Emergent quantum phenomena in atomically engineered iridate heterostructures

Over the last few years,researches in iridates have developed into an exciting field with the discovery of numerous emergent phenomena,interesting physics,and intriguing functionalities.Among the studies,iridate-based artificial structures play a crucial role owing to their extreme flexibility and tunability in lattice symmetry,chemical composition,and crystal dimensionality.In this article,we present an overview of the recent progress regarding iridate-based artificial structures.We first explicitly introduce several essential concepts in iridates.Then,we illustrate important findings on representative SrIrO_(3)/SrTiO_(3) superlattices,heterostructures comprised of SrIrO3 and magnetic oxides,and their response to external electric-field stimuli.Finally,we comment on existing problems and promising future directions in this exciting field.

碳中和愿景下景区碳排放核算与零碳路径研究——以崇州市大雨村幸福里林盘景区为例

碳中和是人类面对气候变化危机的积极作为和共同追求。论文以四川省幸福里景区为研究对象,建立景区净碳排放估算体系,分析碳排放结构,提出实施路径,量化减碳量,实现景区内“零碳排”的目标。结果表明:(1)2018—2021年幸福里的净排放总量为92.53 tCO_(2)e、116.61 tCO_(2)e、587.85 tCO_(2)e、625.80 tCO_(2)e,民宿、餐饮等行业是碳排放量快速增长的主要原因。(2)2018—2019年,能源活动的碳排放以车辆消耗的汽油为主,占58.49%、57.21%。2020—2021年,能源活动的碳排放结构发生转变,电力消费占主导地位,占68.73%、66.70%。(3)加大可再生能源建设,推广低碳交通、建筑节能、农业低碳、资源循环、林业碳汇等措施,预计可减少碳排放量743.64 tCO_(2)e/a。研究结果为景区碳排放核算、减碳实施路径及低碳转型提供参考。

Industrialization,Efficiency and Social Housing:Sustainable Prefabrication for the Colombian Social and Cultural Context

This research aims to generate processes of industrialization and qualification of social housing in Colombia through prefabrication,low energy consumption and high environmental quality to reduce the current deficit and improve the quality of life in communities with fewer economic resources.Modular coordination and the use of materials with thermal behaviors,appropriate to the country’s climatic characteristics,reduce production costs,avoid waste and improve the architectural and environmental quality of social housing.Passive cooling strategies,such as controlling solar incursion and generating natural cross ventilation eliminate energy consumption and allow reaching desired standards of comfort.In a context in which traditional construction systems have still not resolved the social housing deficit in Colombia and which generate high costs for energy consumption in the search for thermal comfort,industrialized and efficient construction with high environmental quality provides solutions according to the economic,geographic,social and cultural context in Colombia.

生成式人工智能对德国高校教学的影响及展望——以ChatGPT为例

人工智能的发展日新月异,以ChatGPT为例阐述了生成式人工智能的使用对德国高校教学产生的影响,包括:学生学习、课程教学内容的构建、在教学和学习过程中提供的支持、考试和教育公平。系统呈现了人工智能目前的发展状况,以及各种因使用不当导致给高校教学带来的不良影响。可利用其自身潜力深度开发,积极引导高校教学。

Leaf thermal tolerance and sensitivity of temperate tree species are correlated with leaf physiological and functional drought resistance traits

