Media and Information Literacy in Inclusive Education: A Team Teaching Concept at the Technische Universitat Dortmund

There is a desideratum in the research about the interdependencies of inclusive education and media education. Digital media can facilitate individualized and cooperative learning. Additionally, digital media can be used to promote inclusion. However, which factors influence the acquisition of media and information literacy in inclusive education? Comparative international studies, e.g., the International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS), show how social challenges, such as participation and handling heterogeneity at school, can be addressed through media. In numerous studies, it becomes apparent that German teachers do not sufficiently see the potential of digital media, especially for the improvement of learning opportunities for individuals with diverse learning requirements. German teachers are not well able to apply digital media appropriately in their lessons. Teachers need to be qualified and to design modern education with accessible media. In Germany, the ratio between available computers and pupils (1:4) is far better than the rate between teaching with and without computers. According to the teacher’s reports, only 9% of teachers are using digital media daily. Approximately 40% use digital media seldom or never. It seems that the cause is a skeptical attitude towards media among teachers, especially in humanities. That may result from missing didactical competences regarding digital media. The idea of Technical Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and extending that explanatory model for teachers’ competencies on the inclusive practices builds the theoretical background for the design of joint seminars by the Research Center Youth-Media-Education as part of the Faculty for Cultural Studies and the Research Cluster Technology for Inclusion and Participation at the University of Dortmund. Prospective teachers should become familiar with this way of collaboration. Already for four years now, a teaching team from these two departments designs collaborative lectures. Inclusive teaching and learning in different contexts are practiced in tutorials with practical approaches as well. In tandems, the students develop a learning situation at school or extracurricular institutions. Afterward, they present it. The presentation focuses on the concept, its teaching and learning conditions, and competence orientation as well as opportunities and limitations.

Performance characteristics of the airlift pump under vertical solid-water-gas flow conditions for conveying centimetric-sized coal particles

In this study,the installation of an airlift pump with inner diameter of 102 mm and length of 5.64 m was utilized to consider the conveying process of non-spherical coal particles with density of 1340 kg/m3 and graining 25-44.5 mm.The test results revealed that the magnitude of increase in the solid transport rate due to the changes in the three tested parameters between compressed air velocity,submergence ratio,and feeding coal possibility was not the same,which are stand in range of 20%,75%,and 40%,respectively.Hence,creating the optimal airlift pump performance is highly dependent on submergence ratio.More importantly,we measured the solid volume fraction using the method of one-way valves in order to minimize the disadvantages of conventional devices,such as fast speed camera and conductivity ring sensor.The results confirmed that the volume fraction of the solid phase in the transfer process was always less than 12%.To validate present experimental data,the existing empirical correlations together with the theoretical equations related to the multiphase flow was used.The overall agreement between the theory and experimental solid delivery results was particularly good instead of the first stage of conveying process.This drawback can be corrected by omitting the role of friction and shear stress at low air income velocity.It was also found that the model developed by Kalenik failed to predict the performance of our airlift operation in terms of the mass flow rate of the coal particles.

FCF-LDH/BiVO_(4)with synergistic effect of physical enrichment and chemical adsorption for efficient reduction of nitrate

Photoelectrochemical NO_(3)^(-)reduction(PEC NITRR)not only provides a promising solution for promoting the global nitrogen cycle,but also converts NO_(3)^(-)to the important chemicals(NH_(3)).However,it is still a great challenge to prepare catalysts with excellent NO_(3)^(-)adsorption/activation capacity to achieve high NITRR.Herein,we designed a novel Fe^(2+)~Cu^(2+)Fe^(3+)LDH/BiVO_(4)(FCF-LDH/BVO)catalyst with synergistic effect of chemical adsorption and physical enrichment.Fe^(2+)in FCF-LDH/BVO provides the rich Lewis acid sites for the adsorption of NO_(3)^(-),and the appropriate layer spacing of FCF-LDH further promotes the physical enrichment of NO_(3)^(-)in its interior,thus realizing the effective contact between NO_(3)^(-)and active sites(Fe^(2+)).FCF-LDH/BVO showed excellent NH_(3)production performance(FE_(NH_(3))=66.1%,r_(NH_(3))=13.8μg h^(-1)cm^(-2))and selectivity(FE_(NO_(2)^(-))=2.5%,r_(NO_(2)^(-))=4.9μg h^(-1)cm^(-2))in 0.5 mol L^(-1)Na_(2)SO_(4)electrolyte.In addition,FCF-LDH/BVO maintains the desirable PEC stability for six cycle experiments,showing great potential for practical application.The^(14)NO_(3)^(-)and^(15)NO_(3)^(-)isotope test provides strong evidence for further verification of the origin of N in the generated NH_(3).This LDH catalyst has a great potential in PEC removal of NO_(3)^(-)from groundwater.

