Challenges of agriculture and food systems issues in China and the United States

China and the United States are the two most significant nations in the contemporary global food and agricultural network.In addition,they are two of the most important innovators with respect to the development of new crop varieties,agro-technologies,farm products,markets and consumer issues,such as consumer resistance to genetically modified foods,among others.In the face of an ever-complex web of interactions,technologies and products among producers and consumers in both nations,there are far more structural similarities than differences in the food and agriculture sectors of these two nations.This essay,adopting some of the themes of the Sino-American Symposium on Future Issues Affecting Quality of Life,presents a limited but representative comparative assessment of three of the most important shared challenges impacting the agricultural sectors of China and the United States for the period from 2000 to the present including 1)environmental challenges related to agricultural water supply,2)declines in farm labor and rural population,and 3)growing food-related concerns and challenges.For both nations,excessive and unsustainable groundwater consumption has lowered water tables and limited crop production.Rural populations and farm workforces in both nations are also declining,leading to labor challenges in both nations.Finally,concerns regarding food safety are also very similar with major challenges to the farm sector associated with consumer resistance to genetically modified food crops and sanitation issues linked to lengthening supply chains.All of these issues threaten the development of sustainable agricultural production systems.

The Prospects of the Eurasian Economic Union

The Eurasian region is the strategic base for Russia,while the Central Asian countries have relied heavily on Russia economically due to historical links.It is the demands from both sides that have provided the momentum for the foundation of the EAEU.The deciding factor in the success or failure of a region's integration is whether the cost paid by member countries joining the integration can be offset by the economic benefits they earn.In this regard,it is hard to hold an optimistic view about the Eurasian Economic Union.

Numerical Simulation for Fredholm Integral Equation of the Second Kind

This work mainly focuses on the numerical simulation of the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. Applying the idea of Gauss-Lobatto quadrature formula, a numerical method is developed. For the integral item, we give an approximation with high precision. The existence condition of the solution for the Fredholm equation is given. Furthermore, the error analyses are presented. Finally, the numerical examples verify the theoretical analysis, and show the efficiency of the algorithm we discussed.

2021 Report on the Development of China's Import Released:China Is Contributing Greatly to Increases in Global Imports

Recently,2021 Report on the Development of China's Import(the Report)was officially issued.As the first comprehensive report on import trade in China,the report serves the major national strategy of actively expanding imports and the event of China International Import Expo(CIIE).Since 2018,this annual report has been issued four times in line.The Report is jointly developed by the Business School and China Institute of Education and Social Development of Beijing Normal University.

Dreaming Forward: Postidentity and the Generative Thresholds of Tourism

This manuscript from Hollinshead and Vellah calls for researchers in Tourism Studies and related Fields to reflect upon their own role in refreshing the social imaginaries of“after-colonialism”under the nomadisms of our time.Deleuzian in outlook,it positions the“post”of postcolonialism not as an end to colonialism’s imperatives but as a generative-portal through which new-seeds-of-”becoming”are discernable as the postidentities(rather than the“identities”)of populations are interpretable in multidirectional,non-hierarchical,and not easily-predictable ways.In provoking(after Deleuze)thought per rhizomatic processes(rather than via fixed concepts),the manuscript-critiquing these dynamic matters of“postidentity”-then harnesses the insights of(Leela)Ghandi’s on hybrid-nomadic-subjects,and of Venn on alternative-(com)possible-futures.Thereafter,these concerns of and about“after-colonialism”are critically contextualised within Aboriginal“Australia”,via the views of a pool of Indigenous intellectuals there,who synthesise the disruptive dialectics of belonging-cum-aspiration which they maintain that they and fellow Aboriginal people(of many sorts)face today.Throughout this manuscript,the agency and authority of tourism hovers in its sometimes-manifest/sometimes-latent generative power to project empowering postidentities for the world’s“host”or“visited”populations today.

The Numerical Solution of Poisson Equation with Dirichlet Boundary Conditions

This work mainly focuses on the numerical solution of the Poisson equation with the Dirichlet boundary conditions. Compared to the traditional 5-point finite difference method, the Chebyshev spectral method is applied. The numerical results show the Chebyshev spectral method has high accuracy and fast convergence;the more Chebyshev points are selected, the better the accuracy is. Finally, the error of two numerical results also verifies that the algorithm has high precision.

