Effect of soybean milk for 12 weeks in six-weeks-old male rats′testis,prostate,epididymis,seminal vesicles and testosterone

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether soy milk may cause reproductive disorders and decrease testosterone.METHODS Thirty two six weeks old male rats were divided into 4 groups including control group(non treatment)and three other groups were treated with soy milk powder(7.1,14.2and 21.3g·kg-1)everyday for 90 d.Histopathological examination of testis,epididymis and seminal vesicles were done using HE staining.Blood testosterone levels were assayed by ELISA.RESULTS There were positive correlations between the doses of soy milk with spermatogenesis in the testes,prostate epithelial cell hyperplasia.There were also positively correlation between dose of soy milk with vacuoles forming on epididymal epithelial cells and apoptosis in epithelial cells of seminal vesicles.The blood testosterone levels were not significantly difference between groups.CONCLUSION Subchronically soy milk feeding in rats induce histopathology changes of reproductive organs that closely related to the process of endocrine disruptors.

Protective effect of Nigella sativa L.to gastric mucous of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer rats

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Nigella sativa L.as gastric protective on indomethacin-induced rats.METHODS the design of this research is randomized post test control group design.The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups which 5 rats in each.Rats were fasted for 8h before treatment.The first group was a control group(only gave aquadest as vehicle orally).The second group was subjected to induced with indomethacin 30mg·kg-1.The rest groups were subjected to induced by indomethacin and methanolic extract of Nigella sativa L.200,300 and 400mg·kg-1 every 8h for 24 h,respectively,for third,fourth and fifth group.Rats were sacrificed after anesthetized with ketamine and gastric were washed before observed.Macroscopic observation based on a score of lesion and microscopic observation on gastric based by histological HE staining.Whole data were analysis of an ANOVA statistical program.RESULTS The administration of Nigella sativa L.significantly decreased gastric ulcer macroscopically starting at dose 100,200 and 300mg·kg-1(P<0.05).Microscopic observation showed significant decreasing at dose 200 and 300mg·kg-1(P<0.05).Interestingly,there was no significant different between control and dose 300mg·kg-1.Negative correlation between lesion and doses were-0.919,-0.953 for macroscopic and microscopic lesion respectively.It means there was strong correlation between dose and lesion,higher dose lesser lesion.The mechanism of gastric protective of NigellasativaL.may caused by the bioactive compound such as thymoquinone which known as antiinflammation and antioxidant.CONCLUSION Methanolic extract of Nigella sativa L.decreased peptic ulcer both macroscopic and microscopic conditions on indomethacin-induced rats.

Cytotoxic effect some fractions of parasitic tea tree(Scurrulla atropurpurea Danser)and its potential for DNA demethylation in silico approach

OBJECTIVE To investigate the secondary metabolite flavonoids containing beside epigallo catechin 3-gallate(EGCG)from n-hexane,chloroform and ethanolic fraction,cytotoxic potential from some fractions of Scurrula artropurpurea(Blume)Danser(SAD),and its potential as DNA methyl transferase(DNMT)inhibitor.METHODS To identify 3 isolate from different regions,Lawang and Lembang(plateau region),Wlingi(lowland region)by 3fractions(n-hexane,chloroform and ethanol)using thin layer chromatography(TLC)and a spectrometer.EGCG level measured by Liquid-Chromatography mass spectrophotometer(LC-MS).The viability of HeLa cells measured by MTT assay.Acridine ethidium-bromide staining was applied to evaluate cell death.Molecular docking conducted for DNMT inhibition by Autodock Vina using Pyrex0.8 programs and molecular interaction by ligand scout V 2.0 program.RESULTS The different region showed different secondary metabolite.SAD from Lawang and Lembang(both are polite)have similar active compound in n-hexan fraction(didhydroflavonol,flavonone,flavanone),chloroform fraction(dihydroflavonol,flavanone,catechin)and ethanolic fraction(flavonone,flavonol and EGCG).While Wlingi isolate have no dihydroflavonol in chloroform fraction,but flavone.We used Lawang isolate for next research to evaluate cytotoxicity potential for HeLa cells for 24 h.IC50chloroform fraction was the highest,followed by ethanol and nhexane fraction(96.16,298.82 and 489.66μg·mL-1,respectively).Index apoptosis were observed at half IC50 concentration of chloroform(99.97%),ethanol(66.79%)and n-hexane fractions(14.92%).In silico analysis showed some active compounds have specific binding site to the DNMT with low energy binding affinity such as-10.4for EGCG,-8.4for catechin,-8.2 for dihydroflavonol,-8.0 for flavone,-7.9 for flavonol and -7.8kcal·mol-1 for flavonone.The impact of of DNMT and bioactive compounds complex showed its potential for epigenetic manipulation such as demethylation.Inhibition of DNMT on ABCG2 gene could combat drug efflux which main problem of multidrug resistance in cervical cancer chemotherapy.CONCLUSION Chloroform fraction(without EGCG containing)have the highest potential for cytotoxic agent for Hela cells rather than ethanol and n-hexane fraction and could develop as chemotherapeutic agent due to its property against multi drugs resistance as well.