Dynamic convergent shock compression initiated by return current in high-intensity laser-solid interactions

We investigate the dynamics of convergent shock compression in solid cylindrical targets irradiated by an ultrafast relativistic laser pulse.Our particle-in-cell simulations and coupled hydrodynamic simulations reveal that the compression process is initiated by both magnetic pressure and surface ablation associated with a strong transient surface return current with density of the order of 10^(17) A/m^(2) and lifetime of 100 fs.The results show that the dominant compression mechanism is governed by the plasma β,i.e.,the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic pressure.For targets with small radius and low atomic number Z,the magnetic pressure is the dominant shock compression mechanism.According to a scaling law,as the target radius and Z increase,the surface ablation pressure becomes the main mechanism generating convergent shocks.Furthermore,an indirect experimental indication of shocked hydrogen compression is provided by optical shadowgraphy measurements of the evolution of the plasma expansion diameter.The results presented here provide a novel basis for the generation of extremely high pressures exceeding Gbar(100 TPa)to enable the investigation of high-pressure physics using femtosecond J-level laser pulses,offering an alternative to nanosecond kJ-laser pulse-driven and pulsed power Z-pinch compression methods.

炭棒与生物质棒稳态阴燃特性对比

为研究炭与生物质稳态阴燃的特性差异,对不同直径(2~8mm)的炭棒与绝干、空干生物质棒竖直向下的阴燃进行了试验,并编写程序计算了棒状燃料阴燃过程的耗氧速率。结果表明:(1)所制炭棒与生物质棒均能自行调节反应区形状以维持稳态阴燃。(2)炭棒的阴燃传播速度约为生物质棒的4.2倍,最高温度比生物质棒高约50℃,反应区长度约为相应生物质棒的3.8倍,燃料消耗速率约为生物质棒的2.4倍。(3)计算和试验烟气轮廓吻合较好,炭棒耗氧速率约为生物质棒的3.4倍。研究结果可为稳态阴燃机理的深入研究及应用中燃料选择提供参考。

Evaluation of airlift pump performance for vertical conveying of coal particles

One of the crucial aspects of reducing air consumption when conveying particles with an airlift pump is to know the factors that affect the process of particle motion at an initial velocity of zero.To determine the influence of submer-gence ratio and physical properties of particles(such as size,shape,and mass)on the onset of vertical particle motion,the airlift pump was taken as the research object,and spherical glass together with irregular shaped coal were used as experimental test particles.The results show that unlike the water-solid environment,the start of particle motion in the water-air mixture does not always occur at a certain value of superficial water velocity and this value also increases with increasing submergence level.Among the parameters considered,the role of submergence ratio is much more effective than the dimensions and the shape of the particle,because by increasing submergence from 0.3 to 0.8,it is possible to reduce air consumption by up to 8 times.Based on this study the corresponding theoretical model derived by Fujimoto et al.is optimized,wherein the overall agreement between the modified theory and present experimental data is particularly good.Contrary to Fujimoto,the minimum superficial water velocity for lifting solids in the air-water mixture is not always smaller than water ambient which indicates on optimum submergence ratio higher than 0.7.Finally,a new criterion was introduced to describe the moment of onset of the particle motion as a function of the superficial fluid velocity ratio for each submergence value.

Tracking the phase transformation and microstructural evolution of Sn anode using operando synchrotron X-ray energy-dispersive diffraction and X-ray tomography

Tin(Sn)holds great promise as an anode material for next-generation lithium(Li)ion batteries but suffers from massive volume change and poor cycling performance.To clarify the dynamic chemical and microstructural evolution of Sn anode during lithiation and delithiation,synchrotron X-ray energydispersive diffraction and X-ray tomography are simultaneously employed during Li/Sn cell operation.The intermediate Li-Sn alloy phases during de/lithiation are identified,and their dynamic phase transformation is unraveled which is further correlated with the volume variation of the Sn at particle-and electrode-level.Moreover,we find that the Sn particle expansion/shrinkage induced particle displacement is anisotropic:the displacement perpendicular to the electrode surface(z-axis)is more pronounced compared to the directions(x-and y-axis)along the electrode surface.This anisotropic particle displacement leads to an anisotropic volume variation at the electrode level and eventually generates a net electrode expansion towards the separator after cycling,which could be one of the root causes of mechanical detachment and delamination of electrodes during long-term operation.The unraveled chemical evolution of Li-Sn and deep insights into the microstructural evolution of Sn anode provided here could guide future design and engineering of Sn and other alloy anodes for high energy density Li-and Na-ion batteries.