Dynamic Event-Triggered Control of Continuous-Time Systems With Random Impulses

In this paper,the networked control problem under event-triggered schemes is considered for a class of continuoustime linear systems with random impulses.In order to save communication costs and lighten communication burden,a dynamic event-triggered scheme whose threshold parameter is dynamically adjusted by a given evolutionary rule,is employed to manage the transmission of data packets.Moreover,the evolution of the threshold parameter only depends on the sampled measurement output,and hence eliminates the influence of impulsive signals on the event-triggered mechanism.Then,with the help of a stochastic analysis method and Lyapunov theory,the existence conditions of desired controller gains are received to guarantee the corresponding input-to-state stability of the addressed system.Furthermore,according to the semi-definite programming property,the desired controller gains are calculated by resorting to the solution of three linear matrix inequalities.In the end,the feasibility and validity of the developed control strategy are verified by a simulation example.

消费者脆弱性与寿险非道德销售行为

在区分非道德销售行为事件基础上,借用某寿险公司消费者保单数据,运用稀有事件偏差修正估计(Rare events biased-corrected estimates)模型,可以测度消费者脆弱性(以教育水平为度量指标)对非道德销售行为发生几率的影响。研究发现:消费者教育脆弱性与销售人员的非道德销售行为有显著的正相关关系;对销售人员分类后进一步考察,低学历相对于高学历的销售人员,男性相对女性销售员,更容易实施非道德销售策略。这就从消费者脆弱性视角重新解释了销售人员的非道德销售行为,既可丰富该领域的研究文献,亦可为寿险公司保单管理和监管部门政策制定和实施提供借鉴。

俄罗斯Samara州医务人员结核病发病率上升:登记数据分析

地点:俄罗斯Samara州。目标:比较俄罗斯某地结核病机构医务人员、综合医疗机构医务人员和普通人群的结核病发病率。方法:分析1994-2002年的9年期间结核病机构医务人员、综合医疗机构医务人员和普通人群的结核病登记率。结果:从1994到2002年,Samara州结核病机构医务人员的结核病发病率比普通人群的发病率高10倍,达到741.6/10万人年。结核病机构住院部医务人员的发病率最高,其发病率与综合医院医务人员发病率的率比为17.7(95%可信区间为11.6-27.0)。结论:俄罗斯结核病机构医务人员的结核病发病率显著上升,提示院内感染的危险很大。控制俄罗斯院内结核病传播是一个需要迫切关注的问题,尤其是俄罗斯目前正面临着人类免疫缺陷病毒的流行。

An Analysis of Conditions for Foreign Direct Investment in Myanmar

FDI in Myanmar has grown steadily with more diversified investment sources and fields.The changes in Myanmar’s investment environment caused by the reform pose new challenges for Chinese investors.To handle them,Chinese firms should diversify the forms and subjects of investment,take into account the concerns of the people of Myanmar and comply with the national development strategy of the country.

U.S.-Japanese TPP Strategies and China's Response

The U.S.-driven TPP has caught the attention of the region and is bringing uncertainty to East Asian economic integration.China,the U.S.and Japan have taken different positions on the TPP itself.The U.S.is actively participating in TPP negotiations and trying to dominate it.Japan regards the TPP as a tool with which it can further explore markets as well as strengthen its relationship with the U.S..China is currently assessing the U.S.shift in economic strategy towards East Asia and the potential impacts of TPP expansion.

