Epidemiology of shoulder dislocations presenting to United States emergency departments:An updated ten-year study

BACKGROUND Glenohumeral dislocation is a common injury that may predispose patients to chronic pain and instability.However,there is a paucity of current data available regarding the epidemiological trends of this injury.AIM To provide an updated,comparative assessment of the epidemiology of shoulder dislocations presenting to emergency departments in the United States.We also sought to analyze patient demographic risk factors and consumer products associated with dislocation events.METHODS Data were obtained from the national electronic injury surveillance system database for glenohumeral dislocations between 2012 and 2021.Incidence,age,sex,and injury characteristics were analyzed using weighted population statistics as well as incidence rates and 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS In total,an estimated 773039 shoulder dislocations(CI:640598-905481)presented to emergency rooms across the United States during the study period.The annual incidence rate was 23.96 per 100000 persons and the average patient age at the time of injury was 37.1 years.Significantly more male patients sustained dislocations than female patients(537189,69.5%,vs 235834,30.5%,P<0.001).With regard to associated consumer products,sports and recreation equipment were involved in the highest proportion of incidents(44.31%),followed by home structures and construction materials(21.22%),and home furnishings,fixtures,and accessories(21.21%).Regarding product sub-groups,stairs,ramps,landings,floors was cited in the greatest number of cases(131745).CONCLUSION The national annual incidence rate of glenohumeral dislocations throughout the study period was approximately 23.92 per 100000 persons.Male adolescents sustained the highest proportion of dislocations,with a peak incidence in age group 15-20 years,predominantly secondary to participation in sporting and recreational activities.Conversely,women experienced a relatively consistent incidence of dislocation throughout their lifespan.After age 63,the incidence rate of dislocations in females was found to surpass that observed in males.

Prevention of heart disease in women: Considerable challenges remain

Although awareness of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as the leading cause of death among U.S. women has improved over the past decade, factors such as obesity, untreated hypertension, diabetes and the lack of access to healthcare services prevent healthcare providers from making additional gains in the fight against heart disease. Due to demographic changes in the U.S., healthcare providers are beginning to acknowledge the challenge of providing quality care to a diverse population. Root causes of health care disparities include variations and lack of provider understanding of health beliefs, cultural values and preferences, and patients’ inability to communicate symptoms in multiple languages. Barriers related to the patient, care provider and the healthcare system are discussed as well as ideas that will help address the challenges we face going forward.

Gas Sensor Based on Interdigitated Gate Electrode Field Effect Transistor

The paper presents a new method for fabricating a gas-sensitive micro-sensor based on MEMS.The primary target agents are nitrogen dioxides (NO_2),and DIMP.Past-per-billion concentration levels of these two chemicals can be detected.An interdigitated gate electrode field-effect transistor (IGEFET) has been coupled with a chemically-active and electron-beam evaporated copper phthaiocyanine (CuPc) thin film to implement a gas-sensitive micro-sensor.The sensor is excited with voltage pulse.Time and frequency-domain response were measured.The magnitude of the normalized difference Fourier transform is distinct distinguished.

RimJ-Catalyzed Sequence-Specific Protein N-Terminal Acetylation in <i>Escherichia coli</i>

In order to establish the sequence dependence of RimJ-mediated protein N-terminal acetylation in E. coli, the Z-domain variants differing by the second or third amino acid residue were expressed and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Only subsequent to the initiating methionine residue cleavage, the RimJ-catalyzed N-terminal acetylation mainly occurred at the N-terminal serine and threonine residues and was significantly enhanced by hydrophobic or negatively charged residues in the penultimate position.

Challenges of Employing VoiceThread to Enhance U.S.Collegiate Chinese Language Learners’Oral Proficiency

The digital age in education inspires Chinese teachers to integrate Web 2.0 technologies into Chinese as a second language(CSL)curricula to enhance teaching effects.However,few studies examine the challenges that teachers face when integrating Web 2.0 technologies to improve student oral proficiency in Chinese.This study aims to investigate students’perceptions of the effectiveness of the Web 2.0 technology VoiceThread(VT).It examines the challenges of integrating VT to enhance student oral proficiency.The authors conducted two studies with 31 students responding to a questionnaire in Study 1 and 48 students responding to the same questionnaire in Study 2.All students are beginner-level CSL learners.Three results were obtained.Result 1 shows that documents and articles report VT as popular and easy to use,however,few teachers employed VT in their teaching practices.Result 2 indicates another discrepancy.Although students highly evaluated the usefulness of the VT-facilitated activities,they were reluctant to perform these activities.By comparing Study 1 and Study 2,the authors obtained Result 3:Students in Study 2 evaluated VT-integrated teaching practices consistently higher than those in Study 1.Teachers’using experiences primarily led these perception differences.This study provides CSL teachers with a vision of the opportunities and challenges that may occur when they integrate Web 2.0 technologies into curricular to improve CSL oral proficiency.

