Optimization of Finishing Process and Energy Savings in Denim Textile Facility

Denim is widely accepted among exported textile products due to its aesthetics, appearance, and fashion. Practitioners employed several physical or chemical treatments to improve denim qualities in denim finishing operations. So, several treatment processes, including enzymatic, bleaching, singeing, heat set, and ozone finish, are used, which made this processing more energy consumption and time-consuming. Therefore, it is significant to investigate how changing the chemicals and raw ingredients could improve the finishing process, which is environmentally and economically beneficial for sustainable production practices in the denim finishing process. This study’s research design comprises an experimental investigation in a denim plant in Bangladesh. Two different fabrics were chosen to analyze, determining the potential savings of finishing on the denim fabrics’ performance characteristics. By deducting singeing and heat-set processes, the researchers ran an experimental process by maintaining the same length of fabric. Then, the impacts of finishing process optimization on the mechanical, thermal, and comfort parameters of drape, stiffness, and tear strength were examined. The study’s findings demonstrated that this experiment increased productivity and reduced the finishing unit’s energy consumption without compromising the denim fabrics’ quality. This study significantly impacts environmental sustainability by preserving limited energy resources and manufacturing denim finishing processes.

Multiphase Interfacial Regulation Based on Hierarchical Porous Molybdenum Selenide to Build Anticorrosive and Multiband Tailorable Absorbers

Electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials have an irreplaceable position in the field of military stealth as well as in the field of electromagnetic pollution control.And in order to cope with the complex electromagnetic environment,the design of multifunctional and multiband high efficiency EMW absorbers remains a tremendous challenge.In this work,we designed a three-dimensional porous structure via the salt melt synthesis strategy to optimize the impedance matching of the absorber.Also,through interfacial engineering,a molybdenum carbide transition layer was introduced between the molybdenum selenide nanoparticles and the three-dimensional porous carbon matrix to improve the absorption behavior of the absorber.The analysis indicates that the number and components of the heterogeneous interfaces have a significant impact on the EMW absorption performance of the absorber due to mechanisms such as interfacial polarization and conduction loss introduced by interfacial engineering.Wherein,the prepared MoSe_(2)/MoC/PNC composites showed excellent EMW absorption performance in C,X,and Ku bands,especially exhibiting a reflection loss of−59.09 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.96 GHz at 1.9 mm.The coordination between structure and components endows the absorber with strong absorption,broad bandwidth,thin thickness,and multi-frequency absorption characteristics.Remarkably,it can effectively reinforce the marine anticorrosion property of the epoxy resin coating on Q235 steel substrate.This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between interfacial engineering and the performance of EMW absorbers,and provides a reference for the design of multifunctional,multiband EMW absorption materials.

Diphylleia Grayi-Inspired Intelligent Temperature-Responsive Transparent Nanofiber Membranes

Nanofiber membranes(NFMs) have become attractive candidates for next-generation flexible transparent materials due to their exceptional flexibility and breathability. However, improving the transmittance of NFMs is a great challenge due to the enormous reflection and incredibly poor transmission generated by the nanofiber-air interface. In this research, we report a general strategy for the preparation of flexible temperature-responsive transparent(TRT) membranes,which achieves a rapid transformation of NFMs from opaque to highly transparent under a narrow temperature window. In this process, the phase change material eicosane is coated on the surface of the polyurethane nanofibers by electrospray technology. When the temperature rises to 37 ℃, eicosane rapidly completes the phase transition and establishes the light transmission path between the nanofibers, preventing light loss from reflection at the nanofiber-air interface. The resulting TRT membrane exhibits high transmittance(> 90%), and fast response(5 s). This study achieves the first TRT transition of NFMs, offering a general strategy for building highly transparent nanofiber materials, shaping the future of next-generation intelligent temperature monitoring, anti-counterfeiting measures, and other high-performance devices.