Structural survey of metal-covalent organic frameworks and covalent metal-organic frameworks

This review offers an overview of the latest developments in metal-covalent organic framework(MCOF)and covalent metal-organic framework(CMOF)materials,whose construction entails a combination of reversible coordination and covalent bonding adapted from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent organic frameworks(COFs),respectively.With an emphasis on the MCOF and CMOF structures,this review surveys their building blocks and topologies.Specifically,the frameworks are classified based on the dimensions of their components(building blocks),namely,discrete building blocks and one-dimensional infinite building blocks.For the first category,the materials are further divided into collections of two-and three-dimensional networks based on their topologies.For the second category,the recently emerging MCOFs with woven structures are covered.Finally,the state-of-the-art in MCOF and CMOF chemistry has been laid out for promising avenues in future developments.

Insights into the adsorption performance and mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ)onto porous nanocomposite prepared from gossans and modified coal interface:Steric,energetic,and thermodynamic parameters interpretations

Herein,iron oxide/hydroxides deposits(gossans)were utilized,for the first time,in the fabrication of magnetite nanoparticles(MNPs)to load modified coal(MC).The as-synthesized MNPs@MC composite was characterized via different techniques and utilized for the Cr(Ⅵ)remediation.Experimental studies supported by theoretical treatment were applied to offer a new overview of the Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption geometry and mechanism at 25-45℃.Experimental results suggested that the Cr(Ⅵ)uptake was mainly governed by adsorption-reduction coupled mechanism.The Langmuir model fitted well the Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption data with maximum adsorption capacities extended from 115.24 to 129.63 mg·g^(-1).Theoretical calculations indicated that Cr(Ⅵ)ions were adsorbed on the MNPs@MC following the theory of the advanced monolayer statistical model.The number of ions removed per site ranged from 1.88 to1.23 suggesting the involvement of vertical geometry and multi-ionic mechanism at all temperatures.The increment of the active sites density and the adsorption capacity at saturation with improving temperature reflected an endothermic process.Energetically,the Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption was controlled by physical forces as the adsorption energies were less than 40 kJ·mol^(-1).The calculated free enthalpy,entropy.and internal energy explained the spontaneous nature and the viability of Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption on the MNPs@MC adsorbent.These results offer a new approach in utilizing the iron-rich deposits as gossans in the preparation of magnetic and low-cost adsorbents for wastewater remediation.

Stochastic Analysis for the Dynamics of a Poliovirus Epidemic Model

Most developing countries such as Afghanistan,Pakistan,India,Bangladesh,and many more are still fighting against poliovirus.According to the World Health Organization,approximately eighteen million people have been infected with poliovirus in the last two decades.In Asia,still,some countries are suffering from the virus.The stochastic behavior of the poliovirus through the transition probabilities and non-parametric perturbation with fundamental properties are studied.Some basic properties of the deterministic model are studied,equilibria,local stability around the stead states,and reproduction number.Euler Maruyama,stochastic Euler,and stochastic Runge-Kutta study the behavior of complex stochastic differential equations.The main target of this study is to develop a nonstandard computational method that restores dynamical features like positivity,boundedness,and dynamical consistency.Unfortunately,the existing methods failed to fix the actual behavior of the disease.The comparison of the proposed approach with existing methods is investigated.

The key challenges and future opportunities of electrochemical capacitors

Electrochemical capacitors(ECs)with unique merits of fast charge/discharge rate and long cyclability are one of the representative electrochemical energy storage systems,possessing wide applications in power electronics and automotive transportation,etc.[1,2].Furthermore.

Deep Bimodal Fusion Approach for Apparent Personality Analysis

Personality distinguishes individuals’ patterns of feeling, thinking,and behaving. Predicting personality from small video series is an excitingresearch area in computer vision. The majority of the existing research concludespreliminary results to get immense knowledge from visual and Audio(sound) modality. To overcome the deficiency, we proposed the Deep BimodalFusion (DBF) approach to predict five traits of personality-agreeableness,extraversion, openness, conscientiousness and neuroticism. In the proposedframework, regarding visual modality, the modified convolution neural networks(CNN), more specifically Descriptor Aggregator Model (DAN) areused to attain significant visual modality. The proposed model extracts audiorepresentations for greater efficiency to construct the long short-termmemory(LSTM) for the audio modality. Moreover, employing modality-based neuralnetworks allows this framework to independently determine the traits beforecombining them with weighted fusion to achieve a conclusive prediction of thegiven traits. The proposed approach attains the optimal mean accuracy score,which is 0.9183. It is achieved based on the average of five personality traitsand is thus better than previously proposed frameworks.