Climate change is causing more frequent and severe climatic events,such as extreme heat and co-occurring drought,potentially accelerating tree mortality.Which tree species will cope better with those extreme events is still being researched.This study focuses on heat as a physiological stress factor and interspecifi c variation of thermal tolerance and sensitivity traits in 15 temperate coniferous and broad-leaved tree species.We investigate(1)whether thermal tolerance and sensitivity traits correlate with a droughtrelated physiological trait,particularly the leaf turgor loss point(πtlp,wilting point),and(2)how thermal tolerance and sensitivity traits co-vary within diff erent tree-functional types classifi ed by morphological and physiological traits of the leaf,i.e.,leaf mass per area(LMA)and percentage loss of area(PLA).The study was carried out in the Traunstein Forest Dynamics Plot of the ForestGEO network in Germany.The temperature response of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II(F_(v)/F_(m))on leaf discs was determined,from which various physiological leaf traits were estimated,one of which is the breaking point temperature(T_(5)),the temperature at which F_(v)/F_(m)declines by 5%.Additionally,the temperature of 50%(T_(50))and 95%(T_(95))decline in F_(v)/F_(m)was evaluated.The decline width between T_(50)and T 5(DW T_(50)−T_(5))was taken as an indicator of the species’thermal sensitivity.The breaking point temperature ranged from 35.4±3.0 to 47.9±3.9℃among the investigated tree species and T 50 ranged between 46.1±0.4 and 53.6±0.7℃.A large interspecifi c variation of thermal tolerance and sensitivity was found.European ash(Fraxinus excelsior L.)was the most heat-sensitive species,while Wild cherry(Prunus avium L.)was the least heat-sensitive species.Species with a more negativeπtlp tended to have a higher breaking point temperature than species with a less negativeπtlp.A lower thermal sensitivity characterized species with a higher LMA,and high PLA was found in species with low thermal sensitivity.Accordingly,species with thicker and tougher leaves have lower thermal sensitivity which coincides with a lower wilting point.We conclude that species that develop drought-adapted foliage can cope better with heat stress.Further,they might be able to maintain transpirational cooling during combined heat and drought stress,which could lessen their mortality risk during climatic extremes.

Solar cell-based hybrid energy harvesters towards sustainability

Energy harvesting plays a crucial role in modern society.In the past years,solar energy,owing to its renewable,green,and infinite attributes,has attracted increasing attention across a broad range of applications from small-scale wearable electronics to large-scale energy powering.However,the utility of solar cells in providing a stable power supply for vari-ous electrical appliances in practical applications is restricted by weather conditions.To address this issue,researchers have made many efforts to integrate solar cells with other types of energy harvesters,thus developing hybrid energy har-vesters(HEHs),which can harvest energy from the ambient environment via different working mechanisms.In this re-view,four categories of energy harvesters including solar cells,triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),piezoelectric nanogenerators(PENGs),and thermoelectric generators(TEGs)are introduced.In addition,we systematically summar-ize the recent progress in solar cell-based hybrid energy harvesters(SCHEHs)with a focus on their structure designs and the corresponding applications.Three hybridization designs through unique combinations of TENG,PENG,and TEG with solar cells are elaborated in detail.Finally,the main challenges and perspectives for the future development of SCHEHs are discussed.

Prolotherapy in Musculoskeletal Disorders, Guideline for Orthopedic Application

Purpose: Prolotherapy is a therapeutic method that involves injecting an irritant substance into injured areas of tendons, ligaments, and articular spaces. It has a wide application in orthopedic fields, including arthritis, tendinopathies, and back pain. Protocol of injection varies extensively based on the pathological condition. This review aims to discuss orthopedic applications of prolotherapy and its related outcomes, intending to introduce more specific injection protocols in each field. Methods: In a narrative review of literature, various musculoskeletal indications and contraindications of prolotherapy, as well as the method and location of injection, solution type, procedure intervals and frequencies, outcomes and side effects are investigated to reveal all aspects of the current knowledge about this new approach. Results: Chronic back pain, osteoarthritis, and tendinopathies are considered the most common indications for prolotherapy. Protocol of injection varies from one condition to another. The actual concentration of administered dextrose ranges from 12.5% to 25%. Results of the different studies indicate that prolotherapy could have a pleasing effect on improving patient’s pain and functional outcomes. No severe complication has been mentioned in previous investigations. Conclusion: Prolotherapy is a new therapeutic option that can be suggested as an effective method in recalcitrant musculoskeletal conditions.