Factors influencing mercury accumulation in three species of forage fish from Caddo Lake, Texas, USA

Most studies that have examined mercury （Hg） contamination of fish have focused on game species feeding near the top of the food web, while studies that examine forage fish that feed near the base of the food web are rare. We conducted a survey of Hg contamination in three species of forage fish, brook silverside （Labidesthes sicculus）, threadfin shad （Dorosoma petenense） and gizzard shad （Dorosoma cepedianum）, from Caddo Lake, Texas, USA and found species-specific differences in Hg concentrations. We examined total length, age, trophic position （determined using δ15N）, and growth rate of forage fish as factors that could have influenced within-and between-species differences in Hg concentration. Total length and age were the best predictors of within-species differences in Hg concentration. Between-species differences in Hg concentrations were most strongly influenced by trophic position.

EScope:Effective Event Validation for IoT Systems Based on State Correlation

Typical Internet of Things(IoT)systems are event-driven platforms,in which smart sensing devices sense or subscribe to events(device state changes),and react according to the preconfigured trigger-action logic,as known as,automation rules.“Events”are essential elements to perform automatic control in an IoT system.However,events are not always trustworthy.Sensing fake event notifications injected by attackers(called event spoofing attack)can trigger sensitive actions through automation rules without involving authorized users.Existing solutions verify events via“event fingerprints”extracted by surrounding sensors.However,if a system has homogeneous sensors that have strong correlations among them,traditional threshold-based methods may cause information redundancy and noise amplification,consequently,decreasing the checking accuracy.Aiming at this,in this paper,we propose“EScope”,an effective event validation approach to check the authenticity of system events based on device state correlation.EScope selects informative and representative sensors using an Neural-Network-based(NN-based)sensor selection component and extracts a verification sensor set for event validation.We evaluate our approach using an existing dataset provided by Peeves.The experiment results demonstrate that EScope achieves an average 67%sensor amount reduction on 22 events compared with the existing work,and increases the event spoofing detection accuracy.

Health care in light of different theories of health——A proposed framework for integrating a social humanistic perspective into health care

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the biomedical,the biopsychosocial, and the social humanistic theories of health and to propose a framework for integrating the latter into health care. In summary, the definitions of health, illness and disease are essential to the practice of health care and play fundamental roles in how patients’ experiences of being ill are valued and assessed within health care systems. Principally, the biomedical perspective proceeds from pathoanatomical deficiencies defining disease and malfunction;the addition of psychosocial components forms a biopsychosocial perspective.In addition, the social humanistic perspective extends from a person’s will, their ability to act, and the possibility to fulfill wanted actions. Thus, health care that does not address the social humanistic perspective may lack the power to describe how these entities are related to the patient on a personal level;thus,the will of the patient is not always fully addressed. Importantly, by targeting the will of the patient and the patient’s ability to act, the proposed framework of integrating a social humanistic perspective into health care may further emphasize and strengthen the interrelatedness of medical perspectives. A framework for integrating a social humanistic perspective into health care is proposed and its potential impact on health care is discussed.

Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots: Optical properties modification and photovoltaic applications

In this work,we utilize a bottom-up approach to synthesize nitrogen self-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) from a single glucosamine precursor via an eco-friendly microwave-assisted hydrothermal method.Structural and optical properties of as-produced NGQDs are further modified using controlled ozone treatment.Ozone-treated NGQDs (Oz-NGQDs) are reduced in size to 5.5 nm with clear changes in the lattice structure and/D//G Raman ratios due to the introduction/alteration of oxygen-containing functional groups detected by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and further verified by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showing increased atomic/weight percentage of oxygen atoms.Along with structural modifications,GQDs experience decrease in ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption coupled with progressive enhancement of visible (up to 16 min treatment) and near-infrared (NIR)(up to 45 min treatment) fluorescence.This allows fine-tuning optical properties of NGQDs for solar cell applications yielding controlled emission increase,while controlled emission quenching was achieved by either blue laser or thermal treatment.Optimized Oz-NGQDs were further used to form a photoactive layer of solar calls with a maximum efficiency of 2.64% providing a 6-fold enhancement over untreated NGQD devices and a 3-fold increase in fill factor/current density.This study suggests simple routes to alter and optimize optical properties of scalably produced NGQDs to boost the photovoltaic performance of solar cells.