Binary fluids in mesoporous materials: Phase separation studied by NMR relaxation and diffusion

Relaxation and diffusion measurements were carried out on single and binary liquids filling the pore space of controlled porous glass Vycor with an average pore size of about 4 nm.The dispersion of the longitudinal relaxation time Tr is discussed as a means to identify liquid-surface interaction based on existing models developed for metal-free glass surfaces.In addition,the change of T1 and T2 with respect to their bulk values is discussed,in particular T2 serves as a probe for the strength of molecular interactions.As the native glass surface is polar and contains a large amount of hydroxyl groups,a pronounced interaction of polar and protic adsorbate liquids is expected;however,the T dispersion,and the corresponding reduction of T2,are also observed for non-polar liquids such as alkanes and cyclohexane.Deuterated liquids are employed for simplifying data analysis in binary systems,but also for separating the respective contributions of intra-and intermolecular interactions to the overall relaxation rate.Despite the lack of paramagnetic impurities in the glass material,H and 2H relaxation dispersions of equivalent molecules are frequently found to differ from each other,suggesting intermolecular relaxation mechanisms for the'H nuclei.The variation of the T dispersion when comparing single and binary systems gives clear evidence for the preferential adsorption of one of the two liquids,suggesting complete phase separation in several cases.Measurement of the apparent tortuosity by self-diffusion experiments supports the concept of a local variation of sample composition within the porespace.

The NMR core analyzing tomograph:a multi-functional tool for non-destructive testing of building materials

NMR is becoming increasingly popular for the investigation of building materials as it is a non-invasive technology that does not require any sample preparation nor causes damage to the material.Depending on the specific application it can offer insights into properties like porosity and spatial saturation degree as well as pore structure.Moreover it enables the determination of moisture transport properties and the(re-)distribution of internal moisture into different reservoirs or chemical phases upon damage and curing.However,as yet most investigations were carried out using devices originally either designed for geophysical applications or the analysis of rather homogeneous small scale(<10 mL)samples.This paper describes the capabilities of an NMR tomograph,which has been specifically optimized for the investigation of larger,heterogeneous building material samples(diameters of up to 72 mm,length of up to 700 mm)with a high flexibility due to interchangeable coils allowing for a high SNR and short echo times(50-80 ms).

Editorial

Porous media are ubiquitous and characterized by a wide range of distinct morphological and topographical properties,often difficult to access by conventional methods.As a unique technology,magnetic resonance has been applied extensively for several decades to non-invasively characterize the structure,interactions and dynamics of fluids in porous media,as well as these media themselves.It does this via spectroscopy,relaxometry,diffusion,or imaging modalities.This special issue is dedicated to an editorial and a selection of outstanding talks/posters presented at the 15th International Bologna Conference Magnetic Resonance in Porous Media(MRPM15).

西藏纳木错深水湖芯反映的8·4ka以来气候环境变化

利用地震剖面仪和回声测深仪调查了纳木错大部分湖区的水深和沉积物厚度分布,并在湖区东部水深60m的湖盆利用PISTON采样器获得一个332cm长的钻孔。对该钻孔进行了12个AMS14C年代测定,并进行了日历年龄校正和“碳库”效应估算,根据沉积物平均粒径建立了整个钻孔的深度-年代模式。对该钻孔进行了有机碳、总氮、正构烷烃、粒度、元素地球化学、碳酸钙和矿物等环境指标的分析,结果显示8·4ka以来湖区环境变化可以分为明显的3个阶段。早期约8400～6400aB·P.,以温度缓慢下降为主,但在8100～7800aB·P.出现一次显著的冷干事件;中期为6400～2900aB·P.,其开始显示了温暖湿润的环境特点,在6000aB·P.左右出现最强的暖湿特征后其后期转向冷干,在3000～2900aB·P.达到寒冷和干旱的低谷,反映了新冰期时期的温度强烈下降和降水的分配不均;晚期从2900aB·P.到现在,尽管温度出现回升,但总体上显示了向冷干波动变化的趋势,期间第一次降温在1800～1600aB·P.,之后温度回升后在600～300aB·P.再次下降,前者反映了公元初期的降温,后者则是小冰期的反映。