Effects of oral Shilajit tablets on sexual function and sexual quality of life among reproductive-aged women: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial

Background:Shilajit is mentioned in the“Kama Sutra”as a potent enhancer of sexual desire.This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral Shilajit tablets on sexual function and sexual quality of life among women of reproductive age.Methods:Forty-eight reproductive-aged women participated in a placebo-controlled triple-blind clinical trial.The intervention group took oral Shilajit tablets(200 mg)twice daily for 60 days and the control group took the placebo.Data collection tools were Sexual Quality of Life-Female and Female Sexual Function Index.Data were collected before the intervention,30,60,and 90 days after the start of the study.Results:Forty-three women completed the study.The mean score of total sexual function in the intervention group was significantly higher than before the intervention(P<0.001).The mean score of sexual function was 28.93 after 90 days in the intervention group while it was 22.09 in the control group.This finding was observed in most domains of the sexual function index.The mean score of sexual quality of life increased after 60 days of intervention in both groups;however,the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.094).Conclusion:The study indicated that Shilajit,as a complementary therapy,may improve sexual function and most of its domains;while there was no effect on improving the quality of sexual life.

高寒冰雪覆盖型和湿润亚热带型岩溶水系统碳汇强度对比

以岩性相近但气候和土地利用迥异的两个具有高分辨率水文水化学自动监测数据的岩溶水系统——湿润亚热带以土质坡地为主的岩溶水系统(贵州普定后寨岩溶水系统)和高寒冰雪覆盖下以石质坡地为主的岩溶水系统(瑞士阿尔卑斯山区的Tsanfleuron冰川岩溶水系统)作为研究对象,进行岩溶作用碳汇强度对比研究。结果发现,后寨岩溶水系统的[HCO3-]年均值为222mg/L,而Tsanfleuron冰川岩溶水系统的[HCO3-]年均值仅为131mg/L,表明湿润亚热带岩溶水系统具有较高的[HCO3-]特征。然而,湿润亚热带岩溶水系统的碳汇强度(60.82t/(km2·a))与Tsanfleuron冰川岩溶水系统的碳汇强度(59.06t/(km2·a))相当。冰川岩溶水系统同样具有较高岩溶作用碳汇强度的原因主要是在全球变暖的背景下,冰川退缩加剧,冰川固体水库水量释放增多,致使冰川岩溶水系统径流量显著增加效应超出因稀释作用而产生的[HCO3-]降低效应,进而使得山岳冰川岩溶水系统的碳汇强度增大。这也暗示着随着某些冰川融化,径流量逐渐减小将使岩溶作用碳汇强度降低。

Testing and Approval Procedures for New Slab Track Systems in Europe

This paper describes the required testing and approval procedures of new track systems operated in Europe. To begin with, test methods and performance specifications according to European Standard （EN） are outlined. These include the repeated loading test, the determination of the static and dynamic stiffness of rail pads, clamping force and longitudinal rail resistance. The fact that labor tests are unable to simulate all the conditions in situ shows that these labor tests are not sufficient for the evaluation of the long term behaviour of a new track system： a test track of sufficient length must be constructed and exposed to traffic loads. In Europe to be accredited as a new system, a new slab track system must have a trial time of more than two years, during which the features of the whole system can be recognized. In the second part of this paper, the experience of the Institute of Road, Railway and Airfield Construction of TUM concerning the measuring methods of slab track systems carrying traffic are outlined. Also the approval procedure of the new slab tracks in Germany is discussed.

