The presence of viable Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) in the environment is considered to contribute to the levels of H. pylori found in the human population, which also aids to increase its genetic variability and it...The presence of viable Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) in the environment is considered to contribute to the levels of H. pylori found in the human population, which also aids to increase its genetic variability and its environment adaptability and persistence. H. pylori form biofilms both within the in vitro and in vivo envi-ronment. This represents an important attribute that assists the survival of this bacterium within environ-ments that are both hostile and adverse to prolifera-tion. It is the aim of this paper to review the ability of H. pylori to form biofilms in vivo and in vitro and to address the inherent mechanisms considered to sig-nificantly enhance its persistence within the host and in external environments. Furthermore, the dissemi-nation of H. pylori in the external environment and within in the human body and its impact upon infec-tion control shall be discussed.展开更多
We review the recently dew, loped three-dinmnsional （3D） atom-superposition approach for simulating scanning tunneling microscopy （STM） and spectroscopy （STS） based on ab initio electronic structure data. In the...We review the recently dew, loped three-dinmnsional （3D） atom-superposition approach for simulating scanning tunneling microscopy （STM） and spectroscopy （STS） based on ab initio electronic structure data. In the method, contributions from individual electron tunneling transitions between the tip apex atom and each of the sample surface atoms are summed up assuming tile one-dimensional （1D） Wentzel-Kramers--Brillouin （WKB） approximation in all these transitions. This 3D WKB tun- neling model is extremely suitable to simulate spin-polarized STM and STS on surfaces exhibiting a complex noncollinear magnetic structure, i.e., without a global spin quantization axis, at very low computational cost. The tip electronic structure from first principles can also be incorporated into the model, that is often assumed to be constant in energy in the vast majority of the related literature, which couht lead to a misinterpretation of experimental findings. Using this approach,we highlight some of tile electron tunneling features on a prototype frustrated hexagonal antiferro- magnetic Cr monolayer oil Ag（lll） surface. We obtain useful theoretical insights into tile simulated quantities that is expected to help the correct evaluation of experimental results. By extending the method to incorporate a simple orbital dependent electron tunneling transmission, we reinvestigate the bias voltage- and tip-dependent contrast inversion effect on the W（110） surface. STM images cal- culated using this orbital dependent model agree reasonably well with Tersoff-Hamann and Bardeen results. The computational efficiency of the model is remarkable as the k-point samplings of the surface and tip Brillouin zones do not affect the computational time, in contrast to the Bardeen method. In a certain case we obtain a relative computational time gain of 8500 compared to the Bardeen calculation, without the loss of quality. We discuss the advantages and limitations of tile 3D WKB method, and show further ways to improve and extend it.展开更多
文摘The presence of viable Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) in the environment is considered to contribute to the levels of H. pylori found in the human population, which also aids to increase its genetic variability and its environment adaptability and persistence. H. pylori form biofilms both within the in vitro and in vivo envi-ronment. This represents an important attribute that assists the survival of this bacterium within environ-ments that are both hostile and adverse to prolifera-tion. It is the aim of this paper to review the ability of H. pylori to form biofilms in vivo and in vitro and to address the inherent mechanisms considered to sig-nificantly enhance its persistence within the host and in external environments. Furthermore, the dissemi-nation of H. pylori in the external environment and within in the human body and its impact upon infec-tion control shall be discussed.
文摘We review the recently dew, loped three-dinmnsional （3D） atom-superposition approach for simulating scanning tunneling microscopy （STM） and spectroscopy （STS） based on ab initio electronic structure data. In the method, contributions from individual electron tunneling transitions between the tip apex atom and each of the sample surface atoms are summed up assuming tile one-dimensional （1D） Wentzel-Kramers--Brillouin （WKB） approximation in all these transitions. This 3D WKB tun- neling model is extremely suitable to simulate spin-polarized STM and STS on surfaces exhibiting a complex noncollinear magnetic structure, i.e., without a global spin quantization axis, at very low computational cost. The tip electronic structure from first principles can also be incorporated into the model, that is often assumed to be constant in energy in the vast majority of the related literature, which couht lead to a misinterpretation of experimental findings. Using this approach,we highlight some of tile electron tunneling features on a prototype frustrated hexagonal antiferro- magnetic Cr monolayer oil Ag（lll） surface. We obtain useful theoretical insights into tile simulated quantities that is expected to help the correct evaluation of experimental results. By extending the method to incorporate a simple orbital dependent electron tunneling transmission, we reinvestigate the bias voltage- and tip-dependent contrast inversion effect on the W（110） surface. STM images cal- culated using this orbital dependent model agree reasonably well with Tersoff-Hamann and Bardeen results. The computational efficiency of the model is remarkable as the k-point samplings of the surface and tip Brillouin zones do not affect the computational time, in contrast to the Bardeen method. In a certain case we obtain a relative computational time gain of 8500 compared to the Bardeen calculation, without the loss of quality. We discuss the advantages and limitations of tile 3D WKB method, and show further ways to improve and extend it.
