Effects of MEK-Specific Inhibitor U0126 on the Conidial Germination,Appressorium Production,and Pathogenicity of Setosphaeria turcica

Systemic studies on the effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signal transduction pathway on the growth and development of Setosphaeria turcica is helpful not only in understanding the molecular mechanism of pathogenhost interaction but also in the effective control of the diseases caused by S. turcica. U0126, the specific MEK inhibitor, is used to treat S. turcica before the observation of the conidial germination, appressorium production, and pathogenicity of the pathogen. There is no significant effect of U0126 on the colony morphology and mycelium growth of the pathogen. After treatment with U0126, the growth of mycelium and conidia are normal, but the conidial germination, appressorium production, and pathogenicity of S. turcica on susceptible corn leaves are significantly inhibited. Under the definite concentration scope, an increase in U0126 concentration increases the inhibition degree of conidial germination and appressorium production, but the inhibition degree decreases with elongation of treatment time. The conidial germination, appressorium production, and pathogenicity of S. turcica on susceptible corn leaves are regulated by the MAPK pathway inhibited by U0126.

Hydrogen Bonding Character Between the Glycine and BF4^-

The hydrogen bonding character between the BF4- and glycine was theoretically studied at the level of B3LYP/6-31＋G^＊, single point energies were performed at the level of B3LYP/6-311＋＋G^＊＊. The relevant geometrical characteristics, energy properties, as well as the characters of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds have been studied. Atoms in molecule theory topological analysis indicated the （3,-1） critical points for hydrogen bonds. In addition, the electron density and Laplacian were in the range suggested for the hydrogen bonds. Especially, the changes of atomic charge, hydrogen upon hydrogen bonds formation dipole moment, enegry as well as volume of the were systemitically discussed.

Theoretical Studies on the Proton Transfer Mechanism in Four-water Hydrated Glycine Complexes

The mp2/6-31＋＋g^＊＊//b3lyp/6-31＋＋g^＊＊ method has been employed to study the proton transfer mechanism in 4H2O-glycine complexes（4W-G）.Compared with bare glycine the four-water hydrated neutral glycine complexes（4W-GN） can turn into the corresponding zwitterionic glycine（4W-GZ） through proton transfer.The most stable conformation of 4W-GZ has a ＂double water-chain＂ structure and is more stable than its corresponding precursor 4W-GN by 0.97 KJ/mol though it is less stable than the most stable 4W-GN by 7.80 KJ/mol.It is a spontaneous reaction to form the most stable conformation of 4W-GZ,and the potential barrier is only 1.97 KJ/mol,so the probability of this reaction is very high and the most stable 4W-GZ may be detected in experiment or in the early stage of experiment.

UNIFORM MEYER SOLUTION TO THE THREE DIMENSIONAL CAUCHY PROBLEM FOR LAPLACE EQUATION

We consider the three dimensional Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation{uxx（x,y,z）＋uyy（x,y,z）＋uzz（x,y,z）=0,x∈R,y∈R,0〈z≤,u（x,y,0）=g（x,y）x∈R,y∈R,uz（x,y,0）=0,x∈R,y∈R,where the data is given at z = 0 and a solution is sought in the region x,y ∈ R,0 〈 z 〈 1. The problem is ill-posed, the solution （if it exists） doesn＇t depend continuously on the initial data. Using Galerkin method and Meyer wavelets, we get the uniform stable wavelet approximate solution. Furthermore, we shall give a recipe for choosing the coarse level resolution.

The Classification of Connected Imprimitive Arc-transitive Graphs on Zp×Zp

The term (di)graph is employed to mean that a graph in question is either a directed graph or an undirected graph. The symbol G(p, r) represents the digraph defined by Chao[1]:V(G(p,r)) = Zp, E(G(p,r)) = {(x,y)|x - y ∈ Hr}, where p is a prime, r is a positive divisor of p - 1 and Hr is the unique subgroup of order r in Aut(Zp).

L-fuzzy Lattice Implication Algebra

This paper introduced the concept of L-fuzzy sub lattice implication algebra and discussed its properties. Proved that the intersection set of a family of L-fuzzy sub lattice implication algebras is a L-fuzzy sub lattice implication algebra, that a L-fuzzy sub set of a lattice implication algebra is a L-fuzzy sub lattice implication algebra if and only if its every cut set is a sub lattice implication algebra, and that the image and original image of a L-fuzzy sub lattice implication algebra under a lattice implication homomorphism are both L-fuzzy sub lattice implication algebras.

Reconsider Confucius＇ enlightening reflection： Implications on heuristic teaching

Western heuristic teaching method was originated from Socrates who initiated the teaching mode of ＂teachers ask, students answer＂. A distinctive feature of this mode was that teachers were the decisive factor in the process of teaching and learning, who raised the questions at the very beginning and gave conclusions in the end. On the contrary, oriental style of heuristic teaching method based itself on the principle that students put forward their puzzles and then asked the teachers for advice. This paper will reconsider Confucius enlightening reflection and probe into how to develop students＇ ability of thinking by questioning strategies in the heuristic teaching methodology.

Critique on the four levels of cross-cultural awareness

As the intercultural communication has become a common practice, the cross-cultural awareness has been increasingly important. Robert G Hanvey divided the cross-cultural awareness into four levels. This paper tries to analyze the reasonability of his division with some specific examples.

The Understanding and Development of“Curriculum Gamification”and“Curriculum-Based Game”Concepts in Chinese Kindergartens

Games are one of the basic activities in kindergartens,so what do“Curriculum gamification”and“Curriculum based Game”mean?Could kindergarten games become the curriculum?Combined with the history of curriculum development in China,Piaget’s play-stage theory and Vygotsky’s scaffold teaching theory,this paper discusses the differences in the understanding of the concept of“the transformation of curriculum and games”.Using representative cases in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces as examples,and through the analysis of the reform process of“Curriculum Gamification”and“Curriculum-based Game”in the Early Childhood Education(ECE)field,it was found that further exploration both in concept and practice is required to achieve high quality kindergarten education.

A Design of an Action Research in the Field of Writing

Ⅰ. Background Introduction Tangshan Teachers＇ College, where I work, was promoted from a two-year college to four-year college only two years ago through the evaluation of Ministry of Education of China. Its academic atmosphere is quite teaching-based with inadequate attention and effort for research. Since the promotion, the President and the consultant board have endeavored to alter this situation, and have been laying profound emphasis on the renovation of the teaching and urged the teaching staff to participant in the research and teaching reform as well.