利用无人机多光谱数据监测玉米对不同灌溉模式的响应差异

【目的】作物水分状况的实时监测对于节水灌溉、缓解我国水资源紧缺具有重要意义。本研究旨在探寻利用无人机多光谱影像数据实时监测玉米干旱胁迫状况的可行性,比较无人机数据和田间实测农学指标对作物干旱胁迫的敏感程度。【方法】大田试验在河北吴桥进行,采用两个玉米品种‘富民985’和‘郑单958’,设置畦灌、滴灌和雨养3种模式。分别在大喇叭口期、抽雄期、开花期和灌浆期取玉米最新展开叶测定色素含量和比叶面积(SLA),同时利用无人机搭载多光谱相机采集近地遥感数据,并提取归一化植被指数(NDVI)、绿光归一化植被指数(GNDVI)、归一化红边指数(NDRE)、叶面叶绿素指数(LCI)和优化土壤调节植被指数(OSAVI)等5种植被指数。【结果】与叶片色素含量和SLA相比,植被指数更早在各处理间表现出差异。播种后70天(抽雄期)NDRE和LCI在各处理之间具有显著性差异,NDVI、GNDVI和OSAVI仅在灌溉和雨养模式之间出现显著性差异;同一时期各处理的色素含量差异不显著,比叶面积差异也不显著;播种后90天(灌浆期)各处理间的色素含量出现显著性差异。此外,相关性分析表明,植被指数与色素含量的相关性随着生育期发生变化。播种后80天(开花期)NDRE、LCI两个植被指数和色素含量的相关性优于NDVI、GNDVI和OSAVI指数;播种后90天(灌浆期)5种植被指数和色素含量之间的相关性较强。【结论】利用无人机在播种后70天监测的植被指数(NDRE)对玉米干旱的监测优于部分实测农学指标,在后期其测定的叶片色素值(Ca+Cb)/Car与玉米的衰老相关密切,因而对玉米干旱胁迫的监测早且较准确。但最佳光谱指标及其用于干旱监测的最佳时期仍需在更多品种及不同环境下做进一步验证。

含笑内酯对H22肝癌腹水瘤模型小鼠腹腔积液的治疗作用

目的探讨含笑内酯(MCL)对H22肝癌腹水瘤模型小鼠腹腔积液的治疗作用及机制。方法取H22肝癌腹水瘤细胞(0.2 m L,约2×10~7个)注射至40只BALB/C小鼠腹腔建立腹水瘤模型。接种24 h后小鼠随机分为MCL组[50 mg/(kg·d)MCL连续腹腔给药7 d]和模型组(等剂量生理盐水),每组20只。每日观察小鼠日常活动状态,记录小鼠体质量、腹围的变化。末次给药24 h后各组处死13只小鼠,采血后检测肿瘤标志物糖类抗原(CA)199、血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、铁蛋白、CA242、甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平;留取肝脏组织及腹水瘤细胞行HE染色,观察其病理状态;流式细胞术检测2组小鼠腹水瘤细胞凋亡情况。结果实验第4天开始,与模型组相比,MCL组体质量下降,腹围缩小(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,MCL组CEA、CA242、AFP水平出现下降,铁蛋白明显升高,肝组织及腹水瘤细胞水肿程度降低,腹水瘤细胞凋亡率升高(均P<0.05)。结论 MCL可抑制H22肝癌腹水瘤小鼠腹腔积液的生成,其机制可能是通过诱导肝癌细胞凋亡来实现的。

基于磁致旋光效应的光双稳态装置

基于磁致旋光效应构建磁光混合型光双稳装置对光学双稳态展开研究,传统装置的调制系统工作电压一般在1 000~3 000V,需要在高压屏蔽条件下才能操作,而本装置的调制系统的工作电压仅为10V左右,极大的增加了实验的简便性和安全性.在此基础上探究了初始偏置宗量和平均输入信号等系统参量对光双稳装置工作性能的影响,并经过比较发现初始偏置宗量与临界值相差5°左右,平均输入信号为12~18mV时,光双稳装置工作性能较高.

Molecular characterization,biological forms and sporozoite rate of Anopheles stephensi in southern Iran

Objective:To identify the biological forms,sporozoite rate and molecular characterization of the Anopheles stephensi(An.stephensi)in Hormozgan and Sistan-Baluchistan provinces,the most important malarious areas in Iran.Methods:Wild live An.stephensi samples were collected from different malarious areas in southern Iran.The biological forms were identified based on number of egg-ridges.Molecular characterization of biological forms was verified by analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II(mtDNA-COI/COII).The Plasmodium infection was examined in the wild female specimens by species-specific nested-PCR method.Results:Results showed that all three biological forms including mysorensis,intermediate and type are present in the study areas.Molecular investigations revealed no genetic variation between mtDNA COI/COII sequences of the biological forms and no Plasmodium parasites was detected in the collected mosquito samples.Conclusions:Presence of three biological forms with identical sequences showed that the known biological forms belong to a single taxon and the various vectorial capacities reported for these forms are more likely corresponded to other epidemiological factors than to the morphotype of the populations.Lack of malaria parasite infection in An,stephensi,the most important vector of malaria,may be partly due to the success and achievement of ongoing active malaria control program in the region.

