Quantum theory analysis on microscopic mechanism of the interaction of laser with cell membrane

On the basis of liquid crystal model with the electric dipole moment of cell membrane,the microscopic mechanism of the electricity and thermology effects of interaction of laser with cell membrane is researched by electromagnetic,quantum mechanics and quantum statistics. We derive the formulas on the polarization effects and "temperature-rising effect" of laser-cell membrane interaction. The results of the theoretical research can explain some experiments.

Multi-Timescale Distributed Approach to Generalized-Nash-Equilibrium Seeking in Noncooperative Nonconvex Games

Dear Editor,The distributed generalized-Nash-equilibrium(GNE)seeking in noncooperative games with nonconvexity is the topic of this letter.Inspired by the sequential quadratic programming(SQP)method,a multi-timescale multi-agent system(MAS)is developed,and its convergence to a critical point of the game is proven.To illustrate the qualities and efficacy of the theoretical findings,a numerical example is elaborated.

Phytogeographic and Syntaxonomic Diversity of High Mountain Vegetation in Dinaric Alps (Western Balkan,SE Europe)

The high alpine and subalpine vegetation of Dinaric Alps is very diverse. These are conditional on genuine patterns of development of the geological substrate, climate, soil and terrain on the mountain world, which are interconnected and spatially, and ecologically away. Also, today high mountain vegetation is extremely important indicator of global changes. In this area are many refugia of glacial biodiversity. Very illustrative example for understanding the specific forms of ecological diversity is high alpine vegetation in the area of the Balkan Peninsula. Vegetation of alpine belt of Western Balkans and Bosnia and Herzegovina is differed by extremely high level of biological and ecological diversity. Climatogenous vegetation are alpine and sub-alpine pastures above of timberline, then extra zonal forms of vegetation - glaciers, rock creeps, breaches of rocks, alpine springs, marsh, and tall greenery. This vegetation is dominant determinant of alpine ecosystems that creates their unique physiognomy and also enables prime production of biomass. It is different with extraordinary floral richness, especially in a number of endemic species and glacier relicts that are included in a large number of phytocoenoses, many of which are of endemic. In syntaxonomic sense, alpine vegetation is differentiated into lo classes： Elyno- Seslerietea, Juncetea trifidi, Salicetea herbaceae,Thalspietea rotundifolii, Asplenietea trichomanis, and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae, Montio- Cardaminetea, Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea, Mulgedio- Aconitetea and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. These classes are differentiated into ao vegetation orders, 38 alliances and 19o associations and sub-associations. In total, that is 6o % of communities of total vegetation diversity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 12.5% of classes of highest syntaxonomic categories in vegetation diversity of Europe.

Impact of Domestic Solid Waste Management on Wet Land Water Quality: Case of Abomey-Calavi Municipality in Benin Republic

The waste management is a major environmental challenge in all the countries. In the Republic of Benin, in absence of controlled landfill, the wetlands are filling in by solid household waste to set up housing environments. This study aimed at identifying the various forms of wetlands water pollutions originated by this practice. Physico-chemical parameters of sampling water were determined by using Ionic chromatography and spectrometry of atomic absorption. The microorganisms indicating fecal peril were identified by the conventional techniques of microbiology. Water quality of a witness well was also used to assess the general water quality of the backfilled wetland. The results revealed the water samples collected from backefilled wetlands were mineralized (898.32 ± 6.13 μs/cm), rich in chlorinate (237.80 ± 4.23 mg/L) and nitrates ions (224.10 ± 3.42 mg/L). They are more colored (399.23 ± 3.01 Pt/Co) and more turbid (62.5 ± 2.48 NTU) than those of the unfilled wetlands. The results of microbiological analysis shown the presence of the cysts of Giardia lamblia (590/100 L) and cysts of Entamoeba histolytica (13/100 L) in all water, except those of witness well. The frequency of water contamination by bacteria indicating general degradation is 86.4%. The embankment of the wetlands by the solid household waste leads to the water pollution.

Ring-VCO-based phase-locked loops for clock generation–design considerations and state-of-the-art

This article overviews the design considerations and state-of-the-art of the ring voltage-controlled oscillator(VCO)-based phase-locked loops(PLLs)for clock generation in different applications.Partic-ularly,the objective of the current work is to evaluate the required PLL performance among the fundamental metrics of power,jitter and area.An in-depth treatment of the mainstream PLL architectures and the associated design techniques enables them to be compared analyt-ically and benchmarked with respect to their figure-of-merit(FoM).The paper also summarizes the key concerns on the selection of dif-ferent circuit techniques to optimize the clock performance under dif-ferent scenarios.

