Ligliptin for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with early renal injury: Efficacy and impact on endogenous hydrogen sulfide and endothelial function

BACKGROUND Diabetes is a clinically common chronic disease,and its incidence has been increasing in recent years.Diabetes is believed to accelerate the process of atherosclerosis in patients,and abnormal endothelial function is an important factor leading to diabetic kidney damage.AIM To investigate the efficacy of ligliptin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with early renal injury and its effect on serum endogenous hydrogen sulfide(H2S),endothelial cell particles,and endothelial function.METHODS From January 2018 to April 2019,110 patients with T2DM and early kidney injury treated at our hospital were divided into an observation group(receiving ligliptin treatment,n=54)and a control group(receiving gliquidone therapy,n=56).Blood glucose and renal function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The differences in fasting blood glucose,2 h blood glucose,and glycated hemoglobin were not statistically significant between the two groups after treatment.The urinary albumin excretion rate after treatment in the ligliptin group was 70.32±11.21μg/min,which was significantly lower than that of the gliquidone group(P=0.000).Serum endogenous H2S and endothelial cell microparticles of the ligliptin treatment group were 40.04±8.82 mol/L and 133.40±34.39,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the gliquidone treatment group(P=0.000 for both);endothelin-dependent diastolic function and nitric oxide after treatment in the ligliptin group were 7.98%±1.22%and 190.78±30.32 mol/L,significantly higher than those of the gliquidone treatment group(P=0.000 for both).CONCLUSION Ligliptin treatment of T2DM with early renal injury has the same glucoselowering effect as gliquidone treatment.Ligliptin treatment has a better effect and it can significantly improve the renal function and vascular endothelial function of patients,and reduce serum endogenous H2S and endothelial cell particle levels.

Exploration of computerized image processing in underexposed and overexposed X-rays of bones and joints

Objective: To study the effective computerized image processing of underexposed and overexposed X-rays of bones and joints. Methods: Ninety-nine conventional X-ray images (82 were overexposed and 17 were underexposed),scanned by an UMAX Astra 4000U Scanner, were converted into digital images on the basis of their analog images. A computerized imaging processing program consisting of five functional modules such as Contrast Stretch, Fast Flourier Transform (FFT), Image Smoothing Modules, Inverse Fast Flourier Transform (IFFT) and Nonlinear Transform performed image contrast stretch and smoothing. Three senior doctors from hospital image sections made their evaluation of all the processed images. Results: Of 82 overexposed films, 71 met the clinical requirements after image processing, and 11 were unable to be applied to clinical diagnosis, accounting for 87% and 13% respectively. Of the other 17 underexposed X-ray images, 11 met the clinical requirements while 6 were not, making a percentage of 64 and 35. Conclusion: Image contrast stretch and smoothing processing are significantly effective on conventional X-ray images which were inappropriately exposed, and can avoid more X-ray radiation caused by handling of radiological photograph again. This method can decrease hospital cost and provide acute and effective X-ray examinations for the treatment and cure for critical patients.

Study on the Changes of Serum Vaspin Level and its Regulatory Mechanism in Patients with Thyroid Dysfunction

Objective:To study the changes of serum vaspin levels in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism,and the correlation between serum vaspin and FT3,FT4,TSH and HOMA-IR.Methods:According to the diagnostic criteria of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism published in the 8th edition of internal medicine,the patients were divided into hyperthyroidism group(n=47),male 14,female 33,average age(35+9)years;hypothyroidism group:23 hypothyroidism patients,7 males and 16 females,with an average age of(38+10)years.The blood pressure,height and weight of all the participants were measured by a specially assigned person,and the body mass index(BMI-weight(kg)/height(M)and ankle brachial index(ABI)were calculated.Venous blood samples were drawn from all subjects after fasting for 8 hours in the moring to determine biochemical indexes.Fasting insulin(fins)was measured by chemiluminescence method,insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR,HOMA-IR==FPGx fins/22.5)was calculated by homeostasis model assessment(HOMA-IR),and HbA1c was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography.The levels of FT3,FT4 and TSH were detected by radioimmunoassay.Serum vaspin levels were measured by ELISA Results:The level of BMI in hypothyroidism group was significantly higher than that in hyperthyroidism group and control group(P<0.01),BMI level in hyperthyroidism group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05),FT3 and FT41evels in hyperthyroidism group were significantly higher than those in hypothyroidism group and control group(P<0.01),TSH level in hypothyroidism group was significantly higher than that in control group and hyperthyroidism group(P<0.01).The level of FPG in byperthyroidism group was significantly higher than that in contro1 group(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between bhyperthyroidism group and hypothyroidism group.and fins level in hypothyroidism group was significantly higher than that in contro1 group and hyperthyroidism group(P<0.01).The leve1 of HOMA-IR in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.01).Compared with the control group and the control group,the blood 1ipid indexes(TC,LDL-Q)in the hyperthyroidism group were lower than tlose in the control group and hypothyroidism group(P<0.01),and all the blood 1ipid indexes in the hypothyroidism group were significantly different from those in the control group(P<0.01).The vaspin level of hyperthyroidism group was significantly higher than that of control group and bypothyroidism group,and the latter two groups showed that the level of vaspin in hypothyroidism group was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that serum vaspin was positively correlated with FT3 and FT4(r=0.255,P=0.005;r=0.327,P=0.001),and negatively correlated with BMI,TC and HDL(r=-0.250,P=0.006;r=-0.244,P=0.007;r=0.258,P=0.004).).Conclusion:Serum vaspin 1eve1 is related to thyroid function.The 1evel of serum vaspin increases in hyperthyroidism and decreases in hypothyroidism.Abnormal changes of fat factor vaspin are associated with thyroid dysfunction.

Development of a high-power blue diode laser for precision vaporization of prostate tissue for the surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia

This paper explores the advancement and application of high-power blue diode lasers in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Addressing the challenges posed by existing techniques,the study focuses on optimizing tissue removal methods.Energy platform for BPH should balance a range of factors,such as operative time,patient conditions,urinary functions,complications,durability,accessibility,and cost,all while prioritizing patient care.Blueray Medical's innovation of high-power blue diode laser systems for BPH surgery is explored,with emphasis on achieving a balance among these considerations.By illustrating the biomedical effects of lasers and their interaction with soft tissues,particularly emphasizing the role of photon absorption by biomolecules and proteins in tissue behavior,this study outlines the advantages of the highpower blue diode laser system.The initial laboratory experiments and clinical results consistently align with our theoretical predictions,especially in terms of tissue vaporization efficiency,tissue coagulation,and bleeding control.In conclusion,blue diode lasers hold potential to enhance surgical outcomes for BPH.Their unique properties offer benefits like improved tissue removal rate and reduced thermal damages.Integrating blue laser technology into BPH protocols could lead to shorter hospital stays,cost savings,and expanded patient eligibility,although rigorous clinical studies are needed to fully understand their benefits and limitations.