Severe unilateral congenital ptosis with poor levator function:tarsoconjunctival mullerectomy plus levator resection vs frontalis sling procedure

AIM:To compare frontalis sling and tarsoconjunctival mullerectomy plus levator resection(TCMLR)in subjects with severe unilateral congenital ptosis with poor levator function(LF).METHODS:A prospective non-randomized nonblinded single center clinical trial.Fifty patients with severe unilateral congenital ptosis with poor LF were recruited.The frontalis sling and TCMLR were performed and the functional,cosmetic outcomes,complications,and success rate were evaluated at 1,3,and 6mo postoperatively.The t-test,Chi-square,Fishers exact,and nonparametric MannWhitney tests were used by SPSS software.RESULTS:Frontalis sling and TCMLR procedures were performed on 26 and 24 patients respectively.The mean age was 10.97±10.67y.LF was significantly better in the TCMLR group at months 1,3,and 6(P=0.002).Lagophthalmos was more common in the TCMLR group(no significant difference).At month 3,mild punctate epithelial erosions were observed more in the frontalis sling group(P=0.002).Significant complete success rate of 1st and 6th month for the frontalis sling vs TCMLR groups were 50%vs 20.8%(P=0.02),and 38.4%vs 50%(P=0.03)respectively.CONCLUSION:Complete success rate of TCMLR is higher in long-term follow-up in contrast with the frontalis sling in the short-term.Transient complications are more detected in mid-term follow-ups in both groups.

行星花园中生长的建筑——花园与健康环境语境下的生命建筑

探讨花园和健康城市环境这一广泛议题下的生命建筑主题,运用吉尔斯·克莱门特将地球作为“行星花园”的理念,阐释与树木相生相伴的生命建筑物是如何为这一愿景做出贡献。借此引入德语中的专业术语“活体植物建筑”(德语:Baubotanik),并通过当代案例展示生命建筑结构的独特特征。将树木生长与城市发展联系起来,提出植物嫁接技术作为调和眼前期望和长远发展间差异的一种解决方式,概述此方式的未来应用。通过探讨性研究,总结生命建筑的发展与2个方面有所关联,即人们对生活质量的主观感知和城市树木的健康促进作用。

Molecular detection of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i>in ticks population collected on dogs in Meshkin-Shahr, Ardebil Province, Iran

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is a disease which can cause death in dogs and cats by the Ehrlichia canis and transmitted by hard ticks. The main vector is Rhipicephalus sanguineus which is a common tick in Iran and common ectoparasite on dogs. Few researches has been done to show Ehrlichiosis situation in dog’s ticks. Animal husbandry in Meshkin-Shahr County from Ardebil province (North-West Iran) is the main job of people. Specimens were collected on dogs’ ears, neck, shoulder and toes and they were transferred to the Entomology Laboratory, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. After DNA extraction, Ehrlichia agent was detected by nested-PCR, 16 s rRNA amplification. Determination of sequence homologies have been done in Gen-Bank. 146 ticks were identified which included 29.44% female and 47.94% male. Rhipicephalus sanguineus were the most prevalent ticks. Ehrlichia spp and Anaplasma spp were found in 43.84% of all the specimens containing Anaplasma ovis, and Ehrlichia sp. and Herlichia canis. Rhipicephalus sanguineus is widely spread and the most common ticks on dogs. As far as we know, this is the first report of E. canis in vector from Iran. Nested PCR showed that hard ticks can contain Anaplasma ovis, Ehrlichia spp and E. canis. These results warrant studying on vector competence of ticks for the Ehrlichiosis agents.