Novel high-voltage cathode for aqueous zinc ion batteries:Porous K_(0.5)VOPO_(4)·1.5H_(2)O with reversible solid-solution intercalation and conversion storage mechanism

Cathode materials that possess high output voltage,as well as those that can be mass-produced using facile techniques,are crucial for the advancement of aqueous zinc-ion battery(ZIBs)applications,Herein,we present for the first time a new porous K_(0.5)VOPO_(4)·1.5H_(2)O polyanionic cathode(P-KIVP)with high output voltage(above 1.2 V)that can be manufactured at room temperature using straightforward coprecipitation and etching techniques.The P-KVP cathode experiences anisotropic crystal plane expansion via a sequential solid-solution intercalation and phase co nversion pathway throughout the Zn^(2+)storage process,as confirmed by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Similar to other layered vanadium-based polyanionic materials,the P-KVP cathode experiences a progressive decline in voltage during the cycle,which is demonstrated to be caused by the irreversible conversion into amorphous VO_(x).By introducing a new electrolyte containing Zn(OTF)_(2) to a mixed triethyl phosphate and water solution,it is possible to impede this irreversible conversion and obtain a high output voltage and longer cycle life by forming a P-rich cathode electrolyte interface layer.As a proof-of-concept,the flexible fiber-shaped ZIBs based on modified electrolyte woven into a fabric watch band can power an electronic watch,highlighting the application potential of P-KVP cathode.

Influence of Polyester Resin Treatment on Jute Fabrics for Geotextile Applications

In this study, jute woven fabrics (1 × 1 plain, twill, zigzag and diamond weave) were manufactured from 100% raw jute yarn. The fabric specimens were treated by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% unsaturated polyester resin where styrene monomer used as a solvent and 1% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) was used as initiator. Two bar pressure was applied for complete wetting of the fabric by a Padder and curing was done at 130?C for 10 minutes. The physico-mechanical characteristics of untreated and treated samples were examined and evaluated. It was revealed that moisture content (MC) and water absorbency of the treated specimens were decreased with the increase of resin percentage (%) in the fabrics. MC and water absorbency were maximum decreased up to 50.23% and 60.14% respectively by 25% resin treatment. On the other hand, bending length (BL), flexural rigidity (FR), flexural modulus (FM) and tensile strength (TS) were enhanced with the increase of resin percentage in the fabrics which resulted higher fabric stiffness. The maximum improvement of BL, FR, FM and TS were found to be 6.67%, 56.04%, 10.57% and 18.75% respectively in comparison to untreated sample. Soil degradation tests exhibited that 33.59% TS loss occurred for untreated specimens where only 8.04% loss of TS found for 25% resin treated one. Furthermore, jute based twill, zigzag and diamond fabrics were also treated by 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% resin, then measured their TS and compared with plain fabrics. It was revealed that plain fabrics have superior TS over other fabrics. It was also evident that TS enhanced for all the fabrics after resin treatment and maximum increase found for all the fabrics up to 25% resin treatment.

An analysis of environmental risks in Sichuan Province to relocate the textile industry from east China

The trend of transferring eastern textile industry to western regions in China is increasingly obvious.As for Sichuan Province,it is a chance to promote economic development and upgrade the textile industry through the incident compared with the other western regions.This paper analyzes the risk to environment in Sichuan Province when accepting the transfer and puts forwards relevant measures to this point.

Integration of Multiple Heterointerfaces in a Hierarchical 0D@2D@1D Structure for Lightweight,Flexible,and Hydrophobic Multifunctional Electromagnetic Protective Fabrics

The development of wearable multifunctional electromagnetic protective fabrics with multifunctional,low cost,and high efficiency remains a challenge.Here,inspired by the unique flower branch shape of“Thunberg’s meadowsweet”in nature,a nanofibrous composite membrane with hierarchical structure was constructed.Integrating sophisticated 0D@2D@1D hierarchical structures with multiple heterointerfaces can fully unleash the multifunctional application potential of composite membrane.The targeted induction method was used to precisely regulate the formation site and morphology of the metal–organic framework precursor,and intelligently integrate multiple heterostructures to enhance dielectric polarization,which improves the impedance matching and loss mechanisms of the electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.Due to the synergistic enhancement of electrospinning-derived carbon nanofiber“stems”,MOF-derived carbon nanosheet“petals”and transition metal selenide nano-particle“stamens”,the CoxSey/NiSe@CNSs@CNFs(CNCC)composite membrane obtains a minimum reflection loss value(RL_(min))of-68.40 dB at 2.6 mm and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 8.88 GHz at a thin thickness of 2.0 mm with a filling amount of only 5 wt%.In addition,the multi-component and hierarchical heterostructure endow the fibrous membrane with excellent flexibility,water resistance,thermal management,and other multifunctional properties.This work provides unique perspectives for the precise design and rational application of multifunctional fabrics.