赣北大湖塘地区昆山钨-钼-铜矿床流体包裹体研究和稳定同位素特征

昆山矿床位于大湖塘钨多金属矿田的南部,产出石英细脉带型W-Mo-Cu矿体。该矿床的成矿过程可以划分为黑钨矿-石英阶段(Ⅰ)、辉钼矿-石英阶段(Ⅱ)、黄铜矿-石英阶段(Ⅲ)及石英-方解石阶段(Ⅳ)。本文通过流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼光谱和稳定同位素研究,探讨了昆山矿床的成因机制。研究结果表明,昆山矿床发育纯气相型(PG)、纯液相型(PL)、富液两相水溶液型(WL)三类包裹体。Ⅰ阶段主要发育WL型流体包裹体,并有少量PG型包裹体,均一温度为236～388℃,盐度为0. 5%～13. 8%NaCleqv,密度为0. 54～0. 90g/cm^3;Ⅱ阶段亦主要发育WL型和少量PG型包裹体,其均一温度为221～390℃,盐度为0. 5%～12. 7%Na Cleqv,密度为0. 51～0. 93g/cm^3;Ⅲ阶段主要发育WL型包裹体,均一温度为228～376℃,盐度为0. 7%～11. 2%NaCleqv,密度为0. 57～0. 91g/cm^3;Ⅳ阶段主要发育WL型包裹体,并有少量的PL型包裹体,其均一温度为173～288℃,盐度为0. 4%～11. 8%NaCleqv,密度为0. 76～0. 97g/cm^3。主成矿阶段流体属于中高温、中低盐度、中等密度流体,成矿晚阶段流体属于中低温、中低盐度、中高密度流体。包裹体气相成分主要是H_2O,亦有少量CH_4和CO_2,成矿流体总体上属于H_2O-NaCl-(CH_4-CO_2)体系。Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ阶段成矿流体的δD值为-92‰～-56‰,计算获得的δ^(18)O水值为3. 8‰～6. 4‰;石英-方解石阶段的δD值为-68‰～-58‰,δ^(18)O水值为0. 5‰～0. 7‰。H-O同位素结果表明,昆山矿床主成矿阶段的流体以岩浆水为主,成矿晚阶段有少量的大气降水加入。金属硫化物的δ^(34)S值分布集中,其值为-1. 5‰～3. 0‰,表明成矿流体中的硫主要来自深源岩浆。辉钼矿-石英阶段的石英包裹体中CO_2的δ^(13)CV-PDB值为-6. 6‰和-5. 9‰,平均-6. 3‰;晚阶段石英-方解石脉中方解石的δ^(13)CV-PDB值为-12. 3‰～-10. 2‰,平均-11. 0‰,表明昆山矿床主成矿阶段流体中的碳主要由花岗岩浆提供,且受低温蚀变作用的影响,而晚阶段方解石脉中的碳还受到了双桥山群沉积有机物质的影响。成矿流体的冷却作用是导致昆山矿床钨、钼和铜沉淀的主要机制。

内蒙古兴和县曹四夭超大型斑岩钼铅锌金成矿系统年代学及其地质意义

曹四夭斑岩钼矿床位于内蒙古兴和县,是华北克拉通北缘最大的钼矿床。该矿床中部发育斑岩型钼矿体,外围和上部产出热液脉型铅锌金矿体。文章选取1件与斑岩钼矿化共生的绢云母样品进行了40Ar-39Ar定年,获得40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为(144.4±1.2)Ma,相应的39Ar/36Ar-40Ar/39Ar等时线年龄为(146.4±2.2)Ma(MSWD=0.31),将等时线年龄认作绢云母的Ar封闭年龄,表明曹四夭斑岩钼矿化发生在约146 Ma前。选取14件脉型铅锌矿石中的闪锌矿、黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿样品开展了Rb-Sr定年,获得4件闪锌矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(145.1±3.0)Ma(MSWD=0.63);5件黄铁矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(145.2±1.3)Ma(MSWD=0.53);4件闪锌矿、5件黄铁矿和1件磁黄铁矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(145.3±1.0)Ma(MSWD=0.43)。硫化物Rb-Sr定年结果表明曹四夭矿床脉型铅锌矿化形成于约145 Ma前。本次绢云母40Ar-39Ar和硫化物Rb-Sr定年结果表明,曹四夭矿床斑岩型钼矿化和脉型铅锌金矿化为同期产物,两者均形成于晚侏罗世末期,属于同一个斑岩成矿系统。曹四夭矿床硫化物的w(Rb)和w(Sr)分别为0.1867×10^(-6)~1.305×10^(-6)和0.3175×10^(-6)~6.935×10^(-6),Sr同位素初始比值(87Sr/86Sr)i介于0.709 919~0.711 951之间,平均值0.710 952,结合前人获得的辉钼矿Re含量,认为曹四夭矿床的成矿物质主要来源于地壳。

