Shape Analysis of Agricultural Parcels for Land Consolidation Priorities in Tekirdag Province,Turkey

Shape irregularity,a sub-factor of parcel fragmentation is a problem that hinders sustainable agriculture and is solved using land consolidation projects.Determination of the parcel shape degree contributes significantly to spatial prioritization where there is also a high probability of achieving positive effects of consolidation projects.This study aims to determine the shape degree of the agricultural parcels both at singular and rural county scales in Tekirdag Province,Turkey in 2020 by combining the parcel shape index(PSI) with the minimum bounding geometry index(MBG) to improve parcel scores.Hot-spot zones of the highly irregular and near optimum parcels were also determined using Getis-Ord G_(i)^(*) statistic.The parcel degrees were classified into four categories,namely highly irregular,irregular,regular and near optimum.The obtained unweighted scores of the parameters exhibit deviations from the expected values.After weighting by pairwise comparison,the values approached ideal scores.Among 346 740 parcels,53% were highly irregular and irregular and 47% were regular and near optimum shapes after weighting whereas these were 70% and 30%,respectively before weighting.The average parcel degree of 63 rural counties was regular while the average parcel degree of the remaining 264 rural counties was irregular.The combined use of PSI and MBG index improved the correctness of the parcel shape score.It could be suggested to use as a tool in land consolidation prioritization.

Retinal neurodegeneration in metabolic syndrome:a spectral optical coherence tomography study

AIM:To evaluate the effects of metabolic syndrome(Met S)on retinal neurodegeneration by optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS:Patients diagnosed as Met S were compared with the age and sex-matched healthy control group(CG).Waist circumference measurements,fasting serological biochemical tests,and systemic blood pressures of all participants were evaluated.The Met S group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the number of Met S components:hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia(low-,high-density lipoprotein,hypertriglyceridemia),and visceral obesity findings;3-component Met S3,4-component Met S4,and all-component Met S5.All patients underwent complete eye examination and spectral OCT retinal imaging.RESULTS:Totally 58 eyes of 58 patients were included in the Met S group and 63 eyes of 63 age and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in CG.Met S group was composed of 22 subjects in Met S3,21 subjects in Met S4,and 15 subjects in the Met S5 subgroup.Mean foveal thickness(Met S,218.7±23.1μm vs CG,228.8±21.9μm,P=0.015),mean inferior(Met S,283.4±17.0μm vs CG,288.7±38.4μm,P=0.002),superior(Met S,287.0±18.5μm vs CG 297.3±17.1μm,P=0.001),nasal(Met S 287.3±16.7μm vs CG 297.9±13.9μm,P=0.000)and temporal(274.5±17.6μm vs CG 285.6±13.6μm,P=0.000)thickness in the 3 mm Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)circle was significantly lower in the Met S group.There was no statistically significant difference in the mean inferior,superior,nasal,and temporal thickness of 6 mm ETDRS circle,total macular volume,peripapillary and macular retinal nerve fiber layer,macular ganglion cell layer with inner plexiform layer,and ganglion cell complex.No statistically significant difference was found in these values between the Met S3,Met S4,and the Met S5 groups.CONCLUSION:A significant reduction in central macular region thickness in Met S is detected and macular thickness is more susceptible to Met S induced neurodegeneration than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer.

The prevention role of Spirulina platensis(Arthrospira platensis)on intestinal health

Spirulina is a popular herbal food that has a preventive effect on health.In the study,it aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of Spirulina platensis(Arthrospira platensis)on the morphological properties of the duodenum of rats,and to assign the effect of Spirulina on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)in the rat duodenum,and thereby to observe the effects on intestinal health.30 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups for 45 days.The first group was received the basal diet;the second group was given 500 mg/kg Spirulina daily by oral gavage;the third group was given 1000 mg/kg Spirulina daily.The duodenum segments were taken at the end of the trial and processed for histological assay.Although the total mucosa,villus height and villus/cript ratio were found higher in high dose Spirulina,the lower cript depth was detected in same group compared to control and low dose group.A significant increase was observed at high dose compared to the control and low dose group in terms of PCNA expression intensity and proliferation index.Findings suggest that high dose of Spirulina may support the duodenal growth,and thereby intestinal health.