Ballistic penetration damages of hybrid plain-woven laminates with carbon,Kevlar and UHMWPE fibers in different stacking sequences

Hybrid composite materials combine different fibers in preform and take advantages of different mechanical behaviors for improving ballistic impact damage tolerances.Here we report ballistic impact damages of plain-woven laminates with different hybrids and stacking sequences.Three kinds of hybrid laminates,i.e.,carbon/Kevlar,carbon/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE),and UHMWPE/Kevlar,had been prepared and tested in ballistic penetration with fragment simulating projectiles(FSP).The residual velocities of the projectiles and impact damage morphologies of the laminates have been obtained to show impact energy absorptions for the different hybrid schemes.A microstructural model of the hybrid laminates had also been established to show impact damage mechanisms with finite element analysis(FEA).We found that the UHMWPE/Kevlar hybrid laminates with Kevlar layers as the front face have the highest energy absorption capacity,followed by the carbon/Kevlar hybrid laminates with carbon layers as the front face.The main damage modes are fiber breakages,matrix crack and interlayer delamination.The ballistic damage evolutions from the FEA results show that the major damage is shear failure for front layers,while tension failure for the back layers.We expect that the ballistic impact performance could be improved from the different hybrid schemes.

Hierarchically porous Co@N-doped carbon fiber assembled by MOF-derived hollow polyhedrons enables effective electronic/mass transport:An advanced 1D oxygen reduction catalyst for Zn-air battery

Developing advanced oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts with rapid mass/electron transport as well as conducting relevant kinetics investigations is essential for energy technologies,but both still face ongoing challenges.Herein,a facile approach was reported for achieving the highly dispersed Co nanoparticles anchored hierarchically porous N-doped carbon fibers(Co@N-HPCFs),which were assembled by core-shell MOFs-derived hollow polyhedrons.Notably,the unique one-dimensional(1D)carbon fibers with hierarchical porosity can effectively improve the exposure of active sites and facilitate the electron transfer and mass transfer,resulting in the enhanced reaction kinetics.As a result,the ORR performance of the optimal Co@N-HPCF catalysts remarkably outperforms that of commercial Pt/C in alkaline solution,reaching a limited diffusion current density(J)of 5.85 m A cm^(-2)and a half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.831 V.Particularly,the prepared Co@N-HPCF catalysts can be used as an excellent air-cathode for liquid/solid-state Zn-air batteries,exhibiting great potentiality in portable/wearable energy devices.Furthermore,the reaction kinetic during ORR process is deeply explored by finite element simulation,so as to intuitively grasp the kinetic control region,diffusion control region,and mixing control region of the ORR process,and accurately obtain the relevant kinetic parameters.This work offers an effective strategy and a reliable theoretical basis for the engineering of first-class ORR electrocatalysts with fast electronic/mass transport.

Laser-Induced Graphene Conductive Fabric Decorated with Copper Nanoparticles for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Application

To meet the demands for flexible electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials,a type of conductive fabric is prepared by generating three-dimensional(3D)porous laser-induced graphene(LIG)in situ on the surface of the aramid fabric(AF)and then electroless plating copper.After LIG treatment,the porous AF demonstrates admirable conductivity due to the generation of graphene.The superior surface resistance of the conductive fabric can reach 1.57Ω/sq after copper deposition,and the average EMI shielding effectiveness(SE)can reach 34.3 dB in a frequency range of 8.2 to 12.4 GHz,with the EMW absorption accounting for about 80%.The proposed technology provides a new idea for preparation of flexible EMI shielding materials.

