Landslides are a natural phenomenon that happens all around the world. When happening in urban areas they become a disaster, disrupting the lifestyle of a community or society. Human losses, social impacts, and struct...Landslides are a natural phenomenon that happens all around the world. When happening in urban areas they become a disaster, disrupting the lifestyle of a community or society. Human losses, social impacts, and structural damage are some of the landslide’s effects. The current climate variability shows an increase in extreme weather conditions, either with long periods of drought or heavy and long-term rainfall. In Brazil, landslides are one of the deadliest disasters;they are usually preceded and triggered by heavy rainfall and already have affected more than 4 million people. Moreover, with the population growth, areas with high declivities have been occupied and turned into urban areas. Those people living there are vulnerable to suffering from landslides, losing their homes, and in extreme cases, losing their life. The identification and monitoring of landslide-prone areas are crucial to avoid disasters. Several advanced models, with different approaches, were developed to identify the landslide-prone areas. Aiming to decide the model that provides more satisfactory results, this paper presents a literature review of the applicability and limitations of three advanced models. The three models are Sinmap, Shalstab and TRIGRS. The analysis determined that all three models are adequate for stability management in slope areas. Moreover, TRIGRS results are more accurate than Shalstab, and the Sinmap model provides an over-estimation of landslide-prone areas.展开更多
Understanding the holistic relationship between refinery production scheduling(RPS) and the cyber-physical production environment with smart scheduling is a new question posed in the study of process systems engineeri...Understanding the holistic relationship between refinery production scheduling(RPS) and the cyber-physical production environment with smart scheduling is a new question posed in the study of process systems engineering. Here, we discuss state-of-the-art RSPs in the crude-oil refining field and present examples that illustrate how smart scheduling can impact operations in the high-performing chemical process industry. We conclude that, more than any traditional off-the-shelf RPS solution available today, flexible and integrative specialized modeling platforms will be increasingly necessary to perform decentralized and collaborative optimizations,since they are the technological alternatives closer to the advanced manufacturing philosophy.展开更多
文摘Landslides are a natural phenomenon that happens all around the world. When happening in urban areas they become a disaster, disrupting the lifestyle of a community or society. Human losses, social impacts, and structural damage are some of the landslide’s effects. The current climate variability shows an increase in extreme weather conditions, either with long periods of drought or heavy and long-term rainfall. In Brazil, landslides are one of the deadliest disasters;they are usually preceded and triggered by heavy rainfall and already have affected more than 4 million people. Moreover, with the population growth, areas with high declivities have been occupied and turned into urban areas. Those people living there are vulnerable to suffering from landslides, losing their homes, and in extreme cases, losing their life. The identification and monitoring of landslide-prone areas are crucial to avoid disasters. Several advanced models, with different approaches, were developed to identify the landslide-prone areas. Aiming to decide the model that provides more satisfactory results, this paper presents a literature review of the applicability and limitations of three advanced models. The three models are Sinmap, Shalstab and TRIGRS. The analysis determined that all three models are adequate for stability management in slope areas. Moreover, TRIGRS results are more accurate than Shalstab, and the Sinmap model provides an over-estimation of landslide-prone areas.
文摘Understanding the holistic relationship between refinery production scheduling(RPS) and the cyber-physical production environment with smart scheduling is a new question posed in the study of process systems engineering. Here, we discuss state-of-the-art RSPs in the crude-oil refining field and present examples that illustrate how smart scheduling can impact operations in the high-performing chemical process industry. We conclude that, more than any traditional off-the-shelf RPS solution available today, flexible and integrative specialized modeling platforms will be increasingly necessary to perform decentralized and collaborative optimizations,since they are the technological alternatives closer to the advanced manufacturing philosophy.
