Utilization of winery wastes for Trichoderma viride biocontrol agent production by solid state fermentation

Biocontrol agents are safe and environmental friendly alternatives for pesticides in agriculture application. Trichoderma viride WEBL0703 performed a high level of antagonistic activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens and was determined as a biocontrol agent, which was produced by solid state fermentation using grape marc and wine lees. The maximum yield of T. viride conidia was up to 6.65 × 10^9 CFU/g initial dry substrate （IDS） after 10 d fermentation. As important enzymes for protecting plants from disease, chitinase, β-glucanase, and pectinase yields were 47.8 U/g IDS, 8.32 U/g IDS and 9.83 U/g IDS, respectively. These results show that it is feasible to convert winery wastes to a value-added and environmental friendly biocontrol agent.

Separation,Purification and Characterization of Three Endo-polygalacturonases from a Newly Isolated Penicillum oxalicum

Three endo-polygalacturonases(endoPGs) from a newly isolated Penicillum oxalicum(CGMCC 0907) capable of utilizing waste biomass as growth substrate were separated and purified to homogeneity by ultra-filtration,affinity adsorption chromatography,CM-cellulose column chromatography,and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography with the overall yield of 64.5% from the crude enzyme.The specific activities and recovery rates of endoPG-1,endoPG-2 and endoPG-3 were 1120 U/mg and 21.6%,1350 U/mg and 25.9%,and 1560 U/mg and 17.0%,respectively.The three purified endoPGs had a close molecular weight to 41 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE.The optimum temperature and pH for the function of them were 65℃ and 5.0,55℃ and 5.0,50℃ and 5.5,respectively.Their pI and Km values were 5.9 and 0.78 mg/mL,6.0 and 1.2 mg/mL,and 6.1 and 2.0 mg/mL,respectively.

Refinement of an Inequality for the Generalized Logarithmic Mean

在这篇文章，我们证明概括对数的平均数严格地是为 p2 并且严格地的 Schurconvex 功能为然后，我们用向量的一种简单 majoricotion 关系为概括对数的吝啬的不平等给不平等的精炼的 R2+.And 上的 P2 的 Schur 凹面功能。