Effect of Weft Binding Structure on Compression Properties of Three-Dimensional Woven Spacer Fabrics and Composites

With the wide use of three-dimensional woven spacer composites(3DWSCs),the market expects greater mechanical properties from this material.By changing the weft fastening method of the traditional I-shape pile yarns,we designed three-dimensional woven spacer fabrics(3DWSFs)and 3DWSCs with the weft V-shape to improve the compression performance of traditional 3DWSFs.The effects of weft binding structures,V-pile densities,and V-shaped angle were investigated in this paper.It is found that the compression resistance of 3DWSFs with the weft V-shape is improved compared to that with the weft I-shape,the fabric height recovery rate is as high as 95.7%,and the average elastic recovery rate is 59.39%.When the interlayer pile yarn density is the same,the weft V-shaped and weft I-shaped 3DWSCs have similar flatwise pressure and edgewise pressure performance.The compression properties of the composite improve as the density of the V-pile yarns increases.The flatwise compression load decreases as the V-shaped angle decreases.When the V-shaped angle is 28°and 42°,the latitudinal V-shaped 3DWSCs perform exceptionally well in terms of anti-compression cushioning.The V-shaped weft binding method offers a novel approach to structural design of 3DWSCs.

Adsorption Properties of Phosphate by CaCl2-loaded Straw Microwave Charcoal

Phosphate is the main limiting factor of water eutrophication. In order to effectively control phosphorus pollution in water, straw microwave charcoal(CaCl2SBC) was prepared with straw after CaCl2activation and microwave biomass carbonization, and the adsorption effect of phosphate by CaCl2SBC was analyzed. The results showed that the prepared straw microwave charcoal contained hydroxyl and carbon-carbon double bonds, and CaCl2SBC had a very obvious adsorption effect on phosphate in eutrophic water. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of phosphate by CaCl2SBC are as follows: initial concentration of phosphate was 50 mg/L;adsorption time was 120 min;pH was 9;adsorption temperature was 25 ℃;CaCl2SBC dosage was 300 mg/L. Under the optimum conditions, the maximum removal rate can reach 99%. The prepared straw microwave charcoal can be used for phosphorus removal from eutrophic water.

Study on an Organic Hybrid Made from Chlorinated Polyethylene and 2,2'-methylene-bis- (4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol)

The dynamic mechanical properties and miscibility of an organic hybrid made from chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and 2, 2'-methylene-bis-(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol) (ZKF) are mainly discussed in this paper. It is found that ZKF acts as an antiplasticizer in CPE matrix and has good miscibility even with large ratio in CPE /ZKF hybrids. The glass transition temperature of various CPE/ZKF hybrids determined by DSC give a good fit to Wood's equation. Bifunctional ZKF is supposed to improve the intermolecular force of CPE, and the improvement is developed when the ZKF content increases. On the other hand, the viscoelastic properties are highly improved with the addition of ZKF. TA and tanδ peak values increase when the ZKF content increase in the CPE /ZKF hybrids, the damping capacity has been improved during the glass transition of CPE /ZKF hybrids. In addition, the glass transition temperature shifts to room temperature from the low temperature with the continuous addition of ZKF to CPE.

OPTIMAL SETTING-UP OF KNITTING ELEMENTS AND ITS EFFECT ON TENSION VARIATION

The dynamic yarn tension variations during knitting cycle are very difficult to control and be-come one of barriers to knitting on modern warp knitting machine.Examination of experimentaldata and theoretical analysis show that the relative position of spring rail to knitting elements suchas needle,guide as well as their displacement has noticeable effect on tension variation so that theknitting condition can be much improved by rearrangement of the knitting elements and theirmovement within a knitting cycle.

Research on the Dyeing Properties of Silk-like Knitted Fabric of Ultra-fine Polyester Fiber

In this paper, dyeing processes of silk-like fabric of ultra-fine polyester fiber are studied through orthogonal experiment, dyeing properties (K/S value, L* value, and C* value) of the fabric are tested under different dyeing conditions (pH value, time, and bath ratlo), and optimum dyeing conditions are arrived at through analysis.

Factors Influencing Anti-ultraviolet Performance of Undyed-woven Fabrics

Main factors influencing anti-ultraviolet performance of woven fabrics are investigated. By means of detailed arrangement of sample design, sample making, testing and analyzing, it shows that fiber materials, fabric compactness, fabric weave and yarn type are the four important factors influencing anti-UV performance of woven fabric, but with different effects. Among them fiber material is the most important factor. For the common fiber materials used, it shows that the anti-UV performance of polyester is comparatively better than others. Once fiber material is determined, fabric with medium float weave and high compactness can offer a good anti-UV performance.The anti-UV performance of fabric with "anti-UV" filament yarn is better than that with "anti-UV" staple yarn. The anti-UV property of fabrics with untwisted filament yarns is better than that with twist counterparts.

