Impact of the Food Subsidy on the Academic Performance of Low-Income Primary Education Students in Mexico

The Program of Cocinas Comunitarias in the state of Oaxaca,Mexico benefits children aged 6 to 12 who attend primary education schools in low-income municipalities.It is hoped that this food assistance program will allow children to learn better and develop learning skills.In this way,a significant reduction in the grade failure rates and dropout rates is expected,which will be reflected in a higher graduation efficiency rates.In fact,the contribution of this work consists of a methodology for the analysis of the impact of the food subsidy on the academic performance of low-income primary education students.In this sense,a multivariate model was constructed to analyze the interrelationships between grade failure,dropout,graduation efficiency rates,food subsidy,and the socio-demographic characteristics of the population that attends primary education.The Mexican government expects from this program that the more low-income children complete primary education,the more likely that a higher number of adolescents will complete high school education.This scheme is very important for the country’s half population living in poverty and especially in Oaxaca State which is one of poorest states.

Subjective Well-Being Model for Urban Mexico and Applications

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the analysis of subjective well-being in the cities of Mexico through the theoretical formalization and empirical verification of a quantitative model.The variables come from the constructs of the self-reported well-being module(BIARE);and they are called:overall satisfaction with life,sense of fullness,affect balance,and satisfaction domains.The equations were constructed using ordinary least squares regression with the BIARE databases of 2014 and 2017.The analysis of the behavior pattern of variables conduced to findings of urban society’s expectations of well-being and concerns in the period analyzed.Variables quality of life-and-self-realization and overall satisfaction with life have the greatest weight in the model equations.Besides,it was determined that emotional balance and citizen security condition the model.Finally,a relevant finding was that religion restricts the sense of fulness since it represents a well-being project with an opposite logic.

Modeling Violence Among and Against University Students in a Mexican Medium-Sized City

Violence against university students and among them is analyzed on campus and the household as well as the relationships of violence between these two social spaces.The study was undertaken through an anonymous random survey in the two larger public universities in a Mexican medium-sized city.Overall violence and types of violence-verbal,psychological,sexual,and physical-were evaluated by sex and by universities;and the aggressors were identified.A students’concept of violence was built,considering causes of intimate-partner violence,violence in general and ethical judgment on gender violence.Finally,it was measured the relationships between violence on campus and in the household using bivariate statistical analysis.Findings indicate the main aggressors on campus are classmates and professors,whereas in the household are the mother,relatives together with the parents and relatives without the parents.On-campus,there were found statistically significant associations between professors-aggressors and students as victims of violence by sex.In the household,the bivariate analysis confirmed mothers as single aggressors and fathers exerting violence together with relatives against student-children;and direct relationships between on-campus(psychological and sexual violence)and domestic(physical and sexual violence).

Strategies of Mexican Rural Communities to Entry in the Local and Global Markets

This paper highlights the main features of the economy of rural households in Mexico and analyzes their strategiesto entry in local and global markets. It built a model of household economies using ordinary least squaresregression with data collected through a probabilistic survey in four communities. Especial care was taken to avoidmulticollinearity problems. The study communities are situated in Oaxaca state, Mexico in two contrasting climaticenvironments that present different conditions to access the markets. The resulting model not only identifies thehouseholds＇ market strategies but also measures the impact of households＇ decision-making about allocation ofresources on the household wellbeing. Contrary to the discourse on Mexico-US migration, this paper shows that therural households＇ labor for international migration is shrinking. A process of diversification of income sources isalready going on in rural areas, therefore, households rely increasingly on wages, family businesses, andgovernment transfers; besides, they complement their income with subsistence production and transfers from otherhouseholds. Finally, it was found that in some cases the simultaneous allocation of material and socio-demographicresources to economic activities and labor markets could restrict the increase in household wellbeing if thedemographic structure is already altered.

The potential of starch-chitosan blends with poloxamer for the preparation of microparticles by spray-drying

Using biopolymers as wall materials in spray drying poses challenges,particularly in attaining flowability and thermal stability among their physicochemical properties.This paper addresses these challenges by preparing microparticles using a blend of starch–chitosan and a poloxamer,commercially named Pluronic®F127.We aimed to elucidate the effects of varying poloxamer concentrations on the resulting particles through the spray drying technique.Blends with a poloxamer concentration of 3%(w/v)demonstrated a notably higher yield,especially when compared to those with 0%and 1%concentrations.Microparticles with 3%and 5%(w/v)poloxamer displayed a narrower particle size distribution,with the 3%blend showing a superior yield attributed to arrangements of blend components that improve flowability.X-ray diffraction analysis showcased the characteristic peaks of A-type starch form,with shifts suggesting enhanced interactions between components.Microparticles with increased poloxamer content showed elevated thermal degradation temperatures,with the 3%blend registering a significant rise,opening avenues for encapsulating heat-sensitive bioactive.This study primarily focuses on the preparation and basic characterization of microparticles.It underscores the potential of blends with optimal poloxamer concentrations in microencapsulation,emphasizing further research to harness their capabilities thoroughly.