In traditional hydrometeorology and ice physics, when analyzing the development of ice, only degree-days of frost are taken into account. Despite the presence of pores in the ice formed during inhomogeneous crystalliz...In traditional hydrometeorology and ice physics, when analyzing the development of ice, only degree-days of frost are taken into account. Despite the presence of pores in the ice formed during inhomogeneous crystallization and dynamic loads, ice is universally considered monolithic. Situations where ice cannot withstand design loads in frosty conditions are academically inexplicable, although it is common knowledge, for example, porous ice in reeds. Proof of methane accumulations under the ice<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fountains of fire over holes in sw</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ampy waters. “Culprit” is methane. Methanotrophic microorganis</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ms, structurally and functionally specialize in using it as a source of carbon and energy, and turn monolithic ice into porous, practically without changing its thi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ckness. When rushing, dark products of methanotrophy and detrit</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">us raised by gas bubbles appear on the surface of the ice. The albedo of the ice surface decreases, contributing to its melting and the formation of dilutions. The early melting of ice in dilutions and their transformation into vast wormwood is due to methanotrophy products and seismogenic small detritus, which gravitationally slowly settling out of the cold photic layer, thinning it, contributes to an additional insolation warm-up of 2<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C ÷ 3<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C, freeing the waters from ice months earlier than normal. <p> <br /> </p> </span></span></span></span>展开更多
This year marks the 70 th anniversary of the anti-Fascist war, and the right to development is also born during the war. In other words, the right to development is a product of the struggle of developing countries to...This year marks the 70 th anniversary of the anti-Fascist war, and the right to development is also born during the war. In other words, the right to development is a product of the struggle of developing countries to break the old international order. Therefore, to study the right to development is of profound and realistic significance for human rights protection. The author will start from the meaning of the right to development, trace the course of its formation and evolution, and then by taking history as a mirror, discuss the realization and protection of the right to development, propose some relevant suggestions, so as to promote the development of a new international order and meet the new requirements of globalization.展开更多
This paper explores the basic framework for cross-cultural dialogue on human rights. Such dialogue implicates differing understandings of the content of human rights as well as differing interpretation of the concept ...This paper explores the basic framework for cross-cultural dialogue on human rights. Such dialogue implicates differing understandings of the content of human rights as well as differing interpretation of the concept of human rights itself. The challenges confronting the universality of human rights arguably stem from people's fear of radical individualism, secular fundamentalism and political radicalism. While the universality of human rights should not be denied, cognizance must be taken as well of the gap between theory and practice during the realization of those rights and the selectivity pertaining to such realization. Dogmatism and uncompromising ideological stances is an obstacle to dialogues and cross-cultural exchanges on human rights.展开更多
The political and the economic spheres increasingly overlap. Consumption is viewed not only as an economic act, but also as an act of political and moral significance. Due to the blurring of the commercial and the pol...The political and the economic spheres increasingly overlap. Consumption is viewed not only as an economic act, but also as an act of political and moral significance. Due to the blurring of the commercial and the political spheres, consumers use their purchasing power as a carrot and a stick for corporations to comply with corporate social responsibility (CSR) standards. As a consequence, corporate communication strategies tend to highlight commitment to CSR standards, portraying companies as "'good corporate citizens." Conversely, other stakeholders expose unethical business practices so as to induce corporate change. Both sides tend to invoke freedom of expression with a view to opposing limitations on their communication strategies. Taking two well-known examples as a starting point, the present article explores the role of freedom of expression as a means to incite corporate actors to both adopt and comply with CSR standards from a comparative perspective. Using an economic framework, it argues that non-commercial expression critical of corporate practices deserves a higher level of protection than corporate communication strategies.展开更多
The world features different types of democracy,with the concept rooted in the history,tradition and culture of each country.But how can we evaluate whether a country's political system is,in fact,democratic?Democ...The world features different types of democracy,with the concept rooted in the history,tradition and culture of each country.But how can we evaluate whether a country's political system is,in fact,democratic?Democracy must give people the opportunity to participate in the process of their country's development.It must be effective and change people's lives for the better.Also,the people should be the judges of their own political systems.展开更多
The Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress (NPC) and the Fifth Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference took place at a time of increased uncerta...The Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress (NPC) and the Fifth Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference took place at a time of increased uncertainty regarding the future of the international order.Since the 2008 financial crisis,which had the U.S.as its epicenter,China has been preparing for more challenging scenarios at the global and domestic levels.展开更多
文摘In traditional hydrometeorology and ice physics, when analyzing the development of ice, only degree-days of frost are taken into account. Despite the presence of pores in the ice formed during inhomogeneous crystallization and dynamic loads, ice is universally considered monolithic. Situations where ice cannot withstand design loads in frosty conditions are academically inexplicable, although it is common knowledge, for example, porous ice in reeds. Proof of methane accumulations under the ice<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fountains of fire over holes in sw</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ampy waters. “Culprit” is methane. Methanotrophic microorganis</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ms, structurally and functionally specialize in using it as a source of carbon and energy, and turn monolithic ice into porous, practically without changing its thi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ckness. When rushing, dark products of methanotrophy and detrit</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">us raised by gas bubbles appear on the surface of the ice. The albedo of the ice surface decreases, contributing to its melting and the formation of dilutions. The early melting of ice in dilutions and their transformation into vast wormwood is due to methanotrophy products and seismogenic small detritus, which gravitationally slowly settling out of the cold photic layer, thinning it, contributes to an additional insolation warm-up of 2<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C ÷ 3<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C, freeing the waters from ice months earlier than normal. <p> <br /> </p> </span></span></span></span>
文摘This year marks the 70 th anniversary of the anti-Fascist war, and the right to development is also born during the war. In other words, the right to development is a product of the struggle of developing countries to break the old international order. Therefore, to study the right to development is of profound and realistic significance for human rights protection. The author will start from the meaning of the right to development, trace the course of its formation and evolution, and then by taking history as a mirror, discuss the realization and protection of the right to development, propose some relevant suggestions, so as to promote the development of a new international order and meet the new requirements of globalization.
文摘This paper explores the basic framework for cross-cultural dialogue on human rights. Such dialogue implicates differing understandings of the content of human rights as well as differing interpretation of the concept of human rights itself. The challenges confronting the universality of human rights arguably stem from people's fear of radical individualism, secular fundamentalism and political radicalism. While the universality of human rights should not be denied, cognizance must be taken as well of the gap between theory and practice during the realization of those rights and the selectivity pertaining to such realization. Dogmatism and uncompromising ideological stances is an obstacle to dialogues and cross-cultural exchanges on human rights.
文摘The political and the economic spheres increasingly overlap. Consumption is viewed not only as an economic act, but also as an act of political and moral significance. Due to the blurring of the commercial and the political spheres, consumers use their purchasing power as a carrot and a stick for corporations to comply with corporate social responsibility (CSR) standards. As a consequence, corporate communication strategies tend to highlight commitment to CSR standards, portraying companies as "'good corporate citizens." Conversely, other stakeholders expose unethical business practices so as to induce corporate change. Both sides tend to invoke freedom of expression with a view to opposing limitations on their communication strategies. Taking two well-known examples as a starting point, the present article explores the role of freedom of expression as a means to incite corporate actors to both adopt and comply with CSR standards from a comparative perspective. Using an economic framework, it argues that non-commercial expression critical of corporate practices deserves a higher level of protection than corporate communication strategies.
文摘The world features different types of democracy,with the concept rooted in the history,tradition and culture of each country.But how can we evaluate whether a country's political system is,in fact,democratic?Democracy must give people the opportunity to participate in the process of their country's development.It must be effective and change people's lives for the better.Also,the people should be the judges of their own political systems.
文摘The Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress (NPC) and the Fifth Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference took place at a time of increased uncertainty regarding the future of the international order.Since the 2008 financial crisis,which had the U.S.as its epicenter,China has been preparing for more challenging scenarios at the global and domestic levels.