Convergence Rate of the Asymmetric Deffuant-Weisbuch Dynamics

This paper considers the convergence rate of an asymmetric Deffuant-Weisbuch model.The model is composed by finite n interacting agents.In this model,agent i’s opinion is updated at each time,by first selecting one randomly from n agents,and then combining the selected agent j’s opinion if the distance between j’s opinion and i’s opinion is not larger than the confidence radiusε0.This yields the endogenously changing inter-agent topologies.Based on the previous result that all agents opinions will converge almost surely for any initial states,the authors prove that the expected potential function of the convergence rate is upper bounded by a negative exponential function of time t when opinions reach consensus finally and is upper bounded by a negative power function of time t when opinions converge to several different limits.

Adaptive Fourier Decomposition Based Time-Frequency Analysis

The attempt to represent a signal simultaneously in time and frequency domains is full of challenges. The recently proposed adaptive Fourier decomposition （AFD） offers a practical approach to solve this problem. This paper presents the principles of the AFD based time-frequency analysis in three aspects： instantaneous frequency analysis, frequency spectrum analysis, and the spectrogram analysis. An experiment is conducted and compared with the Fourier transform in convergence rate and short-time Fourier transform in time-frequency distribution. The proposed approach performs better than both the Fourier transform and short-time Fourier transform.

A Sensorless State Estimation for A Safety-Oriented Cyber-Physical System in Urban Driving:Deep Learning Approach

In today's modern electric vehicles,enhancing the safety-critical cyber-physical system(CPS)'s performance is necessary for the safe maneuverability of the vehicle.As a typical CPS,the braking system is crucial for the vehicle design and safe control.However,precise state estimation of the brake pressure is desired to perform safe driving with a high degree of autonomy.In this paper,a sensorless state estimation technique of the vehicle's brake pressure is developed using a deep-learning approach.A deep neural network(DNN)is structured and trained using deep-learning training techniques,such as,dropout and rectified units.These techniques are utilized to obtain more accurate model for brake pressure state estimation applications.The proposed model is trained using real experimental training data which were collected via conducting real vehicle testing.The vehicle was attached to a chassis dynamometer while the brake pressure data were collected under random driving cycles.Based on these experimental data,the DNN is trained and the performance of the proposed state estimation approach is validated accordingly.The results demonstrate high-accuracy brake pressure state estimation with RMSE of 0.048 MPa.

A Reflection on the Management and Treatment of Cervical Spine Neuropathies with East Asian Medicine:Acupuncture

There is much material demonstrating the use of acupuncture and moxibustion as an effective method of treatment in a variety of neurological conditions involving both peripheral and central nervous system dysfunction. Acupuncture＇s effects are experienced throughout the body but specifically acupuncture can be seen to contribute significantly to nerve metabolism and rebuilding. However, very little is written on the mechanisms for this nerve recovery. This paper will reflect on these mechanisms in relation to the treatment of neck problems associated with nerve root impingement.

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Prediction and Adaptive Classification Scrambling

Reversible data hiding in encrypted images(RDH-EI)technology is widely used in cloud storage for image privacy protection.In order to improve the embedding capacity of the RDH-EI algorithm and the security of the encrypted images,we proposed a reversible data hiding algorithm for encrypted images based on prediction and adaptive classification scrambling.First,the prediction error image is obtained by a novel prediction method before encryption.Then,the image pixel values are divided into two categories by the threshold range,which is selected adaptively according to the image content.Multiple high-significant bits of pixels within the threshold range are used for embedding data and pixel values outside the threshold range remain unchanged.The optimal threshold selected adaptively ensures the maximum embedding capacity of the algorithm.Moreover,the security of encrypted images can be improved by the combination of XOR encryption and classification scrambling encryption since the embedded data is independent of the pixel position.Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method has higher embedding capacity compared with the current state-of-the-art methods for images with different texture complexity.

Convergence of the viscosity solution of non-autonomous Hamilton-Jacobi equations

In this paper,we investigate the non-autonomous Hamilton-Jacobi equation{ə_(t)u+H(t,x,ə_(x)=0,u(x,t)_(0))=φ(x),x∈M where H is 1-periodic with respect to t and M is a compact Riemannian manifold without boundary.We obtain the viscosity solution denoted by T_(t_(0))^(t)φ(x)and show T_(t_(0))^(t)φ(x)converges uniformly to a time-periodic viscosity solution u^(*)(x,t)ofə_(t)u+H(t,x,ə_(x)u,u)=0.

