Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are key regulators of numerous subcellular,cellular,and systemic signals.They function in plants as an integral part of many different hormonal,physiological,and developmental pathways,as w...Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are key regulators of numerous subcellular,cellular,and systemic signals.They function in plants as an integral part of many different hormonal,physiological,and developmental pathways,as well as play a critical role in defense and acclimation responses to different biotic and abiotic conditions.Although many ROS imaging techniques have been developed and utilized in plants,a wholeplant imaging platform for the dynamic detection of ROS in mature plants is lacking.Here we report a robust and straightforward method for the whole-plant live imaging of ROS in mature plants grown in soil.This new method could be used to study local and systemic ROS signals in different genetic variants,conduct phenotyping studies to identify new pathways for ROS signaling,monitor the stress level of different plants and mutants,and unravel novel routes of ROS integration into stress,growth regulation,and development in plants.We demonstrate the utility of this new method for studying systemic ROS signals in different A rabidopsis mutants and wound responses in cereals such as wheat and corn.展开更多
The tribe Triticeae provides important staple cereal crops and contains elite wild species with wide geneticdiversity and high tolerance to abiotic stresses. Sea barleygrass (Hordeum marinum Huds.), a wildTriticeae sp...The tribe Triticeae provides important staple cereal crops and contains elite wild species with wide geneticdiversity and high tolerance to abiotic stresses. Sea barleygrass (Hordeum marinum Huds.), a wildTriticeae species, thrives in saline marshlands and is well known for its high tolerance to salinity and waterlogging. Here, a 3.82-Gb high-quality reference genome of sea barleygrass is assembled de novo, with 3.69Gb (96.8%) of its sequences anchored onto seven chromosomes. In total, 41 045 high-confidence (HC)genes are annotated by homology, de novo prediction, and transcriptome analysis. Phylogenetics, nonsynonymous/synonymous mutation ratios (Ka/Ks), and transcriptomic and functional analyses provide genetic evidence for the divergence in morphology and salt tolerance among sea barleygrass, barley, andwheat. The large variation in post-domestication genes (e.g. IPA1 and MOC1) may cause interspecies differences in plant morphology. The extremely high salt tolerance of sea barleygrass is mainly attributed tolow Na+ uptake and root-to-shoot translocation, which are mainly controlled by SOS1, HKT, and NHX transporters. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing systems weredeveloped for sea barleygrass to promote its utilization for exploration and functional studies of hubgenes and for the genetic improvement of cereal crops.展开更多
基金the National Science Foundation(IOS-1353886,IOS-1063287,MCB-1613462)and the University of Missouri.
文摘Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are key regulators of numerous subcellular,cellular,and systemic signals.They function in plants as an integral part of many different hormonal,physiological,and developmental pathways,as well as play a critical role in defense and acclimation responses to different biotic and abiotic conditions.Although many ROS imaging techniques have been developed and utilized in plants,a wholeplant imaging platform for the dynamic detection of ROS in mature plants is lacking.Here we report a robust and straightforward method for the whole-plant live imaging of ROS in mature plants grown in soil.This new method could be used to study local and systemic ROS signals in different genetic variants,conduct phenotyping studies to identify new pathways for ROS signaling,monitor the stress level of different plants and mutants,and unravel novel routes of ROS integration into stress,growth regulation,and development in plants.We demonstrate the utility of this new method for studying systemic ROS signals in different A rabidopsis mutants and wound responses in cereals such as wheat and corn.
基金This research was supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071934)+1 种基金the key research project of Zhejiang(2020C02002,2021C02064-3)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production.
文摘The tribe Triticeae provides important staple cereal crops and contains elite wild species with wide geneticdiversity and high tolerance to abiotic stresses. Sea barleygrass (Hordeum marinum Huds.), a wildTriticeae species, thrives in saline marshlands and is well known for its high tolerance to salinity and waterlogging. Here, a 3.82-Gb high-quality reference genome of sea barleygrass is assembled de novo, with 3.69Gb (96.8%) of its sequences anchored onto seven chromosomes. In total, 41 045 high-confidence (HC)genes are annotated by homology, de novo prediction, and transcriptome analysis. Phylogenetics, nonsynonymous/synonymous mutation ratios (Ka/Ks), and transcriptomic and functional analyses provide genetic evidence for the divergence in morphology and salt tolerance among sea barleygrass, barley, andwheat. The large variation in post-domestication genes (e.g. IPA1 and MOC1) may cause interspecies differences in plant morphology. The extremely high salt tolerance of sea barleygrass is mainly attributed tolow Na+ uptake and root-to-shoot translocation, which are mainly controlled by SOS1, HKT, and NHX transporters. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing systems weredeveloped for sea barleygrass to promote its utilization for exploration and functional studies of hubgenes and for the genetic improvement of cereal crops.
