Proper interpretation of sectional analysis results

Displacement control algorithms commonly used to evaluate axial force-bending moment(PM)diagrams may lead to incorrect interpretations of the strength envelopes for asymmetric sections.This paper aims to offer valuable insights by comparing existing displacement control algorithms with a newly proposed force control algorithm.The main focus is on the PM diagrams of three example sections that exhibit varying degrees of asymmetry.The comparative study indicates that conventional displacement control algorithms inevitably introduce non-zero out-of-plane bending moments.The reported PM diagram in such cases erroneously neglects the out-of-plane moment and fails to represent the strength envelope accurately.This oversight results in significant and unconservative errors when verifying the strength of asymmetric sections.

Evaluation of the Impact of Driver Behavior on Back of Queues Events in Work Zones Using the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study Data

The SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study was used to evaluate the impact of various work zone and driver characteristics on back of queue safety critical events (crash, near-crash, or conflicts) The model included 43 SCE and 209 “normal” events which were used as controls. The traces included representing 209 unique drivers. A Mixed-Effects Logistic Regression model was developed with probability of a SCE as the response variable and driver and work zone characteristics as predictor variables. The final model indicated glances over 1 second away from the driving task and following closely increased risk of an SCE by 3.8 times and 2.9 times, respectively. Average speed was negatively correlated to crash risk. This is counterintuitive since in most cases, it is expected that higher speeds are related to back of queue crashes. However, most queues form under congested conditions. As a result, vehicles encountering a back of queue would be more likely to be traveling at lower speeds.

Measuring Pedestrian Stress Response (MPSR) Using Wearable Technologies

Walkability is an essential aspect of urban transportation systems. Properly designed walking paths can enhance transportation safety, encourage pedestrian activity, and improve community quality of life. This, in turn, can help achieve sustainable development goals in urban areas. This pilot study uses wearable technology data to present a new method for measuring pedestrian stress in urban environments and the results were presented as an interactive geographic information system map to support risk-informed decision-making. The approach involves analyzing data from wearable devices using heart rate variability (RMSSD and slope analysis) to identify high-stress locations. This data-driven approach can help urban planners and safety experts identify and address pedestrian stressors, ultimately creating safer, more walkable cities. The study addresses a significant challenge in pedestrian safety by providing insights into factors and locations that trigger stress in pedestrians. During the pilot study, high-stress pedestrian experiences were identified due to issues like pedestrian-scooter interaction on pedestrian paths, pedestrian behavior around high foot traffic areas, and poor visibility at pedestrian crossings due to inadequate lighting.

SYSTEM ENTITY STRUCTURES FOR SUITES OF SIMULATION MODELS

We describe how to develop a suite of models in the MS4 Modeling Environment(MS4 Me).The approach employs the operation of merging of System Entity Structures supported by the environment.After construction,the suite of models can be hosted on Model Store,the cloud-based repository of models provided by MS4 systems as a basis for further collaborative model development.A suite of models,relating to Health Care is used as an example.In this paper,we review basic concepts of the SES needed to support of suites of simulation models.We then consider the concept of multiple aspects that provides more advanced capabilities to construct and manipulate suites of models.With this background,we go on to discuss a methodology for developing suites of simulation models and cloud-based technology for storing and sharing such models in a marketplace of models.Finally,we discuss future research and developments needed to bring the marketplace into common use by modeling and simulation practitioners.

Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere ionosphere.Combining these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE mission.Here,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these efforts.Preparations include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft conjunctions.We anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

特厚煤层连续群组放煤方法初始顶煤放出规律研究

为了阐明特厚煤层群组放煤条件下初始顶煤的放出规律,采用理论分析和数值模拟的方法,研究了放煤口宽度对顶煤放出体形态特征、煤岩分界面演化以及两者空间关系的影响规律。结果表明,在顶煤厚度12m条件下,随着放煤高度与放煤口宽度之比(δ值)的增大,放出体偏心率呈增大趋势,当δ值增大到一定程度后放出体偏心率逐渐趋向于一个稳定值。随着放煤口宽度的增大,单次顶煤放出量和放出效率均有显著提升,初始煤岩分界面影响范围不断增大,而其边界斜率呈降低趋势;放出体与煤岩分界面相切段的高度和范围不断增加,更有利于顶煤的充分放出,顶煤放出体与相邻煤岩分界面的相切特征可作为评估连续群组放煤顶煤放出效果的有效方法。

Ground movement patterns and shallow foundation performance in Iskenderun coastline during the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake sequence