Solution of Helmholtz Equation Using Finite Differences Method in Wires Have Different Properties along X-Axis

In this paper, frequencies of electromagnetic wave in a conductive wire are investigated theoretically. The conductive wire has specific variable material properties along the length of itself. Furthermore, material properties varying along the length of the wire are determined according to a specific mathematical function. In addition, the central finite difference method is applied to the Maxwell equations. The accuracy of the mode 1 frequency parameter is obtained to be 0.06%. This result can be obtained by assuming the number of conductive wire nodes 20. The obtained results show a very good agreement with the exact solution results.

Architectural Vantage Point to Bioplastics in the Circular Economy

In a circular economy,bio-based plastics or bioplastics as emerging innovative materials are increasingly being used in many industries,from packaging to building materials and agricultural products to electronic and biomedical devices.Further,there is increasing research on the evaluation of bioplastics in architecture,both as a material or as a design element in interior design.Therefore,this article is a step toward understanding the importance of bioplastic materials in circular economies and in architecture regarding the negative carbon footprint and long-term environmental effects of fossil-based plastics.

Rooftop as a Reciprocal Transformation per Diem

This article focuses on rooftop architecture as an interface and confrontation between the inhabitants and the contemporary city of?stanbul.The utilitised rooftop is suggested as an alternative habitable space in high-density urban environments and wherever there is a shortage of housing.The visibility on the rooftop displays signs of the effects of the limit to growth,such as economic factors,and is affected by the environment,and the utilization of space depends on the needs of the inhabitants.In today's conditions,living in rooftop goes beyond the necessity actions such as dominating the landscape,looking,seeing and being seen,and bringing concepts such as social justice and chaos in the city.

Response surface methodology-based parameter optimization of single-cylinder diesel engine fueled with graphene oxide dosed sesame oil/ diesel fuel blend

In this study, an experimental study was carried out to determine the effects of adding different amounts of graphene oxide (GO) on engine characteristics to a single-cylinder diesel engine operating with 30% sesame oil (SO) + 70% diesel fuel mixture. After that, an optimization was carried out with response surface methodology (RSM) to determine optimum operating conditions at different engine loads. Experimental results showed that GO nanoparticle is a good addition for diesel–biodiesel blends to enhance the performance and reduce emissions. The most appropriate amount of GO is between 75 ppm and 100 ppm for the performance characteristics. The optimal amount of GO for power is 75 ppm, while for brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) it is 100 ppm. In addition, the maximum GO amount of 100 ppm is the most suitable for carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC), and 75 ppm GO amount is the most appropriate for nitrogen oxides (NOx). On the other hand, optimization results revealed that 100 ppm GO at 1950 W load was optimum conditions for all responses. The responses that emerged under optimum conditions were 1746.77 W, 968.73 g/ kWh, 259.8 ⁰C, 0.0603%, 23.13 ppm and 185.61 ppm for power, BSFC, EGT, CO, HC, and NOx, respectively. According to the validation study, the error between the optimum and experimental results is 4.69% maximum. According to the findings of study, it can be concluded that the RSM model can successfully model a singlecylinder diesel engine and thus save time, and money.

土耳其文化价值观对领导角色和风格的影响效应

随着社会一体化发展,通过衡量员工的日常行为来探索特定的感知价值如何指导领导行为这一领域需要更为深入的研究。随着土耳其个人价值观发展为集体价值观,它们被视为文化价值观的可能性越来越大,从而转化为对领导角色的期望。本文基于土耳其价值观导致领导风格的变化,从角色理论的角度考虑了领导角色变化的影响。选取样本来源于一个有组织的工业区,该区的移民劳动力较多,且在持续增长。这项研究在土耳其西部进行,调查结果主要涉及土耳其文化价值观方面。这项研究发现,价值观和领导角色之间存在着显著的象征性互动关系(symbolic interaction)。角色和领导风格之间也存在相关性,因为领导者也会影响员工的人际关系角色。在参与决策和信息处理的管理者中,出现了一种专制型的参与式领导风格。