The Relationships between Cognitive Neuropsychological State, Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity in Radiology Staff

Imbalance between the production and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been used for characterizing Oxidative stress. Extra amount of ROS are hazardous and can lead damages to the cells resulting in harsh diseases. For cancer, diabetes, psychological disorders and age-related disorders, latent of ROS in induction of alteration and DNA harm is a critical factor. Regarding these finding, the current research was planned to test the relationship between cognitive neuropsychological state and oxidative markers and genotoxicity in radiology staff. Total Number of 47 radiology staff, working in the radiology center of a referral University Hospital in Shiraz, were invited in the study. The participants were occupationally exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation (x-ray) for more than 2 years. Psychological disorder was analyzed by SCL-90-R. In the plasma, lipid peroxidation, DNA harm, catalase, superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, and glutathione peroxidase activity were calculated. Associations between parameters were measured by using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression analyses. As a result, there was a positive considerable connection between catalase and paranoid ideation, Obsessive-Compulsive, Anxiety and total. Furthermore, the correlation between psychoticism, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Paranoid Ideation and DNA damage was positive. There were positive relationships between superoxide dismutase and psychomotor speed, initiative/energy, selective attention and verbal memory. So, there were significant relationships among interpersonal sensitivity, somatization, depression and gender. But, there were no major relationships among psychological distress, history workers and oxidative stress. In so many words, Oxidative stress and genotoxicity result in psychological disorders in radiology staff. So, radiology staff should have more attention, as they suffered from some psychological disorders.

Molecular Detection of <i>Anaplasma</i>and <i>Ehrlichia</i>Infection in Ticks in Borderline of Iran-Afghanistan

Anaplasmosis, a disease caused by various species of Anaplasma, poses important economic constraints to animal breeders. Ehrlichiosis is a worldwide zoonosis illness and mostly occurs in tropical and subtropical regions that are close to the vector’s distribution. Tick-borne pathogens lead to over 100,000 cases of illness in the world each year. Besides the costs of the additional veterinary care, anaplasmosis causes abortion in animals, reduction of milk production, body weight, and frequently leads to death. In this study, we investigated on infection of ticks to Anaplasma and Ehrlichia pathogens in Zabol and Zahak County in Sistan and Baluchestan Province where is bordered with Afghanistan. Totally from June 2013 to May 2014, 369 ticks were caught from goats, cows and sheep. Molecular studies on 53 of these samples which represented all specimens, showed that Ehrlichia’s DNA and Anaplasma’s DNA was found in 14 (26.4%) out of the 53 selected specimens. The results showed the infection of Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Hyalomma anatolicum with Anaplasma ovis. Also we saw infection of H. anatolicum and H. asiaticum ticks to Ehrlichia spp. This study has been intended to do a comprehensive survey of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma distribution in ticks caught from east of Iran;it was designed to investigate the presence of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in Zabol and Zahak Counties, Iran. These results show that these pathogens should be controlled in such regions.

Subcutaneous Dissociative Conscious Sedation (sDCS) an Alternative Method of Anesthesia for Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy

Objective: Current randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and side effects of dissociative conscious sedation and conscious sedation in patients under bronchoscopy. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 110 patients scheduled for Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in a training hospital in 2012 were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either SC ketamine plus IV fentanyl (dissociative conscious sedation) or placebo plus IV fentanyl (conscious sedation) and the efficacy and side effects were assessed and compared. Results: There was significant difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in two groups and more stability was shown in dissociative conscious sedation group (P < 0.05). Also the incidence of cough, the need to extra dose of fentanyl and recall showed less frequency in dissociative conscious sedation group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Totally, according to the obtained results, it may be concluded that Subcutaneous Dissociative Conscious Sedation (sDCS) in comparison to Conscious Sedation is significantly more efficient accompanied by less side effects in fiberoptic bronchoscopy and using this method is recommended. Implication of the Manuscript: The study was designed in order to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous Dissociative Conscious Sedation (sDCS) Method in fiberoptic bronchoscopy.