MoS_(2)-Decorated/Integrated Carbon Fiber:Phase Engineering Well-Regulated Microwave Absorber

Phase engineering is an important strategy to modulate the electronic structure of molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)).MoS_(2)-based composites are usually used for the electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorber,but the effect of different phases on the EMW absorbing performance,such as 1T and 2H phase,is still not studied.In this work,micro-1T/2H MoS_(2) is achieved via a facile one-step hydrother-mal route,in which the 1T phase is induced by the intercalation of guest molecules and ions.The EMW absorption mechanism of single MoS_(2) is revealed by presenting a comparative study between 1T/2H MoS_(2) and 2H MoS_(2).As a result,1T/2H MoS_(2) with the matrix loading of 15%exhibits excellent microwave absorption property than 2H MoS_(2).Furthermore,taking the advantage of 1T/2H MoS_(2),a flexible EMW absorbers that ultrathin 1T/2H MoS_(2)grown on the carbon fiber also performs outstanding performance only with the matrix loading of 5%.This work offers necessary reference to improve microwave absorption performance by phase engineering and design a new type of flexible electromagnetic wave absorption material to apply for the portable microwave absorption electronic devices.

Nanohollow Carbon for Rechargeable Batteries:Ongoing Progresses and Challenges

Among the various morphologies of carbon-based materials,hollow carbon nanostructures are of particular interest for energy storage.They have been widely investigated as electrode materials in different types of rechargeable batteries,owing to their high surface areas in association with the high surface-to-volume ratios,controllable pores and pore size distribution,high electrical conductivity,and excellent chemical and mechanical stability,which are beneficial for providing active sites,accelerating electrons/ions transfer,interacting with electrolytes,and giving rise to high specific capacity,rate capability,cycling ability,and overall electrochemical performance.In this overview,we look into the ongoing progresses that are being made with the nanohollow carbon materials,including nanospheres,nanopolyhedrons,and nanofibers,in relation to their applications in the main types of rechargeable batteries.The design and synthesis strategies for them and their electrochemical performance in rechargeable batteries,including lithium-ion batteries,sodium-ion batteries,potassium-ion batteries,and lithium–sulfur batteries are comprehensively reviewed and discussed,together with the challenges being faced and perspectives for them.

Effects of filler loading and surface modification on electrical and thermal properties of epoxy/montmorillonite composite

Epoxy-based composites containing montmorillonite（MMT） modified by silylation reaction with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane（γ-APTES） and 3-（glycidyloxypropyl） trimethoxysilane（GPTMS） are successfully prepared.The effects of filler loading and surface modification on the electrical and thermal properties of the epoxy/MMT composites are investigated. Compared with the pure epoxy resin, the epoxy/MMT composite, whether MMT is surface-treated or not, shows low dielectric permittivity, low dielectric loss, and enhanced dielectric strength. The MMT in the epoxy/MMT composite also influences the thermal properties of the composite by improving the thermal conductivity and stability.Surface functionalization of MMT not only conduces to the better dispersion of the nanoparticles, but also significantly affects the electric and thermal properties of the hybrid by influencing the interfaces between MMT and epoxy resin.Improved interfaces are good for enhancing the electric and thermal properties of nanocomposites. What is more, the MMT modified with GPTMS rather than γ-APTES is found to have greater influence on improving the interface between the MMT filler and polymer matrices, thus resulting in lower dielectric loss, lower electric conductivity, higher breakdown strength, lower thermal conductivity, and higher thermal stability.

Analysis on regional disparity of economic development in China based on DEA

The economy of China has been developing fast after the beginning of the new century, but the 31 provinces or municipalities (excluding Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao) develop disparately. So, finding an appropriate way to analyze and compare the economic situations of various regions is of great significance for the balanced development of the east coastal area and the hinterland. With the DEA method, on the basis of regionalism, this paper analyzes various regions of China, and gets the conclusion that the effective proportion of DEA of the coastal developed areas is relatively higher, and the extremely little foreign investment makes the relative efficiency of DEA of frontier areas pretty high. In addition, through the analysis parameters of the regions where DEA is relatively ineffective, this paper points out that the surplus labor force is the most influential factor, and the spare foreign investment is the main reason for the lack of efficiency of relatively developed regions.