This study focuses on the field reconnaissance efforts for investigating ground deformation behavior and building foundation performance in Iskenderun.Many structures experienced significant damage or collapsed due to strong ground shaking in the coastal Iskenderun district of Hatay during the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake sequence.Many buildings were also impacted by ground failure due to liquefaction of deposits in the area.Preliminary information regarding the general subsurface profile and post-earthquake data collected during the reconnaissance was used to perform simplified liquefaction and lateral spreading analyses.The empirical methods provide first order estimations of settlements and lateral spreading but are not sufficient when the nature of the structure-soil-structure interaction and earthquake sequence is considered.Measurements of vertical displacements and building tilt,liquefaction manifestations,and structural and foundation parameters potentially affecting foundation settlements including foundation geometry,building contact pressure,and building elastic period were used to evaluate seismic response of the ground and the structures through empirical procedures.Most of the buildings exhibited poor to mediocre foundation performance due to liquefaction-prone subsurface profiles,especially on the coastline.Ongoing field and numerical research will reveal the cause of significant ground failure in the area as well as refined estimates for the seismic deformations.

Petrochemical eigenvalues and diagrams for the identification of metamorphic rocks'protolith,taking the host rocks of Dashuigou tellurium deposit in China as an example

The Dashuigou tellurium deposit is the world’s only known independent tellurium deposit.By restoring metamorphic rocks’protolith,we seek to understand not only the development and evolution trajectory of the region but also the origin of the relevant deposits.While there are many ways to restore metamorphic rocks’protolith,we take the host metamorphic rocks of Dashuigou tellurium deposit and leverage various petrochemical eigenvalues and related diagrams previously proposed to reveal the deposit’s host metamorphic rocks’protolith.The petrochemical eigenvalues include molecular number,Niggli’s value,REE parity ratio,CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)ratio,Fe^(3+) /(Fe^(3+) -+Fe^(2+) )ratio,chondrite-normalized REE value,logarithmic REE value,various REE eigenvalues including scandium,Eu/Sm ratio,total REE amount,light and heavy REEs,δEu,Eu anomaly,Sm/Nd ratio,and silicon isotope δ^(30) SiNBS-29‰,etc.The petrochemical plots include ACMs,100 mg-c-(al+alk),SiO_(2)-(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O),(al+fm)-(c+alk)versus Si,FeO+Fe_(2)O^(3+) TiO)-Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO,c-mg,Al_(2)O_(3)-(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O),chondrite-normalized REE model,La/Yb-REE,and Sm/Nd ratio,etc.On the basis of these comprehensive analyses,the following conclusions are drawn,starting from the many mantle-derived types of basalt developed in the study area of different geological ages,combined with the previously published research results on the deposit s fluid inclusions and sulfur and lead isotopes.The deposit is formed by mantle degassing in the form of a mantle plume in the late Yanshanian orogeny.The degassed fluids are rich in nano-sc ale substances including Fe,Te,S,As,Bi,Au,Se,H_(2),CO_(2),N_(2),H_(2)O,and CH_(4),which are enriched by nano-effect,and then rise to a certain part of the crust in the form of mantle plume along the lithospheric fault to form the deposit.The ultimate power for tellurium mineralization was from H_(2)flow with high energy,which was produced through radiation from the melted iron of the Earth’s outer core.The H,flow results in the Earth’s degassing,as well as the mantle and crust’s uplift.

Correlations between trace elements in pyrite and gold mineralization of gold deposits on the North China platform