Study on Extraction and Conversion Annatto （Bixa orellana L.） Color into Norbixin to Prepare Food Grade Water-Soluble Norbixin Powder

Response surface methodology was used in this research to optimize the technical parameters of the extraction and conversion color compound in armatto seeds into norbixin. Parameters affected the extraction efficiency and norbixin recovery yield were solvent concentration, rate of solvent/seed, incubation time, and incubation temperature. The optimization results including： concentration of ethanol is 51.82°; concentration of NaOH is 0.52 M; ratio of solvent/seed is 7.1/1; incubation time is 33.12 minutes, incubation temperature is 58.6℃, and the rate of 36% HCl/color solution is 0.5/5 （v/v）.

Editorial:Special Topic on Data Intelligence in New AI Era

The new artificial intelligence(AI)era heavily depends on three converging forces:the advance of AI algorithms,the availability of big data,and the popularity of high performance computing platforms.Data-driven intelligence,or data intelligence,is a new form of AI technologies that leverages the power of big data and advanced learning algorithm.

Robust BELBIC-Extension for Trajectory Tracking Control

In real-life trajectory tracking applications of robotic manipulators uncertain robot dynamics, external disturbances and switching constraints which cannot be accommodated for by a conventional controller affect the system performance. We suggested an additional control element combining sliding mode and bio-mimetic, neurologically-inspired BELBIC （brain emotional learning-based intelligent control）. The former is invariant to internal and external uncertainties and guarantees robust behavior. The latter is based on an interplay of inputs relating to environmental information through error-signals of position and sliding surfaces and of emotional signals regulating the learning rate and adapting the future behaviour based on prior experiences and with the goal to maximize a reward function. We proofed the stability and the performance of the suggested control scheme through Lyapunov theory and numerical simulations, respectively.

Functional Electrical Stimulation of Peroneal Muscles on Balance in Healthy Females

Balance improvement could contribute to ankle stability for the prevention of ankle sprains.Functional electrical stimulation(FES)is an effective way of augmenting muscle activity and improving balance.This study investigated the effect of FES of peroneal muscles on single-and double-leg balance.Fifteen healthy females(age=23:1±1:6 years,height=1:63±0:07m,and weight=63:7±9:9 kg)performed single-and double-leg standing balance tests with eyes open and closed before and after 15-minute FES intervention during treadmill running at a comfortable,self-selected pace.FES of peroneal muscles was provided bilaterally,using an Odstock Dropped Foot Stimulator.The total excursion of the centre of pressure(COP)was calculated to assess the standing balance control ability.The total excursion of COP in single-and double-leg stance with eyes open reduced significantly after FES intervention by 14.7%(p<0:001)and 5.9%(p=0:031),respectively.The eyes-closed condition exhibited a 12.7%(p=0:002)reduction in single-leg stance but did not significantly change in double-leg stance(p>0:05).Limb preference did not account for balance postintervention.No significant difference in total excursion of COP was found between preferred and less preferred limbs with both visual conditions(p>0:05).FES of peroneal muscles improved standing balance control with eyes open in double-leg and single-leg stance and with eyes closed in double-leg stance.The improvements in balance control with FES treatment did not vary concerning limb preference.

MoSe_(2)/WS_(2) heterojunction photodiode integrated with a silicon nitride waveguide for near infrared light detection with high responsivity

We demonstrate experimentally the realization and the characterization of a chip-scale integrated photodetector for the near-infrared spectral regime based on the integration of a MoSe_(2)/WS_(2) heterojunction on top of a silicon nitride waveguide.This configuration achieves high responsivity of~1 A W−1 at the wavelength of 780 nm(indicating an internal gain mechanism)while suppressing the dark current to the level of~50 pA,much lower as compared to a reference sample of just MoSe_(2) without WS_(2).We have measured the power spectral density of the dark current to be as low as~1×10^(−12) A Hz−0.5,from which we extract the noise equivalent power(NEP)to be~1×10^(−12) W Hz^(−0.5).To demonstrate the usefulness of the device,we use it for the characterization of the transfer function of a microring resonator that is integrated on the same chip as the photodetector.The ability to integrate local photodetectors on a chip and to operate such devices with high performance at the near-infrared regime is expected to play a critical role in future integrated devices in the field of optical communications,quantum photonics,biochemical sensing,and more.