomycete and virus in crops.Further,we highlight the application of sRNA-based technologies in protecting crops from pathogens.Further research perspectives are proposed to develop new sRNAs-based efficient strategies to breed non-genetically modified(GMO),diseasetolerant crops for sustainable agriculture.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970274 (J.W.), 32170272 (X.W.), 32100251 (J.Z.), 32000179 (Y.X.))the Special Research Assistant of Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.Z. and Y.X.), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M713224 (J.Z.))+6 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDPB16 (J.W.))the Yunnan Innovation Team Project (202105AE160013 (J.W.))CAS “Light of West China” Program (G.S.)Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program “Young Talents” Project (XDYC-QNRC-2022-0301 (J.Z.), XDYC-QNRC-2022-0001 (G.S.))the General and Key Project of the Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan (202001AS070021(J.W.))Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects-General Project (202101AT070457 (S.L.))Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects-Youth Talent Project (202101AU070021(S.L.))
文摘Parasitic plants and their hosts communicate through haustorial connections.Nutrient deficiency is a common stress for plants,yet little is known about whether and how host plants and parasites communicate during adaptation to such nutrient stresses.In this study,we used transcriptomics and proteomics to analyze how soybean(Glycine max)and its parasitizing dodder(Cuscuta australis)respond to nitrate and phosphate deficiency(-N and-P).After-N and-P treatment,the soybean and dodder plants exhibited substantial changes of transcriptome and proteome,although soybean plants showed very few transcriptional responses to-P and dodder did not show any transcriptional changes to either-N or-P.Importantly,large-scale interplant transport of mRNAs and proteins was detected.Although the mobile mRNAs only comprised at most 0.2%of the transcriptomes,the foreign mobile proteins could reach 6.8%of the total proteins,suggesting that proteins may be the major forms of interplant communications.Furthermore,the interplant mobility of macromolecules was specifically affected by the nutrient regimes and the transport of these macromolecules was very likely independently regulated.This study provides new insight into the communication between host plants and parasites under stress conditions.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0500100,2018YFA0800700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91857201,31571388,31671402,31671233,31701018 and U1702288)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA12040218)and the CASCroucher Joint Laboratory Project(Project No.CAS16SC01).
文摘Dear Editor,Brown adipose tissue(BAT)acts as a site of non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals including adult humans(Ned-ergaard and Cannon,2010).Prolonged cold exposure can induce the acquisition of thermogenic function in white adipose tissue(WAT)with the cells that have undergone the"browning"process being referred to as beige cells(Wu et al.,2013).Both mainly use mitochondrial p-oxidation of fatty arid(FA)from lipid drnplotc(I He)in maintaining hnHy temperature.The efficiency of hydrophobic FA transport between two organelles in aqueous cytoplasm has been challenged.Understanding the mechanism underlying the interaction between these two organelles is essential for animal physiology as well as for the development of therapies to treat metabolic diseases(Benador et al.,2018).
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China(91954204 and 31730053)the National Basic Research Program of China(2017YFA0503403)Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department(#202001BB050077 and#202105AB160003).
文摘Zn^(2+)is required for the activity of many mitochondrial proteins,which regulate mitochondrial dynamics,apoptosis and mitophagy.However,it is not understood how the proper mitochondrial Zn^(2+)level is achieved to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.Using Caenorhabditis elegans,we reveal here that a pair of mitochondrion-localized transporters controls the mitochondrial level of Zn^(2+).We demonstrate that SLC-30A9/ZnT9 is a mitochondrial Zn^(2+)exporter.Loss of SLC-30A9 leads to mitochondrial Zn^(2+)accumulation,which damages mitochondria,impairs animal development and shortens the life span.We further identify SLC-25A25/SCaMC-2 as an important regulator of mitochondrial Zn^(2+)import.Loss of SLC-25A25 suppresses the abnormal mitochondrial Zn^(2+)accumulation and defective mitochondrial structure and functions caused by loss of SLC-30A9.Moreover,we reveal that the endoplasmic reticulum contains the Zn^(2+)pool from which mitochondrial Zn^(2+)is imported.These findings establish the molecular basis for controlling the correct mitochondrial levels for normal mitochondrial structure and functions.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91940301 to Z.H.,32070564 and 31600207 to J.L.)and Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202101AW070002 to J.L.).
文摘Small RNAs(sRNAs)are a class of short,non-coding regulatory RNAs that have emerged as critical components of defense regulatory networks across plant kingdoms.Many sRNA-based technologies,such as host-induced gene silencing(HIGS),spray-induced gene silencing(SIGS),virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),artificial microRNA(amiRNA)and synthetic trans-acting siRNA(syn-tasiRNA)-mediated RNA interference(RNAi),have been developed as disease control strategies in both monocot and dicot plants,particularly in crops.This review aims to highlight our current understanding of the roles of sRNAs including miRNAs,heterochromatic siRNAs(hc-siRNAs),phased,secondary siRNAs(phasiRNAs)and natural antisense siRNAs(nat-siRNAs)in disease resistance,and sRNAs-mediated trade-offs between defense and growth in crops.In particular,we focus on the diverse functions of sRNAs in defense responses to bacterial and fungal pathogens,oomycete and virus in crops.Further,we highlight the application of sRNA-based technologies in protecting crops from pathogens.Further research perspectives are proposed to develop new sRNAs-based efficient strategies to breed non-genetically modified(GMO),diseasetolerant crops for sustainable agriculture.