Regional and Sectoral Patterns and Determinants of Comparative Advantage in China

China＇s export performance is marked by large regional disparities which affect trade patterns at the national level. This paper uses data from input-output tables to estimate the comparative advantage of Chinese provinces in the three main economic sectors over the period 1992-2007. In contrast to existing studies, we include the services sector in the analysis and construct not only indices of revealed comparative advantage for overall trade, but also bilateral indices for interprovincial trade. The results indicate that West and Central China have a comparative advantage in agriculture/mining, coastal provinces in manufacturing, and metropolitan provinces in services. However, interprovincial trade exhibits a more complex pattern. Regression analysis identifies labor endowments as the key determinant of comparative advantage in total trade, while physical capital is the driving force in domestic trade. Human capital and government spending have a positive effect, whereas industrial loans and taxes, along with provincial trade barriers, impair comparative advantage.

Biceps Brachii Muscle Length Affects Force Steadiness with and Without Fatigue

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of muscle length and fatigue on maximal force,submaximal force steadiness,and electromyographic(EMG)activity of the biceps brachii.Methods Force and EMG responses were measured before and after a fatigue protocol consisting of maximal intermit-tent contractions of the elbow flexors until task failure(n=20).The protocol was performed on two separate occasions in a randomized order.During one visit,the elbow joint was at 90°(EF90)and for the other,it was extended to 120°(EF120).Results The results show a large effect size for greater force loss following fatigue at long muscle length(P=0.067,n^(2)_(p)=0.166).The fatigue-based decreases in force steadiness were not different between muscle lengths(P=0.502,n^(2)_(p)=0.024).Force steadiness was lower at long muscle length before and after fatigue(P<0.01,d=0.691).Following fatigue,muscle excitation decreased and increased during maximal and submaximal force tasks,respectively,yet there were no length-dependent EMG responses.Conclusions The novel findings show fatigue at long muscle length likely affects force loss to a greater degree than fatigue-based decreases in force steadiness.These data show lower elbow flexion force steadiness when the biceps brachii is in a lengthened position.

Integrating Culture into Beginner-Level Chinese Language Teaching

Culture is widely regarded as imperative for foreign language (FL) education because culture and language intertwine when people use language for communication. Many teachers and scholars who agree with this argument tend to integrate culture into advanced-level language courses. However, culture is insufficiently integrated into beginner-level FL courses. This insufficiency comes from teachers’ limited cultural literacy regarding the integration of communicative culture into beginner-level language courses. It also reflects inadequacies of the mainstream FL pedagogical frameworks and paradigms. In an increasingly globalized world, highlighting the role of culture in FL curricula can help people understand FL programs’ contributions to educating globalized citizens. Culture is particularly important for U.S. Chinese language education because Chinese is a truly difficult language for English-speaking learners and relies heavily on culture to make communication successful. This article analyzes five approaches to integrating culture into language instruction: (1) culture exists as “add-ons” in Chinese language education;(2) culture provides contexts to understand language behaviors;(3) culture conventionally forms a specific linguistic system;(4) culture and language intertwine and merge into linguistic codes and language behaviors;and (5) culturally- situated speech events work as sequencing units to organize Chinese language curricula. These approaches are discussed and exemplified through beginner-level Chinese language examples. Overall, this article provides Chinese teachers with specific strategies for integrating Chinese culture into beginner-level Chinese language teaching.

A cloud-based framework for verifiable privacy-preserving spectrum auction

Spectrum auction is one of the most effective ways to achieve dynamic spectrum allocation in cognitive radio net-works,and it provides one effective way to manage the spectrum demands of IoT devices with limited resources.Most spectrum auctions focus on protecting bidder privacy and achieving excellent social efficiency,but few tackles the verification of auction results that are controlled by the auctioneer.In this paper,we propose a cloud-based framework for verifiable privacy-preserving spectrum auctions.Our framework adopts a modified AFGH re-encryption algorithm that achieves both bid privacy protection and auction results verification at the same time.The cloud server helps to compute auction results based on homomorphic encryption,and an auctioneer decrypts the encrypted data from the server to obtain auction results.Meanwhile,the property of re-encryption makes it possible for any bidder to verify the auction results without compromising other bidders’privacy.