By studying both the microscopic physical and chemical typomorphic characteristics of typical mineral pyrite samples associated with representative gold deposits on the north-central margin of the North China Platform,this paper seeks to identify macroscopic metallogenic mechanisms of gold deposits and to reveal the formation mechanism of lattice gold in pyrite.Typomorphic characteristics of pyrite reveal that pyrite grain size has a negative correlation with gold content.Cubic pyrite,as the dominant crystal form,contains more gold than pentagonal dodecahedral pyrite.Both pyrite crystal forms and chemical compositions indicate that the replacement style of gold deposit formed in a low saturability,low sulfur fugacity,and at temperatures either much higher or much lower than its best forming temperature;comparatively,that of the quartz vein style of gold deposit occurred under conditions with the best temperature,rich in sulfur,and with high sulfur fugacity.The Au/Ag ratios of the pyrites show that both the replacement and quartz vein styles of deposits are mesothermal and hypothermal,while the Co/Ni ratios of the pyrites indicate that the quartz vein style is of magmatic-hydrothermal origin.The X-ray diffraction intensity of pyrite rich in gold is lower than that of pyrite poor in gold at the quartz vein style.In general,with an increase in gold content in pyrite,the total sum intensityΣI decreases.The pyroelectricity coefficient has a negative correlation trend with the values of(Co+Ni+Se+Te)-As and(Co+Ni+Se+Te)/As.The pyrite pyroelectricity of the replacement style is N-type,indicating that it formed under low sulfur fugacity,while that of the quartz vein style is a mixture of P-N types,indicating that it formed under high sulfur fugacity.On the pyroelectricity-temperature diagram,pyrite of the replacement style is mainly distributed between 200 and 270°C,while that of the quartz vein style varies between 90–118 and274–386°C,demonstrating a multistage forming process.In contrast to previous researchers'conclusions,the authors confirm the existence of lattice gold in pyrites through the use of an electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)test.Au in the form of Au~+,entering pyrite as an isomorph and producing electron–hole centers,makes the centers produce spin resonance absorption and results in EPR absorption peak II.The intensity of auriferous pyrite absorption peak II has certain direct positive correlations with pyrite gold content.The#I and#III absorption peaks of pyrites possibly result from the existence of Ni^(2+)and/or Cu^(2+).γ1,γ2,andγ3 are the strongest and most typical absorption peaks of the infrared spectra of the pyrites.Generally,with the increase in gold content in the pyrite samples,γ1,γ2,andγ3 tend to shift to higher wavenumbers,and the gold content in the pyrite samples has a positive correlation with their relative absorbance.

Eight decades of compositional change in a managed northern hardwood landscape

We analyzed over 8 decades of change in forest composition(represented by species proportion of basal area)and size class from more than 400 permanent plots located on the Bartlett Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire.These data represent one of the longest-term landscape-scale records of forest change based on permanent plots in North America.We analyzed the plots based on elevation class,land type indicating assumed successional direction(grouped into coniferous and deciduous),and inventory period within managed and unmanaged portions of the forest.An ongoing shift from small-to large-diameter stems is clear across all species,in response to the overall aging of the forest following exploitative harvesting in the 19th century.Major compositional changes include a continuing decline in shade-intolerant species(paper birch and aspen),along with the mid-tolerant yellow birch.An increase in red maple abundance through the early 1990s has leveled off or reversed.Among shade-tolerant species,increases in beech and red spruce were largely consistent with assumed land type on unmanaged plots,but heavy marking against diseased beech on managed plots restricted increase of that species.Sugar maple declined in abundance except where silvicultural intervention helped maintain it.By contrast,eastern hemlock showed a continuing expansion at all elevations below 600 m.The data continue to show little or no evidence of upward migration of species,despite evidence of recent regional change in climate.However,the BEF is poised for substantial changes when emerald ash borer and hemlock woolly adelgid,both of which are known to infest nearby areas,do arrive.

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa in children:an overview

Epidermolysis bullosa consist of a pattern of diseases which is mainly associated with genetic defects in the integrity of structures that cause the adhesion of the epidermis with the dermis,primarily called as the Basement Membrane Zone.If the defect is associated with the lamina lucida of the basement membrane zone,it is called junctional epidermolysis bullosa(JEB).JEB is mainly inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.The characteristic feature of all the JEB subtypes is enamel hypoplasia.This article is aimed at identifying the main features of JEB in children.Fifty articles which were published between 2000 and 2022 were reviewed and the types,investigations and management of JEB are explained based on the existing literature.

鼎湖山马尾松林群落生物量生产对人为干扰的响应

通过处理 (根据当地习惯收割凋落物和林下层 )和保护 (无任何人为干扰 )样地的比较 ,在 10 a时间里研究了鼎湖山生物圈保护区马尾松 (Pinus massoniana)林群落生物量生产对人为干扰的响应。 1990～ 1995年 ,由于人为干扰活动而直接从处理样地取走的有机质总量为 2 1.2 1t/hm2 。 1990～ 2 0 0 0年 ,保护样地林下层生物量以 34%～ 5 3%的年增长速率从 2 .2 3t/hm2 逐年提高 ,至 1995年达到高峰 (11.10 t/hm2 ) ,之后因与乔木层马尾松生长竞争原因而下降至 9.4 4 t/hm2 ;地表凋落物主要来源于林下层植物且地表凋落物量变化与林下层生物量变化相类似。在整个试验过程 ,尽管保护样地和处理样地乔木层马尾松个体总数均随时间而减少 ,但它们的总生物量则随时间而增加且其增加的速率随时间和样地不同而异。 1990～ 1995年 ,保护样地总生物量增加了 38.3% (从 81.2 t/hm2增至 112 .3t/hm2 ) ,较处理样地 (收获林下层和凋落物 )总生物量增加的百分比高 4 .7个百分点 (33.6 % ,从 98.8t/hm2增至 132 .0 t/hm2 )。然而 ,1995～ 2 0 0 0年 ,保护样地总生物量增加的百分比为 2 9.1% (从 112 .3t/hm2 增至 14 5 .0 t/hm2 ) ,较处理样地 (1995～ 2 0 0 0年也停止人为干扰 )增加的百分比却低 3.2个百分点 (32 .3% ,从