Increasing Frictions of China-EU Trade

Instead of the US and Japan,EU has become the largest partner of China in trade,in the con-stant three eastern-enlarging years since 2004.China stepped in to a faster development track on external trade and the trade surplus with EU became larger and larger after the entrance into WTO.With the explo-sion and knock-on effect of

More Optimistic Sino-EU Economic Relationship

Although facing the Europe-an economy dragged down constantly by debt crisis,the economic and trade relation between China and the EU has maintained a good momentum of development.There are signs to begin a rebound.During the 10th anniver-

New Opportunities for China from Silk Road

On September 7,2013,Presi-dent Jinping Xi delivered a speech at Kazakhstan’s Nazarbayev University,showing that China was willing to develop a Silk Road Economic Belt(SREB)with Kazakhstan and for that he put forward a new strategic scheme.To achieve it,Xi also proposed 5

Growing Bigger——Chinese Banks Going Out

In November 2013,the Financial Stability Board(FSB)officially released the list of the year’s most important banks in the world.Fol-lowing the Bank of China,Industrial and Commercial Bank of China firstly ranked into this list.At the same time,a list of global top 100 banks was pub-lished by SNL Financial,where China’s four state-owned commercial

A Heuristic Text Analytic Approach for Classifying Research Articles

Classification of research articles is fundamental to analyze and understand research literature. Underlying concepts from both text analytics and concept mining form a foundation for the development of a quantitative heuristic methodology, the Scale of Theoretical and Applied Research (STAR), for classifying research. STAR demonstrates how concept mining may be used to classify research with respect to its theoretical and applied emphases. This research reports on evaluating the STAR heuristic classifier using the Business Analytics domain, by classifying 774 Business Analytics articles from 23 journals. The results indicate that STAR effectively evaluates overall article content of journals to be consistent with the expert opinion of journal editors with regard to the research type disposition of the respective journals.

Reducing pollution by adjusting China's trade mix—A case study using SO_2 emissions

This paper investigates the impact of foreign trade on China’s pollution emissions using an input-output model. Generally speaking,as exports are more pollution-intensive than imports,foreign trade helps reduce China’s emissions. Given the huge surplus of trade in goods and declines in the ratio of import/export emission intensities,an emission deficit emerged in China’s foreign trade.The fundamental cause is the worsening product mix of foreign trade.With technical progress outpaced by foreign trade growth,however,total emissions of export goods have been on the rise.

A Spectral Method for Convection-Diffusion Equations

In the practical problems such as nuclear waste pollution and seawater intrusion etc., many problems are reduced to solving the convection-diffusion equation, so the research of convection-diffusion equation is of great value. In this work, a spectral method is presented for solving one and two dimensional convection-diffusion equation with source term. The finite difference method is also used to solve the convection diffusion equation. The numerical experiments show that the spectral method is more efficient than other methods for solving the convection-diffusion equation.

Collaborative City Digital Twin for the COVID-19 Pandemic:A Federated Learning Solution

The novel coronavirus,COVID-19,has caused a crisis that affects all segments of the population.As the knowledge and understanding of COVID-19 evolve,an appropriate response plan for this pandemic is considered one of the most effective methods for controlling the spread of the virus.Recent studies indicate that a city Digital Twin(DT)is beneficial for tackling this health crisis,because it can construct a virtual replica to simulate factors,such as climate conditions,response policies,and people's trajectories,to help plan efficient and inclusive decisions.However,a city DTsystem relies on long-term and high-quality data collection to make appropriate decisions,limiting its advantages when facing urgent crises,such as the COVID-19 pandemic.Federated Learning(FL),in which all clients can learn a shared model while retaining all training data locally,emerges as a promising solution for accumulating the insights from multiple data sources efficiently.Furthermore,the enhanced privacy protection settings removing the privacy barriers lie in this collaboration.In this work,we propose a framework that fused city DT with FL to achieve a novel collaborative paradigm that allows multiple city DTs to share the local strategy and status quickly.In particular,an FL central server manages the local updates of multiple collaborators(city DTs),providing a global model that is trained in multiple iterations at different city DT systems until the model gains the correlations between various response plans and infection trends.This approach means a collaborative city DT paradigm fused with FL techniques can obtain knowledge and patterns from multiple DTs and eventually establish a"global view"of city crisis management.Meanwhile,it also helps improve each city's DT by consolidating other DT's data without violating privacy rules.In this paper,we use the COVID-19 pandemic as the use case of the proposed framework.The experimental results on a real dataset with various response plans validate our proposed solution and demonstrate its superior performance.