多相流和湍流模型对平板膜生物反应器模拟的影响

相分布和速度场是浸没式MBR的流体力学特征的核心,这些特征能够通过CFD的多相流模型和湍流模型低成本、高精度地分析。因此,针对浸没式MBR优化结构、缓解膜污染和降低能耗的需求,以MBR流场的快速准确模拟为目标,以国内外3家主要商用浸没式平板MBR为对象,比较了不同多相流、湍流模型对浸没式平板MBR流场、相分布和计算成本的影响,并进行了模拟验证。结果表明,3家国内外浸没式平板MBR的空间构型多根据厂家推荐值设计,其长宽比为1.37±0.63,高径比为0.97±0.23。商用平板MBR的模拟与验证结果表明:①多相流模型对相分布、流场和速度分布的影响比湍流模型更显著,且VOF模型与standard k-ε的模型组合可更为快速准确地模拟浸没式平板MBR的流场特征;②多相流模型选择是计算成本至关重要的影响因素。6核计算时,VOF模型的CPU时间为mixture模型的5.5~3.2倍,realizable k-ε的CPU时间为standard k-ε的1.0~1.1倍。

论中国早寒武世原牙形类和牙形状化石--分类评述和地层意义

原牙形类和牙形状化石是早寒武世微小骨骼化石中非常特征的一个类群。自二十世纪70年代以来,这些齿状的微型磷质骨片化石在中国下寒武统含小壳化石地层中被大量发现,据统计已描述有25属52种。通过文中的评述和讨论,证实其中的一些属种是次异名或属于无效的分类名称,还有一些在归属上尚存在疑问。通过对原牙形类和牙形状化石定义的讨论,将先前指定为原牙形类的13个属进行了分类评述。表明其中的5个属是次异名,还有2个属是未知的节肢动物。其它的12个牙形状化石属中也有5个属是次异名,它们不仅显示了有多种动物亲缘的牙形状形态,而且大多属于绝灭生物,只有Beshtashella和Paraformitchella(=Beshtashella)被指定为软体动物。文中还简要地讨论了大多数属的时空分布,包括3个阶段的原牙形类地层分布,这不仅具有划分对比地层的意义,而且还反映了原牙形类的演化趋势。

高寒冰雪覆盖型和湿润亚热带型岩溶水系统碳汇强度对比

以岩性相近但气候和土地利用迥异的两个具有高分辨率水文水化学自动监测数据的岩溶水系统——湿润亚热带以土质坡地为主的岩溶水系统(贵州普定后寨岩溶水系统)和高寒冰雪覆盖下以石质坡地为主的岩溶水系统(瑞士阿尔卑斯山区的Tsanfleuron冰川岩溶水系统)作为研究对象,进行岩溶作用碳汇强度对比研究。结果发现,后寨岩溶水系统的[HCO3-]年均值为222mg/L,而Tsanfleuron冰川岩溶水系统的[HCO3-]年均值仅为131mg/L,表明湿润亚热带岩溶水系统具有较高的[HCO3-]特征。然而,湿润亚热带岩溶水系统的碳汇强度(60.82t/(km2·a))与Tsanfleuron冰川岩溶水系统的碳汇强度(59.06t/(km2·a))相当。冰川岩溶水系统同样具有较高岩溶作用碳汇强度的原因主要是在全球变暖的背景下,冰川退缩加剧,冰川固体水库水量释放增多,致使冰川岩溶水系统径流量显著增加效应超出因稀释作用而产生的[HCO3-]降低效应,进而使得山岳冰川岩溶水系统的碳汇强度增大。这也暗示着随着某些冰川融化,径流量逐渐减小将使岩溶作用碳汇强度降低。

早寒武世疑难化石Rhombocorniculum的刺壁微细结构及形态功能分析

通过研究陕南早寒武世疑难化石Rhombocorniculum cancellatum,首次发现其骨片主要由左型和右型两类刺体组成,两类刺体在样品中数量相近,指示它们为某类两侧对称的动物所有,研究发现其刺壁主要由中空的纤状管体组成,纤管的壁由微晶磷灰石组成,相邻纤管之间相互共壁;横断面观察呈多孔状,管孔在刺体基部断面直径较大,向顶端变小,纵断面可见纤管的延伸方向与刺体纵轴一致,刺壁微细结构及刺体的表面装饰皆不同于原牙形刺化石,难以解释为动物的捕食器官(刺),而可能为某类后生动物躯体表面的、起着防御功能的外骨骼。