人为干扰对鼎湖山马尾松林土壤细根和有机质的影响(英文)

通过处理 (根据当地习惯收割凋落物和林下层 )和保护 (无任何人为干扰 )样地的比较试验 ,1990～ 1995年期间研究了人为干扰对鼎湖山生物圈保护区马尾松 (Pinus massoniana)林土壤细根和有机质的影响。在此 5 a的研究期间 ,由于人为干扰活动而直接从处理样地取走的林下层和凋落物总量为 2 1.7t/ hm2。在保护样地 ,林下层生物量从 2 .2 t/ hm2增加至 11.10 t/ hm2 ,地表凋落物 (包括枯死的林下层 )量则从 3.0 t/ hm2 增加至 13.3t/ hm2 。收割林下层和凋落物这种人为干扰活动对林地土壤细根生物量的影响不明显 ,但却显著降低土壤轻腐殖质 (Soil lightorganic matter)量。在细根分解过程中 ,其分解速率在处理样地(试验结束时细根残存量占起始量的 4 0 .8% )显著高于在保护样地 (试验结束时细根残存量占起始量的 4 4 .3% ) ;与 Ca、Mg和K元素不同 ,N和 P两种元素的释放速率在处理样地显著高于保护样地 ,表明这种人为干扰活动不仅直接取走所收割的林下层和凋落物中的养分 。

鼎湖山马尾松林植物养分积累动态及其对人为干扰的响应

通过处理 (根据当地习惯收割凋落物和林下层植物 )和保护 (无任何人为干扰 )样地的比较试验 ,在 10年时间里 (1990～ 2 0 0 0年 )研究了鼎湖山生物圈保护区马尾松 (Pinusmassoniana)林群落植物养分积累动态及其对人为干扰的响应 ,在此基础上深入和较系统地分析讨论了不同的经营措施对马尾松林可持续性的影响 ,为我国目前大面积的退化马尾松林恢复和马尾松林可持续性管理提供理论依据。结果表明 :1990～ 1995年 ,5年时间里由于人为干扰活动而直接从处理样地取走的各元素养分量 ,在林下层为 (kg·hm-2 ) :132 .72 (N)、4 .72 (P)、6 3.32 (K)、2 3.5 1(Ca)和 7.0 0 (Mg) ,在地表凋落物为 (kg·hm-2 ) :4 8.93(N)、1.85 (P)、17.2 8(K)、19.2 5 (Ca)和 2 .92 (Mg)。 1990～2 0 0 0年 ,保护样地林下层和地表凋落物各元素养分贮量分别以 39%～ 4 1%和 37%～ 38%的年平均增长速率逐年提高 ,至 1995年达到高峰 ,之后各元素贮量在林下层和地表凋落物均以 14 %的年平均速率下降。在处理样地 ,1990～1995年期间各元素贮量在林下层年平均积累速率为 17% ,之后 (1995～ 2 0 0 0年期间 )则为 2 6 % ;与此同时 ,各元素贮量在地表凋落物年平均积累速率为 2 2 %～ 2 3% ,之后 (1995～ 2 0 0 0年期间 )则为 2 8%。在整个?

柚喀木虱的形态、生物学特性及发生规律研究

柚喀木虱Cacopsylla citrisuga Yang&Li是云南省德宏州柠檬产区为害柠檬嫩梢、嫩叶的一种害虫,在该产区的柚喀木虱若虫体内检测到黄龙病亚洲种病原菌,对柚喀木虱的形态、生物学特性及发生规律进行了研究.结果表明:柚喀木虱主要发生在德宏州海拔1 000～1 500 m的柠檬产区,其寄主植物仅发现芸香科柑橘属Citrus和枳壳Poncirus trifoliate,海拔越高,发生时间越长,受害越重;以若虫为害最为严重,受害叶片不能正常生长及展开,出现对折症状,严重时卷曲成菊花状;其种群数量的变化及为害高峰期与柠檬抽发、海拔高度及气温密切相关.

震前卫星热红外环形应力场特征

本文包括两部分内容:①描述了1996年2月3日云南丽江Ms7.0级地震,震前几天的卫星热红外图像呈现圆形,它的NNW、NW、SN、及NE向的热旋扭面往S收敛。该地震地表破裂由一系列张扭性裂缝组成,呈左旋左列,水平位错不明显,垂直断距数厘米。垂直力对构造变动的作用较为明显;而丽江地震震源机制解破裂面II的走向NNE6o,倾向W,倾角44o,P轴方位为NNE3o、仰角75o,近于直立,综合热旋扭面展布、地震地表破裂特征及震源机制解,得出该旋扭椭圆为地幔外侧右旋上涌所造成;②菲律宾萨马岛Ms7.0～7.5强震群及青海共和Ms7.0地震前热应力环椭圆的推进路径。根据这一特征得出交变潮汐力的地球动力学解释。卫星热红外图像震前应力热场的方法是临震预测地震的有效方法,卫星热红外技术辅以震源机制解和地表破裂带力学分析是研究地球动力学有力工具。地球自转速度变化,交变潮汐力和地幔旋扭上涌力是地球动力学的主因。

基于FrameNet框架关系的文本蕴含识别

文本蕴含识别是处理自然语言中广泛存在的同义异形现象的一种有效途径。该文基于FrameNet中框架及框架之间的八种关系,结合WordNet中词汇间的语义关系,提出了一种文本蕴含识别方法。在给定文本T和假设H中词元激起的框架基础上,该方法利用深度优先搜索,在FrameNet框架关系图中,查询T和H中框架之间的上下位关系;再使用WordNet中语义关系比较二者的框架元素是否一致或相似。实验对RTE2007中50个文本对进行了测试,达到了76.6%的准确率,略高于RTE2007评测的最优结果。

噪声控制工程中成本效益分析应用进展与重要案例

介绍了成本效益分析(CBA)在噪声控制工程领域应用的最新国际动态,并例举了有关交通噪声的重要案例。CBA是一项多学科交叉的工作,在环境声学中具有广泛应用的潜力。虽然在中国的应用尚很少,但若能加以发展和合理地发挥作用,可为有关部门实施噪声防治措施和科学管理提供实用的手段。

喀斯特流域枯季径流衰减系数与地表形态特征相关分析研究

针对喀斯特流域地形、地貌对枯季径流的调蓄作用,选用乌江流域思南站以上19个水文站点枯季流量资料进行枯季径流衰减规律分析。根据枯季径流衰减曲线的拟合将枯季径流分为快速裂隙流和慢速裂隙流两段退水过程,并计算相应的衰减系数。通过对衰减系数与流域地表形态特征的单因素和多因素回归分析,确定影响衰减系数的主要影响因子为高程特征值和地形指数特征值,并建立两者与衰减系数的二元非线性回归方程(a1=0.781-0.266.ln(x)+0.633.ln(y),a2=0.061-0.016.ln(x)+0.044.ln(y)),其置信区间都大于99%,说明曲线整体拟合显著,为枯期径流衰减系数区域化分析及无/缺资料流域的水文模拟提供基础。

IBV单链抗体的筛选及其互补决定区序列变异分析

【目的】筛选能表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)单链抗体(scFv)的原核阳性克隆,并分析scFv抗原结合位点的氨基酸变化。【方法】采用RT-PCR,从IBV疫苗免疫的鸡脾脏RNA中扩增出抗体编码基因的重链可变区(VH)和轻链可变区(VL)基因。利用重组链延伸反应(SOE-PCR),将linker与VH和VL基因相连构建鸡scFv基因,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pOPE101-XP中,构建重组质粒并转入大肠杆菌表达,间接ELISA筛选原核表达的抗IBVscFv的阳性克隆,对其测序后进行Clustal.W多序列比较,分析scFv骨架区(FR)和互补决定区(CDR)氨基酸序列差异。【结果】筛选到表达IBVscFv的阳性克隆ZL.10和ZL.80;将它们的氨基酸序列与鸡胚系Gemline进行多序列比较,结果显示,ZL.10、ZL.80在CDR中易变异氨基酸占各区氨基酸的比率均在40%以上,其中VH的CDR3达90%,VL的CDR3达60%。此外,ZL.10、ZL.80在VH的CDR3区分别增加5个和7个氨基酸。FR氨基酸变异率较少,且大多均在12%以下,而FR4未发生突变。【结论】通过体外筛选原核表达产物的方法,获得了表达IBVscFv的阳性克隆ZL.10和ZL.80,其VH、VL氨基酸序列中的变异主要发生在各自的CDR,二者VH的CDR3氨基酸序列差异很大,提示这2个scFv阳性克隆针对的是